Magnetic Materials Ontology (MagMO)
type: Ontology
version IRI: magnetic-materials
imports: contributors
imports: dependencies
abstract: An EMMO-based domain-ontology for magnetic materials. Created within the EU project MaMMoS. Grant number 101135546 (HORIZON-CL4-2023-DIGITAL-EMERGING-01). The Magnetic Materials Ontology is released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0).
contributor: AndreaPetrocchi
contributor: HansFangohr
contributor: JonasWinkler
contributor: MartinLang
contributor: SamHolt
contributor: SwapneelAmitPathak
contributor: WilliamRigaut
creator: SantaPile
creator: ThomasSchrefl
creator: WilfriedHortschitz
license: legalcode
mediator: EMMC ASBL
publisher: mammos-project.github.io
status: unstable
preferred namespace prefix: MagMO
comment: Contacts: Wilfried Hortschitz DISS-UWK email: wilfried.hortschitz@donau-uni.ac.at
comment: Created within the EU project MaMMoS. Grant number 101135546 (HORIZON-CL4-2023-DIGITAL-EMERGING-01).
version info: 0.0.5

description
type: AnnotationProperty

wikipediaReference
type: AnnotationProperty

wikidataReference
type: AnnotationProperty

IECEntry
type: AnnotationProperty

JoulePerCubicMetre
type: Class
alternative label: JoulePerCubicMeter

JoulePerMetre
type: Class
alternative label: JoulePerMeter

MegaJoulePerCubicMetre
type: Class
alternative label: MegaJoulePerCubicMeter

EdxCounts
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: Counts as a function of energy obtained from Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
alternative label: EDXCounts
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Counts as a function of energy obtained from Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.

GeometricalSize
type: Class
subclass of: Error11
description: Spatial extension along the principal axes.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Spatial extension along the principal axes.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Size

StackingSequence
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: Sequence of layers in a multilayer stack.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Sequence of layers in a multilayer stack.

SpontaneousMagnetization
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: The spontaneous magnetization, Ms, of a ferromagnet is the result of alignment of the magnetic moments of individual atoms. Ms exists within a domain of a ferromagnet.
alternative label: SpontaneousMagnetisation
alternative label: Ms
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The spontaneous magnetization, Ms, of a ferromagnet is the result of alignment of the magnetic moments of individual atoms. Ms exists within a domain of a ferromagnet.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneous_magnetization
IECEntry: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display

LocalEdxData
type: Class
subclass of: Error67
description: Local EDX data measured at a specific position.
alternative label: LocalEDXData
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Local EDX data measured at a specific position.

Magnet
type: Class
subclass of: Error90
subclass of: Error91
subclass of: Error92
subclass of: Error93
subclass of: Error94
description: Piece of matter made of one or more magnetic materials.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Piece of matter made of one or more magnetic materials.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11421
IECEntry: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display

CoercivityHc
type: Class
description: The internal magnetic field -Hc at which the macroscopic magnetization vanishes is the coercivity or coercive force. Although it is not an intrinsic property in our sense of the term, the M-H loop coercivity Hc is sometimes referred to as 'intrinsic' coercivity.
alternative label: CoerciveField
alternative label: CoercivityHcInternal
alternative label: CoercivityInternal
alternative label: Hc
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The internal magnetic field -Hc at which the macroscopic magnetization vanishes is the coercivity or coercive force. Although it is not an intrinsic property in our sense of the term, the M-H loop coercivity Hc is sometimes referred to as 'intrinsic' coercivity.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432635
IECEntry: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display

DemagnetizingFactor
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: For a uniformly magnetized ellipsoid with magnetization along a major axis the demagnetizing field is Hd = -N M. The principal components of the diagonal demagnetizing tensor form the demagnetizing factors. Only two of the three are independent because the demagnetizing tensor has unit trace Nx + Ny + Nz = 1.
comment: H = H' - DM, where D is the demagnetizing factor, M is the magnetization, and H is the internal field.
alternative label: DemagnetisingFactor
alternative label: D
alternative label: N
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: For a uniformly magnetized ellipsoid with magnetization along a major axis the demagnetizing field is Hd = -N M. The principal components of the diagonal demagnetizing tensor form the demagnetizing factors. Only two of the three are independent because the demagnetizing tensor has unit trace Nx + Ny + Nz = 1.
IECEntry: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display

MagneticHysteresisProperties
type: Class
subclass of: Error34
subclass of: Error35
subclass of: Error36
subclass of: Error37
subclass of: Error38
subclass of: Error39
subclass of: Error40
subclass of: Error41
subclass of: Error42
subclass of: Error43
subclass of: Error44
subclass of: Error45
subclass of: Error46
subclass of: Error47
subclass of: Error48
description: The essential practical characteristic of any ferromagnetic material is the irreversible nonlinear response of magnetization M to an imposed magnetic field H. This response is given by the hysteresis loop. The characteristics of hysteresis loop are known as hysteresis properties. Instead of M(H), other quantities can be used to plot a hysteresis loop. M(H): Magnetization as function of the internal field. M(H'): Magnetization as function of the external field. J(H): Magnetic polarization as function of the internal field. J(H'): Magnetic polarization as function of the external field. B(H): Magnetic flux density as function of the internal field. B(H'): Magnetic flux density as function of the external field.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The essential practical characteristic of any ferromagnetic material is the irreversible nonlinear response of magnetization M to an imposed magnetic field H. This response is given by the hysteresis loop. The characteristics of hysteresis loop are known as hysteresis properties. Instead of M(H), other quantities can be used to plot a hysteresis loop. M(H): Magnetization as function of the internal field. M(H'): Magnetization as function of the external field. J(H): Magnetic polarization as function of the internal field. J(H'): Magnetic polarization as function of the external field. B(H): Magnetic flux density as function of the internal field. B(H'): Magnetic flux density as function of the external field.

