@prefix : <http://emmo.info/emmo/emmo-inferred#> .
@prefix annotations: <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix isq: <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/isq#> .
@prefix mereotopology: <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix xml: <http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

<http://emmo.info/emmo> a owl:Ontology ;
    dcterms:abstract """European Materials & Modelling Ontology (EMMO)

EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies.

It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world.

EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)."""@en ;
    dcterms:contributor "Access, DE",
        "Fraunhofer IWM, DE",
        "Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK)",
        "SINTEF, NO",
        "University of Bologna, IT" ;
    dcterms:creator "Adham Hashibon",
        "Emanuele Ghedini",
        "Georg Schmitz",
        "Gerhard Goldbeck",
        "Jesper Friis" ;
    dcterms:license "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" ;
    dcterms:publisher "EMMC ASBL" ;
    dcterms:title "European Materials & Modelling Ontology"@en ;
    rdfs:comment """Contacts:
Gerhard Goldbeck
Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK)
email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com

Emanuele Ghedini
University of Bologna (IT)
email: emanuele.ghedini@unibo.it"""@en,
        "The EMMO requires FacT++ reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege)."@en ;
    owl:versionIRI <http://emmo.info/emmo/1.0.0-beta> ;
    owl:versionInfo "1.0.0-beta" .

isq:EMMO_0329f1f5_8339_4ce4_8505_a264c6d606ba a owl:Class ;
    isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Velocity" ;
    annotations:EMMO_50c298c2_55a2_4068_b3ac_4e948c33181f "http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-32" ;
    annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 """Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector.

-- ISO 80000-3"""@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_8de5d5bf_db1c_40ac_b698_095ba3b18578 "3‑10.1" ;
    rdfs:comment """The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description.

-- IEC, note 2"""@en,
        """The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave.

-- IEC, note 1"""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_81369540_1b0e_471b_9bae_6801af22800e ;
    skos:prefLabel "Velocity"@en .

isq:EMMO_04b3300c_98bd_42dc_a3b5_e6c29d69f1ac a owl:Class ;
    isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MoleFraction" ;
    annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Mole_fraction" ;
    annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_e55f2d7c_9893_48cd_b4a4_fdf38253bd20 "http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/AmountOfSubstanceFraction" ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_f76f5a24_d703_4e8c_b368_f9a7777cb73a> ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_67fc0a36_8dcb_4ffa_9a43_31074efa3296> ],
        isq:EMMO_faab3f84_e475_4a46_af9c_7d249f0b9aef ;
    skos:altLabel "MoleFraction"@en ;
    skos:prefLabel "AmountFraction"@en .

isq:EMMO_04cc9451_5306_45d0_8554_22cee4d6e785 a owl:Class ;
    isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Inductance" ;
    annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Inductance" ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_2946d40b_24a1_47fa_8176_e3f79bb45064 ;
    skos:altLabel "Inductance"@en ;
    skos:prefLabel "ElectricInductance"@en .

isq:EMMO_04cf0295_3e8f_4693_a87f_3130d125cf05 a owl:Class ;
    isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Weight" ;
    annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Weight" ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668" ;
    rdfs:comment "Force of gravity acting on a body."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_1f087811_06cb_42d5_90fb_25d0e7e068ef ;
    skos:prefLabel "Weight"@en .

isq:EMMO_07de47e0_6bb6_45b9_b55a_4f238efbb105 a owl:Class ;
    isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicNumber" ;
    annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Atomic_number" ;
    annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "Number of protons in an atomic nucleus."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_ba882f34_0d71_4e4f_9d92_0c076c633a2c ;
    skos:prefLabel "AtomicNumber"@en .

isq:EMMO_0a88be81_343d_4388_92c1_09228ff95ada a owl:Class ;
    isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855" ;
    rdfs:comment "The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_5ebd5e01_0ed3_49a2_a30d_cd05cbe72978> ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_67fc0a36_8dcb_4ffa_9a43_31074efa3296> ],
        isq:EMMO_faab3f84_e475_4a46_af9c_7d249f0b9aef ;
    skos:prefLabel "Probability"@en .

isq:EMMO_12d4ba9b_2f89_4ea3_b206_cd376f96c875 a owl:Class ;
    isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Heat" ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752" ;
    rdfs:comment "Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_31ec09ba_1713_42cb_83c7_b38bf6f9ced2 ;
    skos:prefLabel "Heat"@en .

isq:EMMO_16f2fe60_2db7_43ca_8fee_5b3e416bfe87 a owl:Class ;
    isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentration" ;
    annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_concentration_(chemistry)" ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713" ;
    rdfs:comment "Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_06448f64_8db6_4304_8b2c_e785dba82044 ;
    skos:prefLabel "MassConcentration"@en .

isq:EMMO_176cae33_b83e_4cd2_a6bc_281f42f0ccc8 a owl:Class ;
    isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0" ;
    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/AvogadroConstant" ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole.

It defines the base unit mole in the SI system."""@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_a9b3d04c_7ceb_40a2_b8d3_28d514a770a8 "https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?na" ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543" ;
    rdfs:comment "The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_f2ca6dd0_0e5f_4392_a92d_cafdae6cfc95 ;
    skos:prefLabel "AvogadroConstant"@en .

isq:EMMO_1a179ce4_3724_47f8_bee5_6292e3ac9942 a owl:Class ;
    isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment" ;
    annotations:EMMO_50c298c2_55a2_4068_b3ac_4e948c33181f "http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35",
        "http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-36" ;
    annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_dipole_moment" ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_e55f2d7c_9893_48cd_b4a4_fdf38253bd20 "http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/ElectricDipoleMoment" ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_2946d40b_24a1_47fa_8176_e3f79bb45064 ;
    skos:prefLabel "ElectricDipoleMoment"@en .

isq:EMMO_1e7603a7_1365_49b8_b5e5_3711c8e6b904 a owl:Class ;
    isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
    annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Vergence" ;
    rdfs:comment "In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_2946d40b_24a1_47fa_8176_e3f79bb45064 ;
    skos:prefLabel "Vergence"@en .

isq:EMMO_27367073_ed8a_481a_9b07_f836dfe31f7f a owl:Class ;
    isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
    annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "The mass of an atom in the ground state."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass" ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496" ;
    rdfs:comment "Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms  (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number."@en,
        "The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_ed4af7ae_63a2_497e_bb88_2309619ea405 ;
    skos:prefLabel "AtomicMass"@en .

isq:EMMO_3b931698_937e_49be_ab1b_36fa52d91181 a owl:Class ;
    isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux" ;
    annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux" ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_2946d40b_24a1_47fa_8176_e3f79bb45064 ;
    skos:prefLabel "MagneticFlux"@en .

isq:EMMO_3df10765_f6ff_4c9e_be3d_10b1809d78bd a owl:Class ;
    isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalent" ;
    annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Energy" ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_2946d40b_24a1_47fa_8176_e3f79bb45064 ;
    skos:prefLabel "DoseEquivalent"@en .

isq:EMMO_3ecff38b_b3cf_4a78_b49f_8580abf8715b a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_9895a1b4_f0a5_4167_ac5e_97db40b8bfcc> ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue "T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0" ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_23b579e1_8088_45b5_9975_064014026c42> ] ;
    skos:prefLabel "EntropyDimension"@en .

isq:EMMO_4091d5ec_a4df_42b9_a073_9a090839279f a owl:Class ;
    isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Enthalpy" ;
    annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Enthalpy" ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141" ;
    rdfs:comment "Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_31ec09ba_1713_42cb_83c7_b38bf6f9ced2 ;
    skos:prefLabel "Enthalpy"@en .

isq:EMMO_43776fc9_d712_4571_85f0_72183678039a a owl:Class ;
    isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Momentum" ;
    annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Momentum" ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007" ;
    rdfs:comment "Product of mass and velocity."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_2946d40b_24a1_47fa_8176_e3f79bb45064 ;
    skos:prefLabel "Momentum"@en .

isq:EMMO_44fc8c60_7a9c_49af_a046_e1878c88862c a owl:Class ;
    isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectronMass" ;
    annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Electron_rest_mass" ;
    annotations:EMMO_a9b3d04c_7ceb_40a2_b8d3_28d514a770a8 "https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?me" ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008" ;
    rdfs:comment "The rest mass of an electron."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_ed4af7ae_63a2_497e_bb88_2309619ea405,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_3f15d200_c97b_42c8_8ac0_d81d150361e2> ;
    skos:prefLabel "ElectronMass"@en .

isq:EMMO_4c151909_6f26_4ef9_b43d_7c9e9514883a a owl:Class ;
    isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PotentialEnergy" ;
    annotations:EMMO_50c298c2_55a2_4068_b3ac_4e948c33181f "http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-48" ;
    annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Potential_energy" ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_e55f2d7c_9893_48cd_b4a4_fdf38253bd20 "http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/PotentialEnergy" ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_31ec09ba_1713_42cb_83c7_b38bf6f9ced2 ;
    skos:prefLabel "PotentialEnergy"@en .

isq:EMMO_4f2d3939_91b1_4001_b8ab_7d19074bf845 a owl:Class ;
    isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Voltage" ;
    annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Voltage" ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424" ;
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where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density.

-- ISO 80000"""@en ;
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    rdfs:comment """Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. 

Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity."""@en ;
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        "MolarConcentration"@en,
        "Molarity"@en ;
    skos:prefLabel "AmountConcentration"@en .

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    annotations:EMMO_a9b3d04c_7ceb_40a2_b8d3_28d514a770a8 "https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?alph" ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389" ;
    rdfs:comment "A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_3f15d200_c97b_42c8_8ac0_d81d150361e2> ;
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    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/NewtonianConstantOfGravitation" ;
    annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Gravitational_constant" ;
    annotations:EMMO_a9b3d04c_7ceb_40a2_b8d3_28d514a770a8 "https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?bg" ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695" ;
    rdfs:comment "Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_3f15d200_c97b_42c8_8ac0_d81d150361e2> ;
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    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassNumber" ;
    annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_ba882f34_0d71_4e4f_9d92_0c076c633a2c ;
    skos:altLabel "AtomicMassNumber",
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    skos:prefLabel "MassNumber"@en .

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    annotations:EMMO_a9b3d04c_7ceb_40a2_b8d3_28d514a770a8 "https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mu0" ;
    rdfs:comment "The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability,  https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant."@en,
        "The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_09663630_1b84_4202_91e6_e641104f579e,
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See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this "regex" string."""@en ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:comment ;
    skos:prefLabel "physicalDimension"@en .

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    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistivity" ;
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    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316" ;
    rdfs:comment "Electric field strength divided by the current density."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_2946d40b_24a1_47fa_8176_e3f79bb45064 ;
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    skos:prefLabel "ElectricResistivity"@en .

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    annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Luminous_flux" ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Perceived power of light."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_2946d40b_24a1_47fa_8176_e3f79bb45064 ;
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    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051" ;
    rdfs:comment "Derivative of velocity with respect to time."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_2946d40b_24a1_47fa_8176_e3f79bb45064 ;
    skos:prefLabel "Acceleration"@en .

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    annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Radiant_flux" ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046" ;
    rdfs:comment "The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_09b9021b_f97b_43eb_b83d_0a764b472bc2 ;
    skos:prefLabel "RadiantFlux"@en .

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It defines the base unit second in the SI system."""@en ;
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    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant.

It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system."""@en ;
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    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695" ;
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    rdfs:comment """From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive.

Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide\""""@en ;
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An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class."""@en,
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Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state.

e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant)."""@en ;
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In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons."""@en,
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A circle on a paper sheet.
The Mona Lisa."""@en ;
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In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word).

If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat."""@en ;
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A color is a nominal property.

Sex of a human being."""@en ;
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"A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means."

International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)"""@en ;
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Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology."""@en ;
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-- SI Brochure"""@en ;
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The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used.

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)]"""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1> ;
    skos:prefLabel "PhaseOfMatter"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_8f87e700_99a8_4427_8ffb_e493de05c217> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_50781fd9_a9e4_46ad_b7be_4500371d188d> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Proton"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_94010cbc_c2a6_4cb9_b29a_83aa99d2ff70> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_560d833a_6184_410c_859a_05d982712fd7> ;
    skos:prefLabel "LiquidAerosol"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_96c8d72f_b436_44e2_9f7f_085c24094292> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_560d833a_6184_410c_859a_05d982712fd7> ;
    skos:prefLabel "SolidAerosol"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_c457b6b9_5e73_4853_ae08_d776c12b8058> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_4a464c8d_8895_44a8_a628_aed13509f1bd>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_a2b006f2_bbfd_4dba_bcaa_3fca20cd6be1> ;
    skos:prefLabel "SolidGasSuspension"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_db03061b_db31_4132_a47a_6a634846578b> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number."@en ;
    rdfs:comment "The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing,"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_2fd3f574_5e93_47fe_afca_ed80b0a21ab4> ;
    skos:prefLabel "IonAtom"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_df808271_df91_4f27_ba59_fa423c51896c> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_50781fd9_a9e4_46ad_b7be_4500371d188d> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Neutron"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_e9e02156_651f_41c8_9efb_d5da0d4ce5e2> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Mud"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_4a464c8d_8895_44a8_a628_aed13509f1bd>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_7509da43_56b1_4d7f_887a_65d1663df4ba> ;
    skos:prefLabel "LiquidSolidSuspension"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_f835f4d4_c665_403d_ab25_dca5cc74be52> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_b2282816_b7a3_44c6_b2cb_3feff1ceb7fe> ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_50781fd9_a9e4_46ad_b7be_4500371d188d> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_7d66bde4_b68d_41cc_b5fc_6fd98c5e2ff0>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_36c79456_e29c_400d_8bd3_0eedddb82652> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Nucleus"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_29afdf54_90ae_4c98_8845_fa9ea3f143a8> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt.

The definition of density as mass/volume.

y = f(x)"""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_e56ee3eb_7609_4ae1_8bed_51974f0960a6> ;
    skos:prefLabel "DefiningEquation"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_ae15fb4f_8e4d_41de_a0f9_3997f89ba6a2> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'varaible' that stand for a well known constant."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "π refers to the constant number ~3.14"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_4ce76d7f_03f8_45b6_9003_90052a79bfaa> ;
            owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_3446e167_c576_49d6_846c_215bb8878a55> ] ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_1eed0732_e3f1_4b2c_a9c4_b4e75eeb5895> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Constant"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_62f0d847_3603_45b4_bfc4_dd4511355ff2> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Measurement unit obtained by multiplying a given measurement unit by an integer greater than one."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_c6d4a5e0_7e95_44df_a6db_84ee0a8bbc8e> ;
    skos:prefLabel "MultipleUnit"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_8ef3cd6d_ae58_4a8d_9fc0_ad8f49015cd0> a owl:AsymmetricProperty,
        owl:InverseFunctionalProperty,
        owl:IrreflexiveProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:comment "Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood."@en ;
    rdfs:domain <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_f658c301_ce93_46cf_9639_4eace2c5d1d5> ;
    rdfs:range <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_4ce76d7f_03f8_45b6_9003_90052a79bfaa> ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_b2282816_b7a3_44c6_b2cb_3feff1ceb7fe> ;
    skos:prefLabel "hasQuantityValue"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_a2f94f33_71fa_443c_a1fb_d1685fc537ec> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Measurement unit obtained by dividing a given measurement unit by an integer greater than one."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_c6d4a5e0_7e95_44df_a6db_84ee0a8bbc8e> ;
    skos:prefLabel "SubMultipleUnit"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_c46f091c_0420_4c1a_af30_0a2c8ebcf7d7> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """"Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist"
International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)"""@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """Hardness
Resilience"""@en ;
    rdfs:comment """"Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only."
International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)"""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_f658c301_ce93_46cf_9639_4eace2c5d1d5> ;
    skos:prefLabel "OrdinalQuantity"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_27c5d8c6_8af7_4d63_beb1_ec37cd8b3fa3> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """The Newton's equation of motion.

The Schrödinger equation.

The Navier-Stokes equation."""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_24c71baf_6db6_48b9_86c8_8c70cf36db0c> ] ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_314d0bd5_67ed_437e_a609_36d46147cea7> ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_b2282816_b7a3_44c6_b2cb_3feff1ceb7fe> ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_02c0621e_a527_4790_8a0f_2bb51973c819> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_e56ee3eb_7609_4ae1_8bed_51974f0960a6>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_f7ed665b_c2e1_42bc_889b_6b42ed3a36f0> ;
    skos:prefLabel "PhysicsEquation"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_8d2d9374_ef3a_47e6_8595_6bc208e07519> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'."@en ;
    rdfs:comment """The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'.

It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'.

In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument"""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_35d2e130_6e01_41ed_94f7_00b333d46cf9> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Theory"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_e5438930_04e7_4d42_ade5_3700d4a52ab7> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables)."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """The Lennard-Jones potential.

A force field.

An Hamiltonian."""@en ;
    rdfs:comment "A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_b2282816_b7a3_44c6_b2cb_3feff1ceb7fe> ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_02c0621e_a527_4790_8a0f_2bb51973c819> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_e56ee3eb_7609_4ae1_8bed_51974f0960a6> ;
    skos:prefLabel "MaterialRelation"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_0ab0485c_9e5b_4257_a679_90a2dfba5c7c> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_b5957cef_a287_442d_a3ce_fd39f20ba1cd> ;
    skos:prefLabel "0-manifold"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_46f0f8df_4dc6_418f_8036_10427a3a288e> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_b5957cef_a287_442d_a3ce_fd39f20ba1cd> ;
    skos:prefLabel "3-manifold"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_251cfb4f_5c75_4778_91ed_6c8395212fd8> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Property' that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """The beauty of that girl.
The style of your clothing."""@en ;
    rdfs:comment """The word subjective means that a non-well defined or an unknown procedure is used for the definition of the property.

This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. 

A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s.

e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis."""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba> ;
    skos:prefLabel "SubjectiveProperty"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_873b0ab3_88e6_4054_b901_5531e01f14a4> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_dd4a7f3e_ef56_466c_ac1a_d2716b5f87ec> ;
    skos:prefLabel "MeasuredQuantitativeProperty"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_d0200cf1_e4f4_45ae_873f_b9359daea3cd> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_dd4a7f3e_ef56_466c_ac1a_d2716b5f87ec> ;
    skos:prefLabel "ModelledQuantitativeProperty"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_d8aa8e1f_b650_416d_88a0_5118de945456> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory.

If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process.

Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes."""@en ;
    rdfs:comment "A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_dd4a7f3e_ef56_466c_ac1a_d2716b5f87ec> ;
    skos:prefLabel "ConventionalQuantitativeProperty"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_f2d5d3ad_2e00_417f_8849_686f3988d929> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_1b52ee70_121e_4d8d_8419_3f97cd0bd89c> ;
    skos:prefLabel "MeasurementInstrument"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_2337e25c_3c60_43fc_a8f9_b11a3f974291> a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The generic EMMO semiotical relation."@en ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf [ owl:inverseOf mereotopology:EMMO_ec2472ae_cf4a_46a5_8555_1556f5a6c3c5 ],
        mereotopology:EMMO_ec2472ae_cf4a_46a5_8555_1556f5a6c3c5 ;
    skos:prefLabel "semiotical"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_39c3815d_8cae_4c8f_b2ff_eeba24bec455> a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:range <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168> ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_60577dea_9019_4537_ac41_80b0fb563d41> ;
    skos:prefLabel "hasIcon"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_00199e76_69dc_45b6_a9c6_98cc90cdc0f5> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GRAY" ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02696" ;
    rdfs:comment "Measurement unit for absorbed dose."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_bed1d005_b04e_4a90_94cf_02bc678a8569> ;
            owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_847f1d9f_205e_46c1_8cb6_a9e479421f88 ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue "Gy" ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_23b579e1_8088_45b5_9975_064014026c42> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_e9ffc696_5228_4ff9_8a60_0f5e05e9931b> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Gray"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_068c4e58_2470_4b1c_8454_010dd4906100> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue "p" ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_23b579e1_8088_45b5_9975_064014026c42> ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Restriction ;
                    owl:hasValue 1E-12.0 ;
                    owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_faf79f53_749d_40b2_807c_d34244c192f4> ] ;
            owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_3446e167_c576_49d6_846c_215bb8878a55> ] ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_471cb92b_edca_4cf9_bce8_a75084d876b8> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Pico"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_080052a1_f295_44be_a60f_1326ce13f1ba> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W" ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06656" ;
    rdfs:comment "Measurement unit for power."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_bed1d005_b04e_4a90_94cf_02bc678a8569> ;
            owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_c8d084ad_f88e_4596_8e4d_982c6655ce6f ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue "W" ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_23b579e1_8088_45b5_9975_064014026c42> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_e9ffc696_5228_4ff9_8a60_0f5e05e9931b> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Watt"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_1181c938_c8f0_4ad6_bc7a_2bfdc0903d29> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Restriction ;
                    owl:hasValue 0.1 ;
                    owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_faf79f53_749d_40b2_807c_d34244c192f4> ] ;
            owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_3446e167_c576_49d6_846c_215bb8878a55> ] ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue "d" ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_23b579e1_8088_45b5_9975_064014026c42> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_471cb92b_edca_4cf9_bce8_a75084d876b8> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Deci"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_1d8b370b_c672_4d0c_964e_eaafcbf2f51f> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue "da" ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_23b579e1_8088_45b5_9975_064014026c42> ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Restriction ;
                    owl:hasValue 1E+1.0 ;
                    owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_faf79f53_749d_40b2_807c_d34244c192f4> ] ;
            owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_3446e167_c576_49d6_846c_215bb8878a55> ] ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_471cb92b_edca_4cf9_bce8_a75084d876b8> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Deka"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_21aaefc1_3f86_4208_b7db_a755f31f0f8c> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
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The value of a ratio in nepers is given by `ln(x1/x2)` where `x1` and `x2` are the values of interest (amplitudes), and ln is the natural logarithm. When the values are quadratic in the amplitude (e.g. power), they are first linearised by taking the square root before the logarithm is taken, or equivalently the result is halved.