LocalCoercivity
type: Class
subclass of: Error12
description: Local coercive field measured with the magneto-optic Kerr effect.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Local coercive field measured with the magneto-optic Kerr effect.

LocalProfilometryData
type: Class
subclass of: Error66
description: Local profilometry data measured at a specific position.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Local profilometry data measured at a specific position.

SpacerLayer
type: Class
subclass of: Error111
subclass of: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: Nonmagnetic thin film materials.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Nonmagnetic thin film materials.

NonMagneticMaterial
type: Class
subclass of: Error19
subclass of: Error20
subclass of: Error21
description: A material which is non-magnetic.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: A material which is non-magnetic.

SwitchingFieldCoercivityExternal
type: Class
description: Defined by the maximum slope of the descending branch of the M-H' hysteresis loop, with H' the external field.
alternative label: H'sw
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Defined by the maximum slope of the descending branch of the M-H' hysteresis loop, with H' the external field.

CellVolume
type: Class
description: Volume of the unit cell.
alternative label: UnitCellVolume
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Volume of the unit cell.

MagnetocrystallineAnisotropyConstantK1
type: Class
description: The magnetocrystalline constant K1 for tetragonal or hexagonal crystals.
comment: Ea = K1 sin^2(phi) + K2 sin^4(phi) where Ea is the is the anisotropy energy density and phi is the angle of the magnetization with respect to the c-axis of the crystal.
alternative label: K1
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The magnetocrystalline constant K1 for tetragonal or hexagonal crystals.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetocrystalline_anisotropy

CrystalStructure
type: Class
subclass of: Error55
subclass of: Error56
subclass of: Error57
subclass of: Error58
subclass of: Error59
subclass of: Error60
subclass of: Error61
subclass of: Error62
description: Description of ordered arrangement of atoms.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Description of ordered arrangement of atoms.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q895901

LatticeConstantBeta
type: Class
description: The angle between lattice vectors `a` and `c`, where lattice vectors `a`, `b` and `c` define the unit cell.
alternative label: LatticeParameterBeta
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The angle between lattice vectors `a` and `c`, where lattice vectors `a`, `b` and `c` define the unit cell.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625641

MokeKerrSignal
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: The Kerr signal (rotation or ellipticity) as a function of applied field obtained from MOKE measurement.
alternative label: KerrSignal
alternative label: MOKEKerrSignal
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The Kerr signal (rotation or ellipticity) as a function of applied field obtained from MOKE measurement.

XrayDiffractionData
type: Class
subclass of: Error102
subclass of: Error103
description: Counts as a function of 2theta angle obtained from X-ray diffraction.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Counts as a function of 2theta angle obtained from X-ray diffraction.

LocalAnnealingTemperature
type: Class
subclass of: Error89
description: Local annealing temperature from heat treatment such as Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA).
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Local annealing temperature from heat treatment such as Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA).

MagneticAnisotropy
type: Class
description: Magnetic anisotropy means that the magnetic properties depend on the direction in which they are measured.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Magnetic anisotropy means that the magnetic properties depend on the direction in which they are measured.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_anisotropy
IECEntry: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display

LineEnergyUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Unit of energy per unit length. Defined using SI base units.

KneeFieldExternal
type: Class
description: The maximum working field - also named knee field H_K, is defined as the reverse external field for which the magnetization is reduced by 10%; thus it corresponds to the point on the magnetization loop for which M = 0.9 Mr (J = 0.9 Jr).
alternative label: H'k
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The maximum working field - also named knee field H_K, is defined as the reverse external field for which the magnetization is reduced by 10%; thus it corresponds to the point on the magnetization loop for which M = 0.9 Mr (J = 0.9 Jr).

LoopSquarenessFactorInternal
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: The internal loop squareness factor SF is defined as the ratio of the internal KneeField Hk over the internal Coercivity Hc (SF = KneeFieldInternal / CoercivityHcInternal).
alternative label: SF_internal
alternative label: SquarenessFactorInternal
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The internal loop squareness factor SF is defined as the ratio of the internal KneeField Hk over the internal Coercivity Hc (SF = KneeFieldInternal / CoercivityHcInternal).

MassSusceptibility
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: Ratio of the change of the magnetic moment per unit mass and the internal field: sigma = chi_m H.
comment: MagneticSusceptibilityPerMassDensity
alternative label: chi_m
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Ratio of the change of the magnetic moment per unit mass and the internal field: sigma = chi_m H.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104655916

UniaxialAnisotropyConstant
type: Class
description: The change of energy with angle of the magnetization from the preferred direction is expressed with the uniaxial anisotropy constant Ea = Ku sin²(theta).
alternative label: Ku
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The change of energy with angle of the magnetization from the preferred direction is expressed with the uniaxial anisotropy constant Ea = Ku sin²(theta).