Wikipedia"""@en ;
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            owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_02e894c3_b793_4197_b120_3442e08f58d1 ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue "min" ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_23b579e1_8088_45b5_9975_064014026c42> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_591e02fd_8d37_45a6_9d11_bb21cef391a0>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_6795a4b8_ffd0_4588_a581_a9413fe49cac> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Minute"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_d6eb0176_a0d7_4b4e_8df0_50e912be2342> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HA" ;
    annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Hectare" ;
    annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "A non-SI metric unit of area defined as the square with 100-metre sides."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hectare" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_bed1d005_b04e_4a90_94cf_02bc678a8569> ;
            owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_33433bb1_c68f_45ee_a466_f01e2c57b214 ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue "ha" ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_23b579e1_8088_45b5_9975_064014026c42> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_591e02fd_8d37_45a6_9d11_bb21cef391a0>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_6795a4b8_ffd0_4588_a581_a9413fe49cac> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Hectare"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_e29f84db_4c1c_46ae_aa38_c4d47536b972> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/EV" ;
    annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Electronvolt" ;
    annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "The amount of energy gained (or lost) by the charge of a single electron moving across an electric potential difference of one volt."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02014" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_bed1d005_b04e_4a90_94cf_02bc678a8569> ;
            owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_f6070071_d054_4b17_9d2d_f446f7147d0f ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue "eV" ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_23b579e1_8088_45b5_9975_064014026c42> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_591e02fd_8d37_45a6_9d11_bb21cef391a0>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_6795a4b8_ffd0_4588_a581_a9413fe49cac> ;
    skos:prefLabel "ElectronVolt"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_e7bc8939_7ff8_4917_beb5_c42730b390f3> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Unit for refractive index."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_c2f5ee66_579c_44c6_a2e9_fa2eaa9fa4da> ;
    skos:prefLabel "SpeedFractionUnit"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_f76f5a24_d703_4e8c_b368_f9a7777cb73a> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Unit for amount fraction."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_c2f5ee66_579c_44c6_a2e9_fa2eaa9fa4da> ;
    skos:prefLabel "AmountFractionUnit"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_f8b92999_3cde_46e3_99d5_664da3090a02> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/TON_M" ;
    annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "A non-SI unit defined as 1000 kg."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonne" ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06394" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue "t" ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_23b579e1_8088_45b5_9975_064014026c42> ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_bed1d005_b04e_4a90_94cf_02bc678a8569> ;
            owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_77e9dc31_5b19_463e_b000_44c6e79f98aa ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_591e02fd_8d37_45a6_9d11_bb21cef391a0>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_6795a4b8_ffd0_4588_a581_a9413fe49cac> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Tonne"@en .

mereotopology:EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of 'EMMO' individuals that stand for real world objects that can't be further divided in time nor in space."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """For a physics based ontology the 'Quantum' can stand for the smallest identifiable portion of spacetime defined by the Planck limit in length (1.616e-35 m) and time (5.39e-44 s).

However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a 'Quantum' can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity."""@en ;
    rdfs:comment """A 'Quantum' is the most fundamental subclass of 'Item', since its individuals stand for the smallest possible self-connected 4D real world objects.

The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle."""@en,
        "A 'Quantum' stands for a 4D real world object."@en,
        """A quantum is the EMMO mereological 4D a-tomic entity. 

To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of a-tomistic mereology."""@en,
        "From Latin quantum (plural quanta) \"as much as, so much as;\", introduced in physics directly from Latin by Max Planck, 1900."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom owl:Nothing ;
            owl:onProperty mereotopology:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ],
        mereotopology:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf,
        mereotopology:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ;
    skos:prefLabel "Quantum"@en .

mereotopology:EMMO_6b7276a4_4b9d_440a_b577_0277539c0fc4 a owl:AsymmetricProperty,
        owl:IrreflexiveProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:domain mereotopology:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ;
    rdfs:range mereotopology:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf mereotopology:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ;
    skos:prefLabel "hasMember"@en .

mereotopology:EMMO_8c898653_1118_4682_9bbf_6cc334d16a99 a owl:ObjectProperty,
        owl:TransitiveProperty ;
    rdfs:comment "Enclosure is reflexive and transitive."@en ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf [ owl:inverseOf mereotopology:EMMO_6703954e_34c4_4a15_a9e7_f313760ae1a8 ],
        mereotopology:EMMO_6703954e_34c4_4a15_a9e7_f313760ae1a8 ;
    skos:prefLabel "encloses"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_6e046dd0_9634_4013_b2b1_9cc468087c83> a owl:ObjectProperty,
        owl:TransitiveProperty ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A relation that isolates a proper part that extends itself in time through a portion of the lifetime whole." ;
    rdfs:domain mereotopology:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ;
    rdfs:range mereotopology:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf mereotopology:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ;
    skos:prefLabel "hasSpatioTemporalPart"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_0277f24a_ea7f_4917_81b7_fb0406c8fc62> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A union of classes that categorize physicals under a holistic perspective: the interest is on the whole 4D object (process) and the role of its 4D parts (participants) without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part."@en ;
    rdfs:comment """An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need of a granularity hierarchy (in time or space).

A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred.

This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition."""@en,
        "Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos \"all, whole, entire\")"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/top#EMMO_49267eba_5548_4163_8f36_518d65b583f9> ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_49804605_c0fe_4538_abda_f70ba1dc8a5d> ) ] ;
    skos:prefLabel "Holistic"@en .

isq:EMMO_14ff4393_0f28_4fb4_abc7_c2cc00bc761d a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_9895a1b4_f0a5_4167_ac5e_97db40b8bfcc> ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1" ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_23b579e1_8088_45b5_9975_064014026c42> ] ;
    skos:prefLabel "LuminousIntensityDimension"@en .

isq:EMMO_1604f495_328a_4f28_9962_f4cc210739dd a owl:Class ;
    isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCharge" ;
    annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_charge" ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_2946d40b_24a1_47fa_8176_e3f79bb45064 ;
    skos:altLabel "Charge"@en ;
    skos:prefLabel "ElectricCharge"@en .

isq:EMMO_33433bb1_c68f_45ee_a466_f01e2c57b214 a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue "T0 L2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_23b579e1_8088_45b5_9975_064014026c42> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_9895a1b4_f0a5_4167_ac5e_97db40b8bfcc> ;
    skos:prefLabel "AreaDimension"@en .

isq:EMMO_515b5579_d526_4842_9e6f_ecc34db6f368 a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_9895a1b4_f0a5_4167_ac5e_97db40b8bfcc> ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue "T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_23b579e1_8088_45b5_9975_064014026c42> ] ;
    skos:prefLabel "FrequencyDimension"@en .

isq:EMMO_81369540_1b0e_471b_9bae_6801af22800e a owl:Class ;
    isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Speed" ;
    annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Speed" ;
    annotations:EMMO_e55f2d7c_9893_48cd_b4a4_fdf38253bd20 "http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Speed" ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852" ;
    rdfs:comment """Length per unit time. 

Speed in the absolute value of the velocity."""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_2946d40b_24a1_47fa_8176_e3f79bb45064 ;
    skos:prefLabel "Speed"@en .

isq:EMMO_847f1d9f_205e_46c1_8cb6_a9e479421f88 a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_9895a1b4_f0a5_4167_ac5e_97db40b8bfcc> ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue "T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_23b579e1_8088_45b5_9975_064014026c42> ] ;
    skos:prefLabel "AbsorbedDoseDimension"@en .

isq:EMMO_9141801c_c539_4c72_b423_8c74ff6b8f05 a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_9895a1b4_f0a5_4167_ac5e_97db40b8bfcc> ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue "T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_23b579e1_8088_45b5_9975_064014026c42> ] ;
    skos:prefLabel "VolumeDimension"@en .

isq:EMMO_a66427d1_9932_4363_9ec5_7d91f2bfda1e a owl:Class ;
    isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
    annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Dimensionless_quantity" ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity" ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_2946d40b_24a1_47fa_8176_e3f79bb45064 ;
    skos:prefLabel "ISQDimensionlessQuantity"@en .

isq:EMMO_a77a0a4b_6bd2_42b2_be27_4b63cebbb59e a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_9895a1b4_f0a5_4167_ac5e_97db40b8bfcc> ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0" ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_23b579e1_8088_45b5_9975_064014026c42> ] ;
    skos:prefLabel "TemperatureDimension"@en .

isq:EMMO_ba882f34_0d71_4e4f_9d92_0c076c633a2c a owl:Class ;
    isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A pure number, typically the number of something."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """1, 
i, 
π,
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom""" ;
    rdfs:comment """According to the SI brochure counting does not automatically qualify a quantity as an amount of substance.

This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, without regard of the type of entities.

"There are also some quantities that cannot be described in terms of the seven base quantities of the SI, but have the nature of a count. Examples are a number of molecules, a number of cellular or biomolecular entities (for example copies of a particular nucleic acid sequence), or degeneracy in quantum mechanics. Counting quantities are also quantities with the associated unit one.\""""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_a66427d1_9932_4363_9ec5_7d91f2bfda1e ;
    skos:prefLabel "PureNumberQuantity"@en .

isq:EMMO_cd2cd0de_e0cc_4ef1_b27e_2e88db027bac a owl:Class ;
    isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
    annotations:EMMO_50c298c2_55a2_4068_b3ac_4e948c33181f "http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-19" ;
    annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Length" ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Extend of a spatial dimension."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498" ;
    rdfs:comment "Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_1a4c1a97_88a7_4d8e_b2f9_2ca58e92dde4 ;
    skos:prefLabel "Length"@en .

isq:EMMO_f35cff4d_dc09_44cf_a729_22fb79e3bfb2 a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Quantities declared under the ISO 80000."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities" ;
    rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_02c0621e_a527_4790_8a0f_2bb51973c819> ;
    skos:prefLabel "InternationalSystemOfQuantity"@en .

isq:EMMO_f84792eb_ec64_4a6b_941f_c9f3e9ef052c a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_9895a1b4_f0a5_4167_ac5e_97db40b8bfcc> ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue "T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_23b579e1_8088_45b5_9975_064014026c42> ] ;
    skos:prefLabel "VelocityDimension"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_0e030040_98a7_49b2_a871_dced1f3a6131> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists."@en ;
    rdfs:comment """Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter.

For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter."""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty mereotopology:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_668fbd5b_6f1b_405c_9c6b_d6067bd0595a> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_ec2c8ac8_98c5_4c74_b85b_ff8e8ca6655c> ;
    skos:prefLabel "PhaseHeterogeneousMixture"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_1f5e3e7e_72c9_40d4_91dd_ae432d7b7018> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_6c487fb3_03d1_4e56_91ed_c2e16dcbef60> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Foam"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_2fd3f574_5e93_47fe_afca_ed80b0a21ab4> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms."@en ;
    rdfs:comment "A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_eb77076b_a104_42ac_a065_798b2d2809ad> ;
    owl:disjointUnionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_4588526f_8553_4f4d_aa73_a483e88d599b> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_db03061b_db31_4132_a47a_6a634846578b> ) ;
    skos:prefLabel "StandaloneAtom"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_31557fae_b039_491c_bcbb_0ccb8711d5a6> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_6c487fb3_03d1_4e56_91ed_c2e16dcbef60> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Sol"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_560d833a_6184_410c_859a_05d982712fd7> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_04f2a2d5_e799_4692_a654_420e76f5acc1>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_6c487fb3_03d1_4e56_91ed_c2e16dcbef60> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Aerosol"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_d4f37e32_16ae_4cc6_b4cd_fd896b2449c4> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Dust, sand storm."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_04f2a2d5_e799_4692_a654_420e76f5acc1>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_4a464c8d_8895_44a8_a628_aed13509f1bd> ;
    skos:prefLabel "GasSolidSuspension"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_e0edfb9e_9a96_4fae_b942_831ffe27b84a> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Rain, spray."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_04f2a2d5_e799_4692_a654_420e76f5acc1>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_4a464c8d_8895_44a8_a628_aed13509f1bd> ;
    skos:prefLabel "GasLiquidSuspension"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_eb77076b_a104_42ac_a065_798b2d2809ad> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. 