MultilayerMagnet
type: Class
subclass of: Error13
subclass of: Error14
subclass of: Error15
subclass of: Error16
subclass of: Restriction
description: Piece of matter made of stacked layers of one or more magnetic materials.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Piece of matter made of stacked layers of one or more magnetic materials.

CrystallographicOrientation
type: Class
subclass of: Error110
description: Relative direction of a crystallite in space with respect to another, disregarding distance.
alternative label: CrystalOrientation
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Relative direction of a crystallite in space with respect to another, disregarding distance.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11799166

ExchangeStiffnessConstant
type: Class
description: Exchange constant, A, in the continuum theory of micromagnetism. The exchange stiffness A is related to the Curie temperature TC: A is roughly k_B T_c/(2 a_0), where a_0 is the lattice parameter in a simple structure.
alternative label: A
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Exchange constant, A, in the continuum theory of micromagnetism. The exchange stiffness A is related to the Curie temperature TC: A is roughly k_B T_c/(2 a_0), where a_0 is the lattice parameter in a simple structure.

MagnetocrystallineAnisotropyConstantK1c
type: Class
description: The magnetocrystalline constant K1c for cubic crystals.
comment: Ea = K1c(a1²a2²+a2²a3²+a1²a3²)+K2c(a1²a2²a3²) where Ea is the anisotropy energy density and a1,a2,a3 are the direction cosines of the magnetization
alternative label: K1c
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The magnetocrystalline constant K1c for cubic crystals.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetocrystalline_anisotropy

LocalAtomPercent
type: Class
subclass of: Error115
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Percent
description: Local atomic percentage obtained from EDX quantification.
alternative label: LocalAtomicPercent
alternative label: at.%
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Local atomic percentage obtained from EDX quantification.

MassMagnetizationUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0
description: Class of units of the magnetization per unit mass. Defined using SI base units.
alternative label: MassMagnetisationUnit
alternative label: SpecificMagnetisationUnit
alternative label: SpecificMagnetizationUnit
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Class of units of the magnetization per unit mass. Defined using SI base units.

RemanentMagneticPolarization
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: The remanent magnetic polarization Jr which remains when the applied field is restored to zero in the hysteresis loop
alternative label: RemanentMagneticPolarisation
alternative label: Jr
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The remanent magnetic polarization Jr which remains when the applied field is restored to zero in the hysteresis loop
IECEntry: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display

SecondaryPhase
type: Class
subclass of: Error31
subclass of: Restriction
description: An additional phase within a magnet, for example soft inclusions or triple junctions.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: An additional phase within a magnet, for example soft inclusions or triple junctions.

GrainMisalignmentAngle
type: Class
description: Standard deviation of the angle of the easy axis with respect to the alignment direction.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Standard deviation of the angle of the easy axis with respect to the alignment direction.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117089304

EnergyDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: Energy Density.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Energy Density.

XrdTwoThetaAngles
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: The 2theta angles at which the counts are measured during X-ray diffraction.
alternative label: XRDTwoThetaAngles
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The 2theta angles at which the counts are measured during X-ray diffraction.

MokeData
type: Class
subclass of: Error29
subclass of: Error30
description: Kerr signal as a function of applied magnetic field obtained from Magneto-Optic Kerr Effect measurement.
alternative label: MOKEData
alternative label: MagnetoOpticKerrEffectData
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Kerr signal as a function of applied magnetic field obtained from Magneto-Optic Kerr Effect measurement.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magneto-optic_Kerr_effect
IECEntry: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display

SigmaGrainSize
type: Class
description: The standard deviation of the grain diameter of grains. Diameter is the diameter of a sphere with equivalent volume.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The standard deviation of the grain diameter of grains. Diameter is the diameter of a sphere with equivalent volume.

Magnetoresistance
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: Change of the resistivity of a substance due to an applied magnetic field. Magnetoresistance can be defined as MR = [ϱ(B)-ϱ(0)]/ϱ(0).
alternative label: MR
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Change of the resistivity of a substance due to an applied magnetic field. Magnetoresistance can be defined as MR = [ϱ(B)-ϱ(0)]/ϱ(0).
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetoresistance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58347
IECEntry: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display

LocalPhaseFraction
type: Class
subclass of: Error28
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Percent
description: Local phase fraction obtained from XRD analysis, typically expressed in weight percent.
alternative label: LocalPhaseContent
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Local phase fraction obtained from XRD analysis, typically expressed in weight percent.