An O 'atom' within an O2 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'.

In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud.

We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus."""@en ;
    rdfs:comment "An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_b2282816_b7a3_44c6_b2cb_3feff1ceb7fe> ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_f835f4d4_c665_403d_ab25_dca5cc74be52> ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_b2282816_b7a3_44c6_b2cb_3feff1ceb7fe> ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_1067b97a_84f8_4d22_8ace_b842b8ce355c> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_36c79456_e29c_400d_8bd3_0eedddb82652> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Atom"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_28fbea28_2204_4613_87ff_6d877b855fcd%20> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Array"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_3c424d37_cf62_41b1_ac9d_a316f8d113d6> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_f6d0c26a_98b6_4cf8_8632_aa259131faaa> ;
    skos:prefLabel "AlgebricOperator"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_88470739_03d3_4c47_a03e_b30a1288d50c> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A mathematical string that can be evaluated as true or false."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_89a0c87c_0804_4013_937a_6fe234d9499c> ;
    skos:prefLabel "MathematicalFormula"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_f6d0c26a_98b6_4cf8_8632_aa259131faaa> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_5be83f9c_a4ba_4b9a_be1a_5bfc6e891231>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_a1083d0a_c1fb_471f_8e20_a98f881ad527> ;
    skos:prefLabel "MathematicalOperator"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_f8a2fe9f_458b_4771_9aba_a50e76afc52d> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_f6d0c26a_98b6_4cf8_8632_aa259131faaa> ;
    skos:prefLabel "DifferentialOperator"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_f9bc8b52_85e9_4b53_b969_dd7724d5b8e4> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_89a0c87c_0804_4013_937a_6fe234d9499c> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Expression"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_71f6ab56_342c_484b_bbe0_de86b7367cb3> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "\"Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system\"."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_02c0621e_a527_4790_8a0f_2bb51973c819> ;
    skos:prefLabel "DerivedQuantity"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_89762966_8076_4f7c_b745_f718d653e8e2> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment "Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_b953f2b1_c8d1_4dd9_b630_d3ef6580c2bb> ;
    skos:prefLabel "ExactConstant"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_acaaa124_3dde_48b6_86e6_6ec6f364f408> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """"Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset"
ISO 80000-1"""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_db716151_6b73_45ff_910c_d182fdcbb4f5> ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_67fc0a36_8dcb_4ffa_9a43_31074efa3296> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_02c0621e_a527_4790_8a0f_2bb51973c819> ;
    skos:prefLabel "BaseQuantity"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_b953f2b1_c8d1_4dd9_b630_d3ef6580c2bb> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_constants" ;
    rdfs:comment """Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. 

With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019."""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_02c0621e_a527_4790_8a0f_2bb51973c819> ;
    owl:disjointUnionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_3f15d200_c97b_42c8_8ac0_d81d150361e2> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_89762966_8076_4f7c_b745_f718d653e8e2> ) ;
    skos:prefLabel "PhysicalConstant"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_24c71baf_6db6_48b9_86c8_8c70cf36db0c> a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_39c3815d_8cae_4c8f_b2ff_eeba24bec455> ;
    skos:prefLabel "hasModel"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_314d0bd5_67ed_437e_a609_36d46147cea7> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is catogrized accordingly."@en ;
    rdfs:comment "While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce> ;
    skos:prefLabel "PhysicalPhenomenon"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_939483b1_0148_43d1_8b35_851d2cd5d939> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """A 'sign' that not only stands for a 'physical' or a 'process', but it is also a simplified representation, aimed to assist calculations for its description or for predictions of its behaviour.

A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' by direct similitude (e.g. small scale replica) or by capturing in a logical framework the relations between its properties (e.g. mathematical model)."""@en ;
    rdfs:comment "A 'model' prediction is always a prediction of the properties of an entity, since an entity is known by an interpreter only through perception."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168> ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_24c71baf_6db6_48b9_86c8_8c70cf36db0c> ] ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d> ] ;
    skos:prefLabel "Model"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_db9a009e_f097_43f5_9520_6cbc07e7610b> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_8d2d9374_ef3a_47e6_8595_6bc208e07519> ;
    skos:prefLabel "NaturalLaw"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_48716718_225f_4c88_89e2_d819d30c90a2> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A language object that follows syntactic rules of a an idiom (e.g. english, italian)."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_d8d2144e_5c8d_455d_a643_5caf4d8d9df8> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Idiomatic"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_649bf97b_4397_4005_90d9_219755d92e34> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Physical' which stands for a real world object that can stimulate a perception (e.g. a mental impression, the excitation of a sensor) to an interpreter (human or non-human)."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """A line scratched on a surface.
A sound.
A smell.
The word 'cat' and the sound of the word 'cat' (the first one is graphical and the second acoustical)."""@en,
        """The meta-semiotic process:
I see a cloud in the sky. Since I'm an EMMO ontologist, I create an individual named Cloud under the 'Impression' class.  This semiotic process occurs at meta-level: it's how I use the EMMO as tool for a direct representation of the world.

The semiotic process within EMMO:
My friend looks at the same cloud and says: "It is an elephant".
I use the EMMO to record this experience by declaring:
    - my friend as MyFriend individual, belonging to 'Interpreter' classes
    - the sound of the word "elephant" as an acoustical impression individual named ElephantWord, belonging to 'Impression'
    - a relation hasSign between Cloud and ElephantWord, that makes ElephantWord also belonging to 'Sign' class and Cloud belonging also to 'Object' class
    - a 'Semiosis' individual called MyFriendElephantCloud that hasParticipant: Cloud, ElephantWord and MyFriend, respectively as object, sign and interpreter."""@en ;
    rdfs:comment """'Perceptual' includes real world objects that:
- are part of a communication system (e.g. words, speech, alphabets)
- are not part of a communication system, but can be identified and referred by an interpreter"""@en,
        """A 'Perceptual' is a meta-object, meaning that is addressed by the ontologist (the meta-interpreter) in a meta-semiotic process occurring outside the EMMO.

A 'Perceptual' becomes an 'Object', when it is part of a 'Semiotic' process described by the ontologist through the EMMO."""@en,
        "From Latin perceptiō (“a receiving or collecting, perception, comprehension”), from perceptus (“perceived, observed”)."@en,
        """This class is the most general superclass for the categorization of real world objects that are recognizable by an interpreter (agent).

A 'Perceptual' can stand for something else in a semiotic process (acting as sign or as object). 

However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketched on a blackboard is a recognizable 'Perceptual' but it may stand for nothing)."""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/top#EMMO_49267eba_5548_4163_8f36_518d65b583f9> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Perceptual"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_25f8b804_9a0b_4387_a3e7_b35bce5365ee> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_e5488299_8dab_4ebb_900a_26d2abed8396>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Photon"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_7db59e56_f68b_48b7_ae99_891c35ae5c3b> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_e5488299_8dab_4ebb_900a_26d2abed8396>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Gluon"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_c26a0340_d619_4928_b1a1_1a04e88bb89d> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The union of all classes categorizing elementary particles according to the Standard Model."@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Only a subset of elementary particles from the Standard Model are here included for the sake of simplicity."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_98ada9d8_f1c8_4f13_99b5_d890f5354152>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360> ;
    owl:disjointUnionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_25f8b804_9a0b_4387_a3e7_b35bce5365ee> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_72d53756_7fb1_46ed_980f_83f47efbe105> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_7db59e56_f68b_48b7_ae99_891c35ae5c3b> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_8043d3c6_a4c1_4089_ba34_9744e28e5b3d> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_eb3c61f0_3983_4346_a0c6_e7f6b90a67a8> ) ;
    skos:prefLabel "ElementaryParticle"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_eb3c61f0_3983_4346_a0c6_e7f6b90a67a8> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles."@en ;
    rdfs:comment """While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles.

For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields."""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_e5488299_8dab_4ebb_900a_26d2abed8396>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Graviton"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_1b52ee70_121e_4d8d_8419_3f97cd0bd89c> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_ae2d1a96_bfa1_409a_a7d2_03d69e8a125a> ] ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_10a5fd39_06aa_4648_9e70_f962a9cb2069> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_0527413c_b286_4e9c_b2d0_03fb2a038dee> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Observer"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_15db234d_ecaf_4715_9838_4b4ec424fb13> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A class devoted to categorize 'Physical'-s according to their granularity relations, first in terms of time evolution (Existent) and then in terms of their composition (State), up to the spatial a-tomistic element (Elementary)."@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Direct parthood is the relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy) for this perspective." ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/top#EMMO_49267eba_5548_4163_8f36_518d65b583f9> ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_36c79456_e29c_400d_8bd3_0eedddb82652> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_52211e5e_d767_4812_845e_eb6b402c476a> ) ] ;
    skos:prefLabel "Reductionistic"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_52211e5e_d767_4812_845e_eb6b402c476a> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts."@en ;
    rdfs:comment """'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). 

'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation.

This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels.

e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron."""@en,
        """An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time.

By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual.

Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, enforcing non-transitivity and inverse-functionality."""@en,
        """Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'.

Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s."""@en,
        "ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest)."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_36c79456_e29c_400d_8bd3_0eedddb82652> ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_65a2c5b8_e4d8_4a51_b2f8_e55effc0547d> ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_65a2c5b8_e4d8_4a51_b2f8_e55effc0547d> ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_36c79456_e29c_400d_8bd3_0eedddb82652> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_15db234d_ecaf_4715_9838_4b4ec424fb13> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Existent"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_65a2c5b8_e4d8_4a51_b2f8_e55effc0547d> a owl:AsymmetricProperty,
        owl:InverseFunctionalProperty,
        owl:IrreflexiveProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:domain <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_52211e5e_d767_4812_845e_eb6b402c476a> ;
    rdfs:range <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_36c79456_e29c_400d_8bd3_0eedddb82652> ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_7afbed84_7593_4a23_bd88_9d9c6b04e8f6> ;
    skos:prefLabel "hasTemporalDirectPart"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_008fd3b2_4013_451f_8827_52bceab11841> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process

me -> interpreter
cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics)
the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant
"Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign"""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_c5aae418_1622_4d02_93c5_21159e28e6c1> ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_0527413c_b286_4e9c_b2d0_03fb2a038dee> ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_c5aae418_1622_4d02_93c5_21159e28e6c1> ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_b21a56ed_f969_4612_a6ec_cb7766f7f31d> ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_c5aae418_1622_4d02_93c5_21159e28e6c1> ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_6f5af708_f825_4feb_a0d1_a8d813d3022b> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Semiosis"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_054af807_85cd_4a13_8eba_119dfdaaf38b> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_b21a56ed_f969_4612_a6ec_cb7766f7f31d> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Interpretant"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_0cd58641_824c_4851_907f_f4c3be76630c> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire).
My facial expression stands for my emotional status."""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_b21a56ed_f969_4612_a6ec_cb7766f7f31d> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Index"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_eb3518bf_f799_4f9e_8c3e_ce59af11453b> a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:range <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_35d2e130_6e01_41ed_94f7_00b333d46cf9> ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_60577dea_9019_4537_ac41_80b0fb563d41> ;
    skos:prefLabel "hasConvention"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_32129fb5_df25_48fd_a29c_18a2f22a2dd5> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_216f448e_cdbc_4aeb_a529_7a5fe7fc38bb>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_707c6032_e272_4a20_98b5_d35c4f67be68> ;
    owl:disjointUnionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_3a185e6c_9e19_4776_b583_19c978156aa0> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_e9ffc696_5228_4ff9_8a60_0f5e05e9931b> ) ;
    skos:prefLabel "SIUnitSymbol"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_60b78cc3_6011_4134_95ab_956f56d4bdc1> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of base units is NOT equal to one."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_8246541a_f1f6_4d03_8bd7_fc6b76d17375> ;
    skos:prefLabel "SINonCoherentDerivedUnit"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_707c6032_e272_4a20_98b5_d35c4f67be68> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment "Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units. When the numerical factor of this product is one, the derived units are called coherent derived units. The base and coherent derived units of the SI form a coherent set, designated the set of coherent SI units."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_868ae137_4d25_493e_b270_21ea3d94849e>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_feb03a8a_bbb6_4918_a891_46713ef557f4> ;
    owl:disjointUnionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_1273eb34_de48_43a9_925f_104110469dd2> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_3a185e6c_9e19_4776_b583_19c978156aa0> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_e9ffc696_5228_4ff9_8a60_0f5e05e9931b> ) ;
    skos:prefLabel "SICoherentUnit"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_8246541a_f1f6_4d03_8bd7_fc6b76d17375> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_feb03a8a_bbb6_4918_a891_46713ef557f4> ;
    owl:disjointUnionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_60b78cc3_6011_4134_95ab_956f56d4bdc1> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_d41ce84b_4317_41fb_a5d1_6cd281fca106> ) ;
    skos:prefLabel "SINonCoherentUnit"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_d41ce84b_4317_41fb_a5d1_6cd281fca106> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A SI base or special unit with a metric prefix."@en ;
    rdfs:comment "The presence of the prefix makes this units non-coherent with SI system."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_c6d4a5e0_7e95_44df_a6db_84ee0a8bbc8e>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_8246541a_f1f6_4d03_8bd7_fc6b76d17375> ;
    skos:prefLabel "SIPrefixedUnit"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_feb03a8a_bbb6_4918_a891_46713ef557f4> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The set of units provided by the SI referring to the ISQ."@en ;
    rdfs:comment "The complete set of SI units includes both the coherent set and the multiples and sub-multiples formed by using the SI prefixes."@en,
        """The names, symbols and prefixes of SI units are defined by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures"""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_b081b346_7279_46ef_9a3d_2c088fcd79f4> ;
    owl:disjointUnionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_1273eb34_de48_43a9_925f_104110469dd2> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_3a185e6c_9e19_4776_b583_19c978156aa0> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_60b78cc3_6011_4134_95ab_956f56d4bdc1> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_d41ce84b_4317_41fb_a5d1_6cd281fca106> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_e9ffc696_5228_4ff9_8a60_0f5e05e9931b> ) ;
    skos:prefLabel "SIUnit"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_6f4d704a_a7c6_4c07_b8a7_ea0bab04128f> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Unit for solid angle."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_c2f5ee66_579c_44c6_a2e9_fa2eaa9fa4da> ;
    skos:prefLabel "AreaFractionUnit"@en .

mereotopology:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of all individuals that stand for a real world not self-connected object."@en ;
    rdfs:comment """A 'Collection' individual stands for a non-self-connected real world object.

A 'Collection' individual is related to each 'Item' individuals of the collection (i.e. the members) through the membership relation.

An 'Item' individual stands for a real world self-connected object which can be represented as a whole made of connected parts (e.g. a car made of components)."""@en,
        """Formally, 'Collection' is axiomatized as the class of individuals that hasMember some 'Item'.

A 'Collection' cannot have as member another 'Collection'."""@en,
        "From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’."@en,
        "e.g. the collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule, or even the collection of atoms that are part of a molecule considered as single individual non-connected objects and not as a mereotopological self-connected fusion."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty mereotopology:EMMO_6b7276a4_4b9d_440a_b577_0277539c0fc4 ;
            owl:someValuesFrom mereotopology:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ],
        mereotopology:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ;
    skos:prefLabel "Collection"@en .

mereotopology:EMMO_4d6504f1_c470_4ce9_b941_bbbebc9ab05d a owl:ObjectProperty,
        owl:SymmetricProperty ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf [ owl:inverseOf mereotopology:EMMO_6703954e_34c4_4a15_a9e7_f313760ae1a8 ],
        mereotopology:EMMO_6703954e_34c4_4a15_a9e7_f313760ae1a8 ;
    owl:equivalentProperty [ owl:inverseOf mereotopology:EMMO_4d6504f1_c470_4ce9_b941_bbbebc9ab05d ] ;
    owl:inverseOf mereotopology:EMMO_4d6504f1_c470_4ce9_b941_bbbebc9ab05d ;
    skos:prefLabel "hasContactWith"@en .

mereotopology:EMMO_517dfaf9_4970_41ac_81ee_d031627d2c7c a owl:ObjectProperty,
        owl:SymmetricProperty ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf [ owl:inverseOf mereotopology:EMMO_03212fd7_abfd_4828_9c8e_62c293052d4b ],
        mereotopology:EMMO_03212fd7_abfd_4828_9c8e_62c293052d4b ;
    owl:equivalentProperty [ owl:inverseOf mereotopology:EMMO_517dfaf9_4970_41ac_81ee_d031627d2c7c ] ;
    owl:inverseOf mereotopology:EMMO_517dfaf9_4970_41ac_81ee_d031627d2c7c ;
    skos:prefLabel "disconnected"@en .

mereotopology:EMMO_9cb984ca_48ad_4864_b09e_50d3fff19420 a owl:ObjectProperty,
        owl:SymmetricProperty ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf [ owl:inverseOf mereotopology:EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6 ],
        mereotopology:EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6 ;
    owl:equivalentProperty [ owl:inverseOf mereotopology:EMMO_9cb984ca_48ad_4864_b09e_50d3fff19420 ] ;
    owl:inverseOf mereotopology:EMMO_9cb984ca_48ad_4864_b09e_50d3fff19420 ;
    skos:prefLabel "overcrosses"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_29072ec4_ffcb_42fb_bdc7_26f05a2e9873> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Item' that has no 'Physical' parts."@en ;
    rdfs:comment "From Latin vacuus, “empty”."@en,
        "The void concept is paramount for the representation of physical systems according to quantum theory."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_29072ec4_ffcb_42fb_bdc7_26f05a2e9873> ;
            owl:onProperty mereotopology:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ],
        mereotopology:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ;
    skos:prefLabel "Void"@en .

rdfs:isDefinedBy rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:seeAlso .

owl:topObjectProperty a owl:ReflexiveProperty,
        owl:SymmetricProperty,
        owl:TransitiveProperty ;
    owl:inverseOf owl:topObjectProperty .

isq:EMMO_b3600e73_3e05_479d_9714_c041c3acf5cc a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_9895a1b4_f0a5_4167_ac5e_97db40b8bfcc> ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue "T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_23b579e1_8088_45b5_9975_064014026c42> ] ;
    skos:prefLabel "LengthDimension"@en .

isq:EMMO_e88f75d6_9a17_4cfc_bdf7_43d7cea5a9a1 a owl:Class ;
    isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistance" ;
    annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance" ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936" ;
    rdfs:comment "Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_2946d40b_24a1_47fa_8176_e3f79bb45064 ;
    skos:altLabel "Resistance"@en ;
    skos:prefLabel "ElectricResistance"@en .

isq:EMMO_f6070071_d054_4b17_9d2d_f446f7147d0f a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_9895a1b4_f0a5_4167_ac5e_97db40b8bfcc> ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue "T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_23b579e1_8088_45b5_9975_064014026c42> ] ;
    skos:prefLabel "EnergyDimension"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/manufacturing#EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'physical' that stands for a real world object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Car, tire, composite material."@en ;
    rdfs:comment "The 'Engineered' branch represents real world objects that show some level of complexity/heterogeneity in their composition, and are made for a specific use."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_c5aae418_1622_4d02_93c5_21159e28e6c1> ] ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/manufacturing#EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_49804605_c0fe_4538_abda_f70ba1dc8a5d> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Engineered"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/manufacturing#EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The process of transforming raw materials into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes."@en ;
    rdfs:comment "From Latin manufacture: \"made by hand\"."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_c5aae418_1622_4d02_93c5_21159e28e6c1> ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/manufacturing#EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Manufacturing"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_0b15f4ae_092e_4487_9100_3c44176c545c> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_ec2c8ac8_98c5_4c74_b85b_ff8e8ca6655c> ;
    owl:disjointUnionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_2031516a_2be7_48e8_9af7_7e1270e308fe> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_4a464c8d_8895_44a8_a628_aed13509f1bd> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_6c487fb3_03d1_4e56_91ed_c2e16dcbef60> ) ;
    skos:prefLabel "Dispersion"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_50781fd9_a9e4_46ad_b7be_4500371d188d> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_b2282816_b7a3_44c6_b2cb_3feff1ceb7fe> ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_72d53756_7fb1_46ed_980f_83f47efbe105> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_7d66bde4_b68d_41cc_b5fc_6fd98c5e2ff0>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_36c79456_e29c_400d_8bd3_0eedddb82652> ;
    owl:disjointUnionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_8f87e700_99a8_4427_8ffb_e493de05c217> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_df808271_df91_4f27_ba59_fa423c51896c> ) ;
    skos:prefLabel "Nucleon"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_7d66bde4_b68d_41cc_b5fc_6fd98c5e2ff0> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Subatomic"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_87ac88ff_8379_4f5a_8c7b_424a8fff1ee8> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Gas, liquid, plasma,"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Fluid"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_ec2c8ac8_98c5_4c74_b85b_ff8e8ca6655c> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Mixture"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_1aed91a3_d00c_48af_8f43_a0c958b2512a> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "2x+3"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number)"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_f9bc8b52_85e9_4b53_b969_dd7724d5b8e4> ;
    skos:prefLabel "AlgebricExpression"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_21f56795_ee72_4858_b571_11cfaa59c1a8> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A numerical data value."@en ;
    rdfs:comment """A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers).

A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue."""@en,
        """In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it.

More than one numeral stand for the same number.

In the EMMO abstract entities does not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number).

Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system).

The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used.