SpaceGroup
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: A spacegroup is the symmetry group of all symmetry operations that apply to a crystal structure. The complete symmetry of a crystal, including the Bravais lattice and any translational symmetry elements, is given by one of the 240 space groups. A space group is identified by its Hermann-Mauguin symbol or space group number (and setting) in the International tables of Crystallography.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: A spacegroup is the symmetry group of all symmetry operations that apply to a crystal structure. The complete symmetry of a crystal, including the Bravais lattice and any translational symmetry elements, is given by one of the 240 space groups. A space group is identified by its Hermann-Mauguin symbol or space group number (and setting) in the International tables of Crystallography.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_group
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899033

MagneticMomentPerUnitMass
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: Magnetic moment per unit mass, sigma.
comment: The magnetization is obtained by multiplying sigma with the density
alternative label: MassMagnetisation
alternative label: MassMagnetization
alternative label: SpecificMagneticMoment
alternative label: sigma
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Magnetic moment per unit mass, sigma.

MagnetocrystallineAnisotropyConstantK2
type: Class
description: The magnetocrystalline constant K2 for tetragonal or hexagonal crystals.
comment: Ea = K1 sin^2(phi) + K2 sin^4(phi) where Ea is the is the anisotropy energy density and phi is the angle of the magnetization with respect to the c-axis of the crystal.
alternative label: K2
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The magnetocrystalline constant K2 for tetragonal or hexagonal crystals.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetocrystalline_anisotropy

AmorphousMagneticMaterial
type: Class
description: Any amorphous structure entails a distribution of nearest-neighbour environments and bond lengths for a given magnetic atom, described by the radial distribution function and higher-order correlation functions. These distributions lead to a distribution of site moments, exchange interactions, dipolar and crystal fields, all of which influence the nature of the magnetic order.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Any amorphous structure entails a distribution of nearest-neighbour environments and bond lengths for a given magnetic atom, described by the radial distribution function and higher-order correlation functions. These distributions lead to a distribution of site moments, exchange interactions, dipolar and crystal fields, all of which influence the nature of the magnetic order.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_magnet

CoercivityBHc
type: Class
description: Defined as internal field on the B(H) loop where B = 0. It is also called flux coercivity BHc. BHc depends on sample shape and has to be corrected for the demagnetizing field.
alternative label: BHc
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Defined as internal field on the B(H) loop where B = 0. It is also called flux coercivity BHc. BHc depends on sample shape and has to be corrected for the demagnetizing field.

ProfilometryData
type: Class
subclass of: Error10
subclass of: Error9
description: Height profile as a function of distance obtained from profilometry measurement.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Height profile as a function of distance obtained from profilometry measurement.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profilometer

LocalXrayDiffractionData
type: Class
subclass of: Error68
description: Local X-ray diffraction data.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Local X-ray diffraction data.

UniaxialMagneticAnisotropy
type: Class
subclass of: Error53
subclass of: Error54
description: The anisotropy can be described as uniaxial when the anisotropy energy E depends on only a single angle, the angle between the magnetization vector and the easy direction of magnetization.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The anisotropy can be described as uniaxial when the anisotropy energy E depends on only a single angle, the angle between the magnetization vector and the easy direction of magnetization.

ThinFilmMagnet
type: Class
subclass of: Error72
subclass of: Error73
subclass of: Error74
subclass of: Error75
subclass of: Error76
subclass of: Error77
subclass of: Error78
subclass of: Error79
subclass of: Error80
subclass of: Error81
subclass of: Error82
subclass of: Error83
subclass of: Error84
subclass of: Error85
subclass of: Error86
subclass of: Error87
subclass of: Error88
description: Piece of matter made of one or more magnetic material in form a thin film.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Piece of matter made of one or more magnetic material in form a thin film.

UniaxialMagnetocrystallineAnisotropy
type: Class
subclass of: Error64
subclass of: Error65
description: The uniaxial anisotropy depends on only a single angle, the angle magnetization vector and the c axis.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The uniaxial anisotropy depends on only a single angle, the angle magnetization vector and the c axis.

LineEnergy
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: Energy per unit length.
alternative label: EnergyPerLength
alternative label: EnergyPerUnitLength
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Energy per unit length.

GranularStructure
type: Class
subclass of: Error100
subclass of: Error101
subclass of: Error98
subclass of: Error99
description: Ensemble of grains of 1 or more grains.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Ensemble of grains of 1 or more grains.

LoopSquarenessFactorExternal
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: The external loop squareness factor is defined as the ratio of the external KneeField H'k over the external Coercivity H'c (SF' = KneeFieldExternal / CoercivityHcExternal).
alternative label: SF_external
alternative label: SquarenessFactorExternal
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The external loop squareness factor is defined as the ratio of the external KneeField H'k over the external Coercivity H'c (SF' = KneeFieldExternal / CoercivityHcExternal).

ProfilTotalProfile
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: The height profile as a function of distance obtained from profilometry measurement.
alternative label: PROFILTotalProfile
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The height profile as a function of distance obtained from profilometry measurement.

GrainBoundaryPhase
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: Material separating grains in a microstructure.
comment: In permanent magnets, the grain boundary phase inhibits the propagation of the magnetic reversal from grain to grain.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Material separating grains in a microstructure.

MainMagneticPhase
type: Class
subclass of: Error97
subclass of: Restriction
description: Main phase of the magnet
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Main phase of the magnet

ExtrinsicMagneticProperties
type: Class
subclass of: Error2
subclass of: Error3
subclass of: Error4
subclass of: Error5
description: Extrinsic magnetic Properties depend on the microstructure.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Extrinsic magnetic Properties depend on the microstructure.

SaturationMagneticPolarization
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: The Saturation magnetic polarization Jsat is the maximum obtainable magnetic polarization for a given substance at a given temperature. Jsat should be used instead of Js to avoid confusion with the symbol for the spontaneous polarization
alternative label: Jsat
alternative label: SaturationMagneticPolarisation
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The Saturation magnetic polarization Jsat is the maximum obtainable magnetic polarization for a given substance at a given temperature. Jsat should be used instead of Js to avoid confusion with the symbol for the spontaneous polarization
IECEntry: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display

MeanGrainSize
type: Class
description: The mean of the grain diameter of grains. Diameter is the diameter of a sphere with equivalent volume.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The mean of the grain diameter of grains. Diameter is the diameter of a sphere with equivalent volume.

EnergyDensityUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Unit of energy density. Defined using SI base units.

Remanence
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: The remanence Mr which remains when the applied field is restored to zero in the hysteresis loop
alternative label: RemanentMagnetisation
alternative label: RemanentMagnetization
alternative label: Mr
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The remanence Mr which remains when the applied field is restored to zero in the hysteresis loop
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remanence
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4150950
IECEntry: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display

MokeAppliedField
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: The applied magnetic field values during MOKE measurement.
alternative label: MOKEAppliedField
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The applied magnetic field values during MOKE measurement.

AbsolutePermeability
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: Ratio of the change of magnetic flux density and the internal field: B = mu H.
alternative label: mu
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Ratio of the change of magnetic flux density and the internal field: B = mu H.
IECEntry: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display

LatticeConstantC
type: Class
description: The length of lattice vectors `c`, where lattice vectors `a`, `b` and `c` define the unit cell.
alternative label: LatticeParameterC
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The length of lattice vectors `c`, where lattice vectors `a`, `b` and `c` define the unit cell.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice_constant
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625641
IECEntry: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display

LatticeConstantB
type: Class
description: The length of lattice vectors `b`, where lattice vectors `a`, `b` and `c` define the unit cell.
alternative label: LatticeParameterB
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The length of lattice vectors `b`, where lattice vectors `a`, `b` and `c` define the unit cell.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice_constant
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625641
IECEntry: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display

LatticeConstantGamma
type: Class
description: The angle between lattice vectors `a` and `b`, where lattice vectors `a`, `b` and `c` define the unit cell.
alternative label: LatticeParameterGamma
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The angle between lattice vectors `a` and `b`, where lattice vectors `a`, `b` and `c` define the unit cell.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625641

BinderCumulant
type: Class
description: A dimensionless fourth-order cumulant of magnetization, defined as U4 = 1 − <m^4>/(3 <m^2>^2), where m is the normalised magnetization (magnetization per site). It is used in finite-size scaling as an approximately scale-independent measure of critical fluctuations: curves for different system sizes intersect near the phase-transition temperature, enabling estimation of Tc without direct extrapolation to infinite system size.
comment: Binder, K. (1981). "Finite size scaling analysis of ising model block distribution functions". Zeitschrift für Physik B: Condensed Matter. 43 (2): 119–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01293604
alternative label: BinderParameter
alternative label: U_L
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: A dimensionless fourth-order cumulant of magnetization, defined as U4 = 1 − <m^4>/(3 <m^2>^2), where m is the normalised magnetization (magnetization per site). It is used in finite-size scaling as an approximately scale-independent measure of critical fluctuations: curves for different system sizes intersect near the phase-transition temperature, enabling estimation of Tc without direct extrapolation to infinite system size.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binder_parameter
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4913987

SaturationMagnetization
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: The Saturation magnetization Msat is the maximum obtainable magnetic magnetization for a given substance at a given temperature. Msat should be used instead Ms to avoid confusion with the symbol for the SpontaneousMagnetization
alternative label: Msat
alternative label: SaturationMagnetisation
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The Saturation magnetization Msat is the maximum obtainable magnetic magnetization for a given substance at a given temperature. Msat should be used instead Ms to avoid confusion with the symbol for the SpontaneousMagnetization
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturation_(magnetic)
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2630994
IECEntry: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display

CoercivityBHcExternal
type: Class
description: Defined as external field on the B(H') loop where B = 0. H' is the external field.
alternative label: BH'c
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Defined as external field on the B(H') loop where B = 0. H' is the external field.

GeometricShape
type: Class
subclass of: Error96
description: Geometric shape. Two extrinsic properties, the remanence Mr and coercivity Hc, which depend on the sample shape
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Geometric shape. Two extrinsic properties, the remanence Mr and coercivity Hc, which depend on the sample shape
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207961

CrystallineMagneticMaterial
type: Class
description: Magnetic material with crystalline structure.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Magnetic material with crystalline structure.

InternalSusceptibility
type: Class
description: Ratio of the change of magnetization and the internal field: M = chi H.
alternative label: chi
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Ratio of the change of magnetization and the internal field: M = chi H.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691463

ShapeAnisotropyConstant
type: Class
description: The energy density of a small particle given by K1sh = (mu_0/4)(1-3D)Ms² where mu_0 is the vacuum magnetic permeability and D is the DemagnetizingFactor and Ms is the spontaneous magnetization.
alternative label: K1sh
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The energy density of a small particle given by K1sh = (mu_0/4)(1-3D)Ms² where mu_0 is the vacuum magnetic permeability and D is the DemagnetizingFactor and Ms is the spontaneous magnetization.