For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept."""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_4ce76d7f_03f8_45b6_9003_90052a79bfaa>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_5be83f9c_a4ba_4b9a_be1a_5bfc6e891231>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_a1083d0a_c1fb_471f_8e20_a98f881ad527> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Number"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_3ee80521_3c23_4dd1_935d_9d522614a3e2> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """Pa stands for N/m2
J stands for N m"""@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_60577dea_9019_4537_ac41_80b0fb563d41> ] ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_08b308d4_31cd_4779_a784_aa92fc730f39> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_08b308d4_31cd_4779_a784_aa92fc730f39>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_216f448e_cdbc_4aeb_a529_7a5fe7fc38bb>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_b21a56ed_f969_4612_a6ec_cb7766f7f31d> ;
    skos:prefLabel "SpecialUnit"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_50a3552e_859a_4ff7_946d_76d537cabce6> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ;
                    owl:complementOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_985bec21_989f_4b9e_a4b3_735d88099c3c> ] ;
            owl:onProperty mereotopology:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_985bec21_989f_4b9e_a4b3_735d88099c3c>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_a1083d0a_c1fb_471f_8e20_a98f881ad527> ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:intersectionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_985bec21_989f_4b9e_a4b3_735d88099c3c> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_a1083d0a_c1fb_471f_8e20_a98f881ad527> ) ] ;
    skos:prefLabel "MetrologicalSymbol"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_5ebd5e01_0ed3_49a2_a30d_cd05cbe72978> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS" ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Refractive index or volume fraction."@en,
        "Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_bed1d005_b04e_4a90_94cf_02bc678a8569> ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_3227b821_26a5_4c7c_9c01_5c24483e0bd0> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_08b308d4_31cd_4779_a784_aa92fc730f39> ;
    skos:prefLabel "UnitOne"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_db716151_6b73_45ff_910c_d182fdcbb4f5> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_216f448e_cdbc_4aeb_a529_7a5fe7fc38bb> ;
    skos:prefLabel "BaseUnit"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_f7ed665b_c2e1_42bc_889b_6b42ed3a36f0> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment """A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. 

Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968"""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_939483b1_0148_43d1_8b35_851d2cd5d939> ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:intersectionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_939483b1_0148_43d1_8b35_851d2cd5d939> ) ] ;
    skos:prefLabel "MathematicalModel"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_0c576e13_4ee7_4f3d_bfe9_1614243df018> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_b5957cef_a287_442d_a3ce_fd39f20ba1cd> ;
    skos:prefLabel "1-manifold"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_8681074a_e225_4e38_b586_e85b0f43ce38> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_d8d2144e_5c8d_455d_a643_5caf4d8d9df8> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Software"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_89a0c87c_0804_4013_937a_6fe234d9499c> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration."@en ;
    rdfs:comment "This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054> ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40> ;
    skos:prefLabel "SymbolicComposition"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_9268958f_7f54_48ab_a693_febe2645892b> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_b5957cef_a287_442d_a3ce_fd39f20ba1cd> ;
    skos:prefLabel "2-manifold"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_c74da218_9147_4f03_92d1_8894abca55f3> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatial configuration shows a pattern identifiable by an observer."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "'Graphical' objects include writings, pictures, sketches ..."@en ;
    rdfs:comment "From the Ancient Greek γραφή (graphḗ) which means drawing, painting, writing, a writing, description, and from γράφω (gráphō) which means scratch, carve."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_649bf97b_4397_4005_90d9_219755d92e34> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Graphical"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_385b8f6e_43ac_4596_ad76_ac322c68b7ca> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The union of classes of elementary particles that possess mass."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_c26a0340_d619_4928_b1a1_1a04e88bb89d> ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_72d53756_7fb1_46ed_980f_83f47efbe105> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_8043d3c6_a4c1_4089_ba34_9744e28e5b3d> ) ] ;
    skos:prefLabel "Massive"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_72d53756_7fb1_46ed_980f_83f47efbe105> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_385b8f6e_43ac_4596_ad76_ac322c68b7ca>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Quark"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_8043d3c6_a4c1_4089_ba34_9744e28e5b3d> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals that stand for electrons elemntary particles."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_385b8f6e_43ac_4596_ad76_ac322c68b7ca>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Electron"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_98ada9d8_f1c8_4f13_99b5_d890f5354152> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The perspective for which physical objects are categorized only by concepts coming from applied physical sciences."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/top#EMMO_49267eba_5548_4163_8f36_518d65b583f9> ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_70dac51e_bddd_48c2_8a98_7d8395e91fc2> ) ] ;
    skos:prefLabel "Physicalistic"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_2a888cdf_ec4a_4ec5_af1c_0343372fc978> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Property' that is determined by each 'Observer' following a well defined 'Observation' procedure through a specific perception channel."@en ;
    rdfs:comment "The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure."@en,
        "This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba> ;
    skos:prefLabel "ObjectiveProperty"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204> a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:domain <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_6f5af708_f825_4feb_a0d1_a8d813d3022b> ;
    rdfs:range <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba> ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_eb3518bf_f799_4f9e_8c3e_ce59af11453b> ;
    skos:prefLabel "hasProperty"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_0527413c_b286_4e9c_b2d0_03fb2a038dee> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054> ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_054af807_85cd_4a13_8eba_119dfdaaf38b> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_b803f122_4acb_4064_9d71_c1e5fd091fc9> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Interpreter"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_b803f122_4acb_4064_9d71_c1e5fd091fc9> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process."@en ;
    rdfs:comment """Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory.

"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21).

The triadic elements:
- 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name)
- 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means)
- 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to)

This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object'"""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_c5aae418_1622_4d02_93c5_21159e28e6c1> ] ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_008fd3b2_4013_451f_8827_52bceab11841> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_49804605_c0fe_4538_abda_f70ba1dc8a5d> ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_0527413c_b286_4e9c_b2d0_03fb2a038dee> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_6f5af708_f825_4feb_a0d1_a8d813d3022b> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_b21a56ed_f969_4612_a6ec_cb7766f7f31d> ) ] ;
    skos:prefLabel "Semiotic"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' by resembling or imitating it, in shape or by sharing a similar logical structure."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. 

An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity."""@en ;
    rdfs:comment """Three subtypes of icon are possible:
 
(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture)

(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart)

(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else

[Wikipedia]"""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_b21a56ed_f969_4612_a6ec_cb7766f7f31d> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Icon"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_cdc962d8_f3ea_4764_a57a_c7caa4859179> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Unit for plane angle."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_c2f5ee66_579c_44c6_a2e9_fa2eaa9fa4da> ;
    skos:prefLabel "LengthFractionUnit"@en .

owl:Nothing rdfs:subClassOf owl:Nothing .

isq:EMMO_02e894c3_b793_4197_b120_3442e08f58d1 a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_9895a1b4_f0a5_4167_ac5e_97db40b8bfcc> ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_23b579e1_8088_45b5_9975_064014026c42> ] ;
    skos:prefLabel "TimeDimension"@en .

isq:EMMO_77e9dc31_5b19_463e_b000_44c6e79f98aa a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_9895a1b4_f0a5_4167_ac5e_97db40b8bfcc> ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue "T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_23b579e1_8088_45b5_9975_064014026c42> ] ;
    skos:prefLabel "MassDimension"@en .

isq:EMMO_ed4af7ae_63a2_497e_bb88_2309619ea405 a owl:Class ;
    isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mass" ;
    annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass" ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1> ;
            owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204> ] ],
        isq:EMMO_1a4c1a97_88a7_4d8e_b2f9_2ca58e92dde4 ;
    skos:prefLabel "Mass"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_2031516a_2be7_48e8_9af7_7e1270e308fe> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances."@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light,"@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_0b15f4ae_092e_4487_9100_3c44176c545c>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_0e6378df_1ce8_4321_b00c_ee9beea60a67> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Solution"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_5be83f9c_a4ba_4b9a_be1a_5bfc6e891231> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ;
                    owl:complementOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0> ] ;
            owl:onProperty mereotopology:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_a1083d0a_c1fb_471f_8e20_a98f881ad527> ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:intersectionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_a1083d0a_c1fb_471f_8e20_a98f881ad527> ) ] ;
    skos:prefLabel "MathematicalSymbol"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_707f0cd1_941c_4b57_9f20_d0ba30cd6ff3> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_3c424d37_cf62_41b1_ac9d_a316f8d113d6> ;
    skos:prefLabel "ArithmeticOperator"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_7d2afa66_ae9e_4095_a9bf_421d0be401b6> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix."@en ;
    rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_5be83f9c_a4ba_4b9a_be1a_5bfc6e891231>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_ae15fb4f_8e4d_41de_a0f9_3997f89ba6a2>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_50a3552e_859a_4ff7_946d_76d537cabce6>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_985bec21_989f_4b9e_a4b3_735d88099c3c>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_a1083d0a_c1fb_471f_8e20_a98f881ad527> ;
    skos:prefLabel "MetricPrefix"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_868ae137_4d25_493e_b270_21ea3d94849e> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ;
                    owl:complementOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_7d2afa66_ae9e_4095_a9bf_421d0be401b6> ] ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_b2282816_b7a3_44c6_b2cb_3feff1ceb7fe> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_b081b346_7279_46ef_9a3d_2c088fcd79f4> ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_08b308d4_31cd_4779_a784_aa92fc730f39> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_216f448e_cdbc_4aeb_a529_7a5fe7fc38bb> ) ] ;
    skos:prefLabel "NonPrefixedUnit"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_c6d4a5e0_7e95_44df_a6db_84ee0a8bbc8e> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onClass <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_7d2afa66_ae9e_4095_a9bf_421d0be401b6> ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_b2282816_b7a3_44c6_b2cb_3feff1ceb7fe> ;
            owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onClass <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_216f448e_cdbc_4aeb_a529_7a5fe7fc38bb> ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_b2282816_b7a3_44c6_b2cb_3feff1ceb7fe> ;
            owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ;
                    owl:unionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_216f448e_cdbc_4aeb_a529_7a5fe7fc38bb> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_7d2afa66_ae9e_4095_a9bf_421d0be401b6> ) ] ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_b2282816_b7a3_44c6_b2cb_3feff1ceb7fe> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_b081b346_7279_46ef_9a3d_2c088fcd79f4>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_36c79456_e29c_400d_8bd3_0eedddb82652> ;
    owl:disjointUnionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_62f0d847_3603_45b4_bfc4_dd4511355ff2> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_a2f94f33_71fa_443c_a1fb_d1685fc537ec> ) ;
    skos:prefLabel "PrefixedUnit"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_dd4a7f3e_ef56_466c_ac1a_d2716b5f87ec> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 """"A property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed by means of a number and a reference"
ISO 80000-1

"A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such."
International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)"""@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Quantity' that can be quantified with respect to a standardized reference physical instance (e.g. the prototype meter bar, the kg prototype) or method (e.g. resilience) through a measurement process."@en ;
    rdfs:comment """A quantitative property is always expresssed as a quantity (i.e. a number and a reference unit). For the EMMO, a nominalistic ontology, there is no property as abstract object.

A property is a sign that stands for an object according to a specific code shared by some observers.

For quantititative properties, one possible code that is shared between the scientific community (the observers) is the SI system of units."""@en,
        "Subclasses of 'QuantitativeProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling)."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_f658c301_ce93_46cf_9639_4eace2c5d1d5>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_2a888cdf_ec4a_4ec5_af1c_0343372fc978> ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_873b0ab3_88e6_4054_b901_5531e01f14a4> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_d0200cf1_e4f4_45ae_873f_b9359daea3cd> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_d8aa8e1f_b650_416d_88a0_5118de945456> ) ] ;
    skos:prefLabel "QuantitativeProperty"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_b29fd350_39aa_4af7_9459_3faa0544cba6> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054> ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_e5438930_04e7_4d42_ade5_3700d4a52ab7> ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054> ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_27c5d8c6_8af7_4d63_beb1_ec37cd8b3fa3> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_f7ed665b_c2e1_42bc_889b_6b42ed3a36f0> ;
    skos:prefLabel "PhysicsBasedModel"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An 'Graphical' that stands for a token or a composition of tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """fe780
emmo
!5*a
cat
for(i=0;i<N;++i)"""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_c74da218_9147_4f03_92d1_8894abca55f3> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Symbolic"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_b5957cef_a287_442d_a3ce_fd39f20ba1cd> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'graphical' aimed to represent a geometrical concept."@en ;
    rdfs:comment """A 'geometrical' stands for real world objects that express a geometrical concept.