DemagnetizingField
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: The magnetic field produced by the magnetization distribution of the sample itself.
alternative label: DemagnetisingField
alternative label: Hd
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The magnetic field produced by the magnetization distribution of the sample itself.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demagnetizing_field
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255001

KneeField
type: Class
description: The maximum working field - also named knee field H_K, is defined as the reverse internal field for which the magnetization is reduced by 10%; thus it corresponds to the point on the magnetization loop for which M = 0.9 Mr (J = 0.9 Jr).
alternative label: KneeFieldInternal
alternative label: MaximumWorkingField
alternative label: Hk
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The maximum working field - also named knee field H_K, is defined as the reverse internal field for which the magnetization is reduced by 10%; thus it corresponds to the point on the magnetization loop for which M = 0.9 Mr (J = 0.9 Jr).

GrainSizeDistribution
type: Class
subclass of: Error26
subclass of: Error27
description: Function representing relative sizes of grains in a system. Given by its mean and standard deviation of a lognormal distribution
alternative label: ParticleSizeDistribution
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Function representing relative sizes of grains in a system. Given by its mean and standard deviation of a lognormal distribution
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle-size_distribution
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2054937

CubicMagnetocrystallineAnisotropy
type: Class
subclass of: Error17
subclass of: Error18
description: Cubic crystals anisotropy.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Cubic crystals anisotropy.

EasyAxisDistributionSigma
type: Class
description: Standard deviation of the grain misalignment angle in an ensembles of misaligned magnetic particles. This refers not only to isotropic magnets but also to partly aligned or textured magnets, where the easy-axis distribution is described by a function P(theta).
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Standard deviation of the grain misalignment angle in an ensembles of misaligned magnetic particles. This refers not only to isotropic magnets but also to partly aligned or textured magnets, where the easy-axis distribution is described by a function P(theta).

IntrinsicMagneticProperties
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Class
description: Intrinsic magnetic properties refer to atomic-scale magnetism and depend on the crystal structure.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Intrinsic magnetic properties refer to atomic-scale magnetism and depend on the crystal structure.

Grain
type: Class
subclass of: Error49
subclass of: Error50
subclass of: Error51
subclass of: Error52
description: A grain is a small or even microscopic crystal which forms, for example, during the cooling of many materials.
alternative label: Crystallite
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: A grain is a small or even microscopic crystal which forms, for example, during the cooling of many materials.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallite
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899604

EdxEnergy
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: The energy values at which the counts are measured during Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
alternative label: EDXEnergy
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The energy values at which the counts are measured during Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.

LatticeConstantAlpha
type: Class
description: The angle between lattice vectors `b` and `c`, where lattice vectors `a`, `b` and `c` define the unit cell.
alternative label: LatticeParameterAlpha
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The angle between lattice vectors `b` and `c`, where lattice vectors `a`, `b` and `c` define the unit cell.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625641

InternalMagneticField
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: The internal field in the sample in the continuous medium approximation is the sum of the external field H′ and the demagnetizing field Hd.
alternative label: H
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The internal field in the sample in the continuous medium approximation is the sum of the external field H′ and the demagnetizing field Hd.

SampleGeometry
type: Class
subclass of: Error24
subclass of: Error25
description: The size and shape of the magnet
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The size and shape of the magnet

LocalMokeData
type: Class
subclass of: Error63
description: Local MOKE data measured at a specific position.
alternative label: LocalMOKEData
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Local MOKE data measured at a specific position.

RectangularCuboid
type: Class
description: A rectangular cuboid is a special case of a cuboid with rectangular faces in which all of its dihedral angles are right angles.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: A rectangular cuboid is a special case of a cuboid with rectangular faces in which all of its dihedral angles are right angles.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectangular_cuboid
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q262959

EulerAngles
type: Class
subclass of: Error22
description: Three angles introduced by Leonhard Euler to describe the orientation of a rigid body with respect to a fixed coordinate system.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Three angles introduced by Leonhard Euler to describe the orientation of a rigid body with respect to a fixed coordinate system.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751290

SwitchingFieldCoercivity
type: Class
description: Defined by the maximum slope of the descending branch of the M-H hysteresis loop, with H the internal field.
comment: This field is often used when analysing the temperature dependent coercivity for deriving microstructural parameters.
alternative label: Hsw
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Defined by the maximum slope of the descending branch of the M-H hysteresis loop, with H the internal field.

MagnetocrystallineAnisotropy
type: Class
subclass of: Error95
description: Magnetocrystalline anisotropy is an intrinsic property. The magnetisation process is different when the field is applied along different crystallographic directions, and the anisotropy reflects the crystal symmetry. Its origin is in the crystal-field interaction and spin-orbit coupling, or else the interatomic dipole–dipole interaction.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Magnetocrystalline anisotropy is an intrinsic property. The magnetisation process is different when the field is applied along different crystallographic directions, and the anisotropy reflects the crystal symmetry. Its origin is in the crystal-field interaction and spin-orbit coupling, or else the interatomic dipole–dipole interaction.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetocrystalline_anisotropy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6731660

LocalReflectivity
type: Class
subclass of: Error105
description: Local reflectivity measured with the magneto-optic Kerr effect.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Local reflectivity measured with the magneto-optic Kerr effect.