This can be achieved in many different ways. For example, a line can be expressed by:
a) an equation like y=mx+q, which is both an 'equation' and a 'geometrical'
b) a line drawn with a pencil on a paper, which is simply a 'graphical' object
c) a set of axioms, when the properties of a line are inferred by the interpreter reading them, that are both 'graphical' and also 'formula'

The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, while c) is geometrical and a composition of idiomatic strings."""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_c74da218_9147_4f03_92d1_8894abca55f3> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Geometrical"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_d8d2144e_5c8d_455d_a643_5caf4d8d9df8> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A language object is a symbolic object respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula)."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Language"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_4207e895_8b83_4318_996a_72cfb32acd94> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A matter individual that stands for a real world object representing an amount of a physical substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases."@en ;
    rdfs:comment "A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found."@en,
        "Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Material"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_70dac51e_bddd_48c2_8a98_7d8395e91fc2> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Physical' with 'Massless' parts that are mediators of interactions."@en ;
    rdfs:comment """The concepts of matter and field for classical physics, upon which we can categorize physical entities, are replaced in quantum physics by the more general concepts of quantum field.

Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic particles (i.e. photons, gluons), while the class 'Matter' refers to the quantum field of massive fermionic or bosonic particles (e.g. quarks, electrons)."""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty mereotopology:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_e5488299_8dab_4ebb_900a_26d2abed8396> ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_70dac51e_bddd_48c2_8a98_7d8395e91fc2> ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_7afbed84_7593_4a23_bd88_9d9c6b04e8f6> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_98ada9d8_f1c8_4f13_99b5_d890f5354152>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Field"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_e5488299_8dab_4ebb_900a_26d2abed8396> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The union of classes of elementary particles that do not possess mass."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_c26a0340_d619_4928_b1a1_1a04e88bb89d> ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_25f8b804_9a0b_4387_a3e7_b35bce5365ee> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_7db59e56_f68b_48b7_ae99_891c35ae5c3b> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_eb3c61f0_3983_4346_a0c6_e7f6b90a67a8> ) ] ;
    skos:prefLabel "Massless"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """A 'Perceptual' referring to a specific code that is used as 'Conventional' sign to represent an 'Object' according to a specific interaction mechanism by an 'Observer'.

(A property is always a partial representation of an 'Object' since it reflects the 'Object' capability to be part of a specific 'Observation' process)"""@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """Hardness is a subclass of properties.

Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and instruments defined by the standard hardness test."""@en,
        """Let's define the class 'colour' as the subclass of the properties that involve photon emission and an electromagnetic radiation sensible observer.

An individual C of this class 'colour' can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes)

Stating that an entity E hasProperty C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight).

This definition can be generalized by using a generic human eye, so that the observer can be a generic human.

This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type."""@en ;
    rdfs:comment """A 'Property' is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an observer in the same specific way.

e.g. "hot" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source."""@en,
        """We know real world entities through observation/perception.

A non-perceivable real world entity does not exist (or it exists on a plane of existance that has no intersection with us and we can say nothing about it).

Perception/observation of a real wolrd entity occurs when the entity stimulate an observer in a peculiar way through a well defined perception channel.

For this reason each property is related to a specific observation process which involves a specific observer with its own perception mechanisms.

The observation process (e.g. a look, a photo shot, a measurement) is performed  by an observer (e.g. you, a camera, an instrument) through a specific perception mechanism (e.g. retina impression, CMOS excitation, piezoelectric sensor activation) and involves an observed entity.

An observation is a semiotic process, since it stimulate an interpretant within the interpreter who can communicate the perception result to other interpreters through a sign which is the property. 

Property subclasses are specializations that depend on the type of observation processes.

e.g. the property 'colour' is related to a process that involves emission or interaction of photon and an observer who can perceive electromagnetic radiation in the visible frequency range. 

Properties usually relies on symbolic systems (e.g. for colour it can be palette or RGB)."""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204> ] ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_6f5af708_f825_4feb_a0d1_a8d813d3022b> ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_ae2d1a96_bfa1_409a_a7d2_03d69e8a125a> ] ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_10a5fd39_06aa_4648_9e70_f962a9cb2069> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_35d2e130_6e01_41ed_94f7_00b333d46cf9> ;
    owl:disjointUnionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_251cfb4f_5c75_4778_91ed_6c8395212fd8> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_2a888cdf_ec4a_4ec5_af1c_0343372fc978> ) ;
    skos:prefLabel "Property"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/top#EMMO_49267eba_5548_4163_8f36_518d65b583f9> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals that stand for real world objects according to a specific representational perspective."@en ;
    rdfs:comment """This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals.

Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass."""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Perspective"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_49804605_c0fe_4538_abda_f70ba1dc8a5d> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A portion of a 'Process' that participates to the process with a specific role."@en ;
    rdfs:comment """In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology.

Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it."""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_ae2d1a96_bfa1_409a_a7d2_03d69e8a125a> ] ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_0277f24a_ea7f_4917_81b7_fb0406c8fc62>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Participant"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_04f2a2d5_e799_4692_a654_420e76f5acc1> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_87ac88ff_8379_4f5a_8c7b_424a8fff1ee8>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_b9695e87_8261_412e_83cd_a86459426a28> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Gas"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that:
- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts
- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1"""@en ;
    rdfs:comment "A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant."@en,
        """A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition).

A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe."""@en,
        "A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Continuum"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_b9695e87_8261_412e_83cd_a86459426a28> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist."@en ;
    rdfs:comment """In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter"""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1> ;
    owl:disjointUnionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_04f2a2d5_e799_4692_a654_420e76f5acc1> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_4c21fb86_fdcf_444e_b498_86fe656295af> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_7509da43_56b1_4d7f_887a_65d1663df4ba> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_a2b006f2_bbfd_4dba_bcaa_3fca20cd6be1> ) ;
    skos:prefLabel "StateOfMatter"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_1eed0732_e3f1_4b2c_a9c4_b4e75eeb5895> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Variable' is a symbolic object that stands for a numerical defined 'Mathematical' object like e.g. a number, a vector, a matrix."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """x
k"""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_3446e167_c576_49d6_846c_215bb8878a55> ] ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_35d2e130_6e01_41ed_94f7_00b333d46cf9> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Variable"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_4ce76d7f_03f8_45b6_9003_90052a79bfaa> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable\"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations)."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Numerical"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_e56ee3eb_7609_4ae1_8bed_51974f0960a6> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """2+3 = 5
x^2 +3x  = 5x
dv/dt = a
sin(x) = y"""@en ;
    rdfs:comment """An equation with variables can always be represented as:

f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn)

where f is the left hand and g the right hand  side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables."""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_b2282816_b7a3_44c6_b2cb_3feff1ceb7fe> ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_f9bc8b52_85e9_4b53_b969_dd7724d5b8e4> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_88470739_03d3_4c47_a03e_b30a1288d50c>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_36c79456_e29c_400d_8bd3_0eedddb82652> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Equation"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_08b308d4_31cd_4779_a784_aa92fc730f39> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_868ae137_4d25_493e_b270_21ea3d94849e> ;
    skos:prefLabel "DerivedUnit"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_18ce5200_00f5_45bb_8c6f_6fb128cd41ae> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment """A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such.
International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)"""@en,
        """A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quatity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel").

For this reason we can't declare the axiom:
ReferenceUnit SubClassOf: inverse(hasReferenceUnit) some Quantity
because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity.

This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properties (semiotics)."""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_985bec21_989f_4b9e_a4b3_735d88099c3c> ;
    skos:prefLabel "ReferenceUnit"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_f658c301_ce93_46cf_9639_4eace2c5d1d5> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A symbolic that has parts a reference unit and a numerical object separated by a space expressing the value of a quantitative property (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit)."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """6.8 m
0.9 km
8 K
6 MeV
43.5 HRC(150 kg)"""@en ;
    rdfs:comment """A quantity is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object.

However, a quantitative property is always a quantity."""@en,
        "Referred as Quantity Value in International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)"@en,
        """SI distinguishes between a quantity (an abstract concept) and the quantity value (a number and a reference). 

The EMMO, following strict nominalism, denies the existence of abstract objects and then collapses the two concepts of SI quantity and SI quantity value into a single one: the 'Quantity'.

So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'.

While the string "1 kg" is a 'Physical Quantity'."""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onClass <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_18ce5200_00f5_45bb_8c6f_6fb128cd41ae> ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_67fc0a36_8dcb_4ffa_9a43_31074efa3296> ;
            owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onClass <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_4ce76d7f_03f8_45b6_9003_90052a79bfaa> ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_8ef3cd6d_ae58_4a8d_9fc0_ad8f49015cd0> ;
            owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_985bec21_989f_4b9e_a4b3_735d88099c3c>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_36c79456_e29c_400d_8bd3_0eedddb82652> ;
    owl:disjointUnionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_02c0621e_a527_4790_8a0f_2bb51973c819> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_c46f091c_0420_4c1a_af30_0a2c8ebcf7d7> ) ;
    skos:prefLabel "Quantity"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_10a5fd39_06aa_4648_9e70_f962a9cb2069> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_ae2d1a96_bfa1_409a_a7d2_03d69e8a125a> ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_1b52ee70_121e_4d8d_8419_3f97cd0bd89c> ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_ae2d1a96_bfa1_409a_a7d2_03d69e8a125a> ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_008fd3b2_4013_451f_8827_52bceab11841> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Observation"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_35d2e130_6e01_41ed_94f7_00b333d46cf9> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it."@en ;
    rdfs:comment "In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_b21a56ed_f969_4612_a6ec_cb7766f7f31d> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Conventional"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_60577dea_9019_4537_ac41_80b0fb563d41> a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:domain <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_6f5af708_f825_4feb_a0d1_a8d813d3022b> ;
    rdfs:range <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_b21a56ed_f969_4612_a6ec_cb7766f7f31d> ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_2337e25c_3c60_43fc_a8f9_b11a3f974291> ;
    skos:prefLabel "hasSign"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_7afbed84_7593_4a23_bd88_9d9c6b04e8f6> a owl:ObjectProperty,
        owl:TransitiveProperty ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A relation that isolate a proper part that covers the total spatial extension of a whole within a time interval." ;
    rdfs:domain mereotopology:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ;
    rdfs:range mereotopology:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf mereotopology:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ;
    skos:prefLabel "hasTemporalPart"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A temporal part of a physical that identifies a particular type of evolution in time."@en ;
    rdfs:comment "A 'Process' is always a 'Physical', since a 'Void' does not have elements that evolves in time."@en,
        """Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every 'Physical' should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. 

However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to 'Physical'-s whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D object may be of interest for the ontologist). 