MagnetocrystallineAnisotropyConstantK2c
type: Class
description: The magnetocrystalline constant K2c for cubic crystals.
comment: Ea = K1c(a1²a2²+a2²a3²+a1²a3²)+K2c(a1²a2²a3²) where Ea is the anisotropy energy density and a1,a2,a3 are the direction cosines of the magnetization
alternative label: K2c
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The magnetocrystalline constant K2c for cubic crystals.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetocrystalline_anisotropy

ProfilDistance
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: The distance values along the scan direction during profilometry measurement.
alternative label: PROFILDistance
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The distance values along the scan direction during profilometry measurement.

MagneticMaterial
type: Class
subclass of: Error112
subclass of: Error113
subclass of: Error114
description: Magnetically ordered solids which have atomic magnetic moments due to unpaired electrons.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Magnetically ordered solids which have atomic magnetic moments due to unpaired electrons.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11587827

LocalLatticeConstantA
type: Class
subclass of: Error69
description: The length of lattice vectors `a`, where lattice vectors `a`, `b` and `c` defines the unit cell, measured locally.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The length of lattice vectors `a`, where lattice vectors `a`, `b` and `c` defines the unit cell, measured locally.

Xrd2dImage
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: 2D array containing all pixel intensities from a 2D XRD camera. This is the raw XRD data from which 1D spectra are obtained.
alternative label: XRD2DImage
alternative label: XRD2dImage
alternative label: Xrd2DImage
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: 2D array containing all pixel intensities from a 2D XRD camera. This is the raw XRD data from which 1D spectra are obtained.

AnisotropyField
type: Class
description: The anisotropy field Ha is defined as the field needed to saturate the magnetization of a uniaxial crystal in a hard direction. Ha = 2 Ku/Js
comment: Beware of taking the idea of anisotropy field too literally. Except at small angles, the energy variation in a field is not the same as the leading term in the anisotropy. A magnetic field defines an easy direction, not an easy axis.
alternative label: Ha
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The anisotropy field Ha is defined as the field needed to saturate the magnetization of a uniaxial crystal in a hard direction. Ha = 2 Ku/Js

GranularMicrostructure
type: Class
subclass of: Error107
subclass of: Error108
subclass of: Error109
description: The granular structure of a magnetic materials.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The granular structure of a magnetic materials.

BulkMagnet
type: Class
subclass of: Error6
subclass of: Error7
subclass of: Error8
description: Piece of matter made of one or more magnetic material.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Piece of matter made of one or more magnetic material.

LocalAnnealingTime
type: Class
subclass of: Error23
description: Local annealing time (duration) from heat treatment such as Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA).
alternative label: LocalAnnealingDuration
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Local annealing time (duration) from heat treatment such as Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA).

Reflectivity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: Capacity of an object to reflect light.
alternative label: Reflectance
alternative label: R
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Capacity of an object to reflect light.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflectance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650

ExternalSusceptibility
type: Class
description: Ratio of the change of magnetization and the external field: M = chi' H'.
alternative label: chi'
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Ratio of the change of magnetization and the external field: M = chi' H'.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691463

ExternalMagneticField
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: The external field H′, acting on a sample that is produced by electric currents or the stray field of magnets outside the sample volume, is often called the applied field.
alternative label: AppliedMagneticField
alternative label: H'
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The external field H′, acting on a sample that is produced by electric currents or the stray field of magnets outside the sample volume, is often called the applied field.

SpontaneousMagneticPolarization
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: The spontaneous magnetic polarization, Js, of a ferromagnet is the result of alignment of the magnetic moments of individual atoms. Js exists within a domain of a ferromagnet.
alternative label: SpontaneousMagneticPolarisation
alternative label: Js
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The spontaneous magnetic polarization, Js, of a ferromagnet is the result of alignment of the magnetic moments of individual atoms. Js exists within a domain of a ferromagnet.

LocalLatticeConstantC
type: Class
subclass of: Error106
description: The length of lattice vectors `c`, where lattice vectors `a`, `b` and `c` defines the unit cell, measured locally.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The length of lattice vectors `c`, where lattice vectors `a`, `b` and `c` defines the unit cell, measured locally.

AmpereSquareMeterPerKilogram
type: Class
description: Unit of the magnetic moment per unit mass: Am²/kg.
alternative label: AmpereSquareMetrePerKilogram
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Unit of the magnetic moment per unit mass: Am²/kg.

XrdCounts
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: Counts as a function of 2theta angle obtained from X-ray diffraction.
alternative label: XRDCounts
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Counts as a function of 2theta angle obtained from X-ray diffraction.

MaximumEnergyProduct
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: The value of the maximum energy product (BH)max is deduced from a plot of BH(B) for all points of the second quadrant of the B-H hysteresis loop. BH varies with B going through a maximum value (BH)max for a particular value of B. (BH)max equals the area of the largest second-quadrant rectangle which fits under the B-H loop. The maximum energy product is considered to be the best single index of quality of a permanent magnet material. It is twice the energy stored in the stray field of the magnet of optimal shape.
alternative label: (BH)max
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The value of the maximum energy product (BH)max is deduced from a plot of BH(B) for all points of the second quadrant of the B-H hysteresis loop. BH varies with B going through a maximum value (BH)max for a particular value of B. (BH)max equals the area of the largest second-quadrant rectangle which fits under the B-H loop. The maximum energy product is considered to be the best single index of quality of a permanent magnet material. It is twice the energy stored in the stray field of the magnet of optimal shape.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_energy_product

EdxData
type: Class
subclass of: Error32
subclass of: Error33
description: Counts as a function of energy obtained from Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
alternative label: EDXData
alternative label: EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopyData
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Counts as a function of energy obtained from Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.

MagnetocrystallineAnisotropyEnergy
type: Class
description: The magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy density.
alternative label: MAE
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy density.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetocrystalline_anisotropy

InducedMagneticAnisotropy
type: Class
description: Uniaxial anisotropy induced by annealing in a magnetic field or by applying a stress.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Uniaxial anisotropy induced by annealing in a magnetic field or by applying a stress.

LatticeConstantA
type: Class
description: The length of lattice vectors `a`, where lattice vectors `a`, `b` and `c` define the unit cell.
alternative label: LatticeParameterA
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The length of lattice vectors `a`, where lattice vectors `a`, `b` and `c` define the unit cell.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice_constant
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625641
IECEntry: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display

LocalThickness
type: Class
subclass of: Error1
description: The thickness of the film measured locally.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The thickness of the film measured locally.

LoopSquareness
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
description: The external loop squareness is defined as the ratio of the remanent polarisation over the saturation polarisation (SS = RemanentMagneticPolarization / SaturationMagneticPolarization).
alternative label: SS
alternative label: Squareness
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The external loop squareness is defined as the ratio of the remanent polarisation over the saturation polarisation (SS = RemanentMagneticPolarization / SaturationMagneticPolarization).

ShapeAnisotropy
type: Class
subclass of: Error70
subclass of: Error71
description: The difference in magnetostatic energy when an elongated particle is magnetized along its short and long axis.
comment: Shape anisotropy is restricted to small particles, where the inter-atomic exchange ensures a uniform magnetization.
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The difference in magnetostatic energy when an elongated particle is magnetized along its short and long axis.

CoercivityHcExternal
type: Class
description: The external magnetic field -H'c at which the macroscopic magnetization vanishes. The coercivity on M(H') loop, where H' is the external field.
alternative label: H'c
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: The external magnetic field -H'c at which the macroscopic magnetization vanishes. The coercivity on M(H') loop, where H' is the external field.

LocalMassPercent
type: Class
subclass of: Error104
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Percent
description: Local mass percentage obtained from EDX quantification.
alternative label: LocalWeightPercent
alternative label: wt.%
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: Local mass percentage obtained from EDX quantification.

qualified cardinality: 1

min qualified cardinality: 0

min qualified cardinality: 0

min qualified cardinality: 0

qualified cardinality: 1

min qualified cardinality: 0

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

min qualified cardinality: 0

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

min qualified cardinality: 0

min qualified cardinality: 0

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qualified cardinality: 1

min qualified cardinality: 0

min qualified cardinality: 0

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min qualified cardinality: 0

qualified cardinality: 1

min qualified cardinality: 0

qualified cardinality: 1

min qualified cardinality: 0

qualified cardinality: 1

min qualified cardinality: 0

min qualified cardinality: 0

min qualified cardinality: 0

min qualified cardinality: 0

min qualified cardinality: 0

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qualified cardinality: 1

min qualified cardinality: 0

min qualified cardinality: 0

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min qualified cardinality: 0

min qualified cardinality: 0

min qualified cardinality: 0

min qualified cardinality: 0

min qualified cardinality: 0

min qualified cardinality: 0

min qualified cardinality: 0

min qualified cardinality: 0

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qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

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min qualified cardinality: 0

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qualified cardinality: 3

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

min qualified cardinality: 0

min qualified cardinality: 0

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

min qualified cardinality: 0

qualified cardinality: 1

min qualified cardinality: 0

min qualified cardinality: 0

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

min qualified cardinality: 0

min qualified cardinality: 0

min qualified cardinality: 0

qualified cardinality: 1

min qualified cardinality: 0

qualified cardinality: 1

min qualified cardinality: 0

min qualified cardinality: 0

min qualified cardinality: 0

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

min qualified cardinality: 0

min qualified cardinality: 0

qualified cardinality: 1

min qualified cardinality: 0

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 3

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

min qualified cardinality: 0

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

min qualified cardinality: 0

min qualified cardinality: 0

qualified cardinality: 1

qualified cardinality: 1

https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b23e7251_a488_4732_8268_027ad76d7e37
alternative label: Magnetisation
alternative label: Magnetization
alternative label: VolumeMagnetisation
alternative label: VolumeMagnetization