A 'Process' is not only something that unfolds in time (which is automatically represented in a 4D ontology), but something that has a meaning for the ontologist (i.e. that the ontologist can separate from the rest of the 4D physical for any reason)."""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_ae2d1a96_bfa1_409a_a7d2_03d69e8a125a> ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_49804605_c0fe_4538_abda_f70ba1dc8a5d> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_0277f24a_ea7f_4917_81b7_fb0406c8fc62>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Process"@en .

isq:EMMO_31ec09ba_1713_42cb_83c7_b38bf6f9ced2 a owl:Class ;
    isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
    annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Energy" ;
    annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Energy" ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101" ;
    rdfs:comment "Energy is often defined as \"ability of a system to perform work\", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_2946d40b_24a1_47fa_8176_e3f79bb45064 ;
    skos:prefLabel "Energy"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_6c487fb3_03d1_4e56_91ed_c2e16dcbef60> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably."@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_0b15f4ae_092e_4487_9100_3c44176c545c>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_0e030040_98a7_49b2_a871_dced1f3a6131> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Colloid"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_6f5af708_f825_4feb_a0d1_a8d813d3022b> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The object, in Peirce semiotics."@en ;
    rdfs:comment """Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation.

The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. 

In this way the 'sign'-ed entity become and 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign)."""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_b803f122_4acb_4064_9d71_c1e5fd091fc9> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Object"@en .

mereotopology:EMMO_03212fd7_abfd_4828_9c8e_62c293052d4b a owl:ObjectProperty,
        owl:SymmetricProperty,
        owl:TransitiveProperty ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The superclass for all EMMO mereotopological relations."@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Mereotopology merges mereological and topological concepts and provides relations between wholes, parts, boundaries, etc."@en ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf [ owl:inverseOf mereotopology:EMMO_ec2472ae_cf4a_46a5_8555_1556f5a6c3c5 ],
        mereotopology:EMMO_ec2472ae_cf4a_46a5_8555_1556f5a6c3c5 ;
    owl:equivalentProperty [ owl:inverseOf mereotopology:EMMO_03212fd7_abfd_4828_9c8e_62c293052d4b ] ;
    owl:inverseOf mereotopology:EMMO_03212fd7_abfd_4828_9c8e_62c293052d4b ;
    skos:prefLabel "mereotopological"@en .

mereotopology:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class representing the collection of all the individuals declared in this ontology standing for real world objects."@en ;
    rdfs:comment """'EMMO' is the disjoint union of 'Item' and 'Collection' (covering axiom).

The union implies that 'EMMO' individuals can only be 'Item' individuals (standing for self-connected real world objects) or 'Collection' individuals (standing for a collection of disconnected items).

Disjointness means that a 'Collection' individual cannot be an 'Item' individual and viceversa, representing the fact that a real world object cannot be self-connected and non-self connected at the same time."""@en,
        """For the EMMO ontologist the whole universe is represented as a 4D path-connected topological manifold (i.e. the spacetime).

A real world object is then a 4D topological sub-region of the universe. 

A universe sub-region is isolated and defined as a real world object by the ontologist. Then, through a semiotic process that occurs at meta-ontological level (i.e. outside the ontology). an EMMO ontology entity (e.g. an OWL individual) is assigned to represent that real world object.

The fundamental distinction between real world objects, upon which the EMMO is based, is self-connectedness: a real world object can be self-connected xor not self-connected."""@en,
        "In the EMMO we will refer to the universe as a Minkowski space, restricting the ontology to special relativity only. However, exension to general relativity, will adding more complexity, should not change the overall approach."@en,
        """Mereotopology is the fundamental logical representation used by the EMMO ontologist to characterize the universe and to provide the definitions to connect real world objects to the EMMO concepts.

Parthood relations do not change dimensionality of the real world object referred by an 'EMMO' individual, i.e. every part of a real world object always retains its 4D dimensionality. 

The smallest part of a real world object (i.e. a part that has no proper parts) is referred in the EMMO by a 'Quantum' individual.

It follows that, for the EMMO, real world objects of dimensionality lower than 4D (e.g. surfaces, lines) do not exist."""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ;
    owl:disjointUnionOf ( mereotopology:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 mereotopology:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ) ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue mereotopology:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 ;
            owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf mereotopology:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty mereotopology:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ;
            owl:someValuesFrom mereotopology:EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 ] ;
    skos:prefLabel "EMMO"@en .

mereotopology:EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6 a owl:ObjectProperty,
        owl:SymmetricProperty ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf [ owl:inverseOf mereotopology:EMMO_6703954e_34c4_4a15_a9e7_f313760ae1a8 ],
        mereotopology:EMMO_6703954e_34c4_4a15_a9e7_f313760ae1a8 ;
    owl:equivalentProperty [ owl:inverseOf mereotopology:EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6 ] ;
    owl:inverseOf mereotopology:EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6 ;
    skos:prefLabel "hasOverlapWith"@en .

mereotopology:EMMO_ec2472ae_cf4a_46a5_8555_1556f5a6c3c5 a owl:ObjectProperty,
        owl:SymmetricProperty,
        owl:TransitiveProperty ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The superclass for all relations used by the EMMO."@en ;
    rdfs:domain mereotopology:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ;
    rdfs:range mereotopology:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ;
    owl:equivalentProperty [ owl:inverseOf mereotopology:EMMO_ec2472ae_cf4a_46a5_8555_1556f5a6c3c5 ] ;
    owl:inverseOf mereotopology:EMMO_ec2472ae_cf4a_46a5_8555_1556f5a6c3c5 ;
    skos:prefLabel "EMMORelation"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054> a owl:ObjectProperty,
        owl:TransitiveProperty ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A relation that isolates a proper part that extends itself in time within the overall lifetime of the whole, without covering the full spatial extension of the 4D whole (i.e. is not a temporal part)." ;
    rdfs:domain mereotopology:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ;
    rdfs:range mereotopology:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf mereotopology:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ;
    skos:prefLabel "hasSpatialPart"@en .

isq:EMMO_1a4c1a97_88a7_4d8e_b2f9_2ca58e92dde4 a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ)."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_f35cff4d_dc09_44cf_a729_22fb79e3bfb2,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_acaaa124_3dde_48b6_86e6_6ec6f364f408> ;
    owl:disjointUnionOf ( isq:EMMO_50bf79a6_a48b_424d_9d2c_813bd631231a isq:EMMO_8159c26a_494b_4fa0_9959_10888f152298 isq:EMMO_affe07e4_e9bc_4852_86c6_69e26182a17f isq:EMMO_c995ae70_3b84_4ebb_bcfc_69e6a281bb88 isq:EMMO_cd2cd0de_e0cc_4ef1_b27e_2e88db027bac isq:EMMO_d4f7d378_5e3b_468a_baa1_a7e98358cda7 isq:EMMO_ed4af7ae_63a2_497e_bb88_2309619ea405 ) ;
    skos:prefLabel "ISQBaseQuantity"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_02c0621e_a527_4790_8a0f_2bb51973c819> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model."@en ;
    rdfs:comment """In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ.
ISO 80000-1"""@en,
        """Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model.

Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions."""@en,
        """Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. 

For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind. 

However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used with quantities of specific kind only. 

For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides. 

As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m)."""@en,
        """— quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension,
— quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and
— quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind.
ISO 80000-1"""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_b081b346_7279_46ef_9a3d_2c088fcd79f4> ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_67fc0a36_8dcb_4ffa_9a43_31074efa3296> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_f658c301_ce93_46cf_9639_4eace2c5d1d5> ;
    owl:disjointUnionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_71f6ab56_342c_484b_bbe0_de86b7367cb3> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_acaaa124_3dde_48b6_86e6_6ec6f364f408> ) ;
    skos:prefLabel "PhysicalQuantity"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_985bec21_989f_4b9e_a4b3_735d88099c3c> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A language object used in metrology."@en ;
    rdfs:comment """Metrology includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application.

-- International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)"""@en,
        "This language domain makes use of ISO 80000 concepts."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_d8d2144e_5c8d_455d_a643_5caf4d8d9df8> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Metrological"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_b081b346_7279_46ef_9a3d_2c088fcd79f4> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """A 'Quantity' that stands for the standard reference magnitude of a specific class of measurement processes, defined and adopted by convention or by law.

The numerical quantity value of the 'MeasurementUnit' is conventionally 1 and does not appear.

Quantitative measurement results are expressed as a multiple of the 'MeasurementUnit'."""@en ;
    rdfs:comment """"Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number"
ISO 80000-1"""@en,
        """"Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations."

"Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra."

https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf"""@en,
        """While the SI brochure treats 'MeasurementUnit' as a 'PhysicalQuantity', in the EMMO this is not possible since the latter always has two direct parts, a 'Numerical' and a 'MeasurementUnit', while the former a single 'Symbol'.

SI distinguishes between a quantity (an abstract concept) and the quantity value (a number and a reference). The EMMO, following strict nominalism, considers a SI quantity as a SI quantity value, collapsing the two concepts into one: the 'Quantity'.

So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but a 'MeasurementUnit', while the string "1 kg" is 'Physical Quantity'."""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onClass <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_9895a1b4_f0a5_4167_ac5e_97db40b8bfcc> ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_bed1d005_b04e_4a90_94cf_02bc678a8569> ;
            owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_18ce5200_00f5_45bb_8c6f_6fb128cd41ae>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_6f5af708_f825_4feb_a0d1_a8d813d3022b> ;
    owl:disjointUnionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_868ae137_4d25_493e_b270_21ea3d94849e> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_c6d4a5e0_7e95_44df_a6db_84ee0a8bbc8e> ) ;
    skos:prefLabel "MeasurementUnit"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_1273eb34_de48_43a9_925f_104110469dd2> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A SI derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of SI base units is one."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """m/s
kg/m^3""" ;
    rdfs:comment "This class collects all units that are products or powers of SI base or SI special units only."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_08b308d4_31cd_4779_a784_aa92fc730f39>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_707c6032_e272_4a20_98b5_d35c4f67be68> ;
    skos:prefLabel "SICoherentDerivedUnit"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_c2f5ee66_579c_44c6_a2e9_fa2eaa9fa4da> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed."@en ;
    rdfs:comment """Quantities that are ratios of quantities of the same kind (for example length ratios and amount fractions) have the option of being expressed with units (m/m, mol/mol to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed and also allow the use of SI prefixes, if this
is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol).
-- SI Brochure"""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_5ebd5e01_0ed3_49a2_a30d_cd05cbe72978> ;
    skos:prefLabel "FractionUnit"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_c5aae418_1622_4d02_93c5_21159e28e6c1> a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_ae2d1a96_bfa1_409a_a7d2_03d69e8a125a>,
        mereotopology:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ;
    skos:prefLabel "hasProperParticipant"@en .

isq:EMMO_faab3f84_e475_4a46_af9c_7d249f0b9aef a owl:Class ;
    isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """refractive index,
volume fraction,
fine structure constant""" ;
    rdfs:comment """Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B).

Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394."""@en ;
    rdfs:seeAlso "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_a66427d1_9932_4363_9ec5_7d91f2bfda1e ;
    skos:prefLabel "RatioQuantity"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_7509da43_56b1_4d7f_887a_65d1663df4ba> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_87ac88ff_8379_4f5a_8c7b_424a8fff1ee8>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_b9695e87_8261_412e_83cd_a86459426a28> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Liquid"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_a2b006f2_bbfd_4dba_bcaa_3fca20cd6be1> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_b9695e87_8261_412e_83cd_a86459426a28> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Solid"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_216f448e_cdbc_4aeb_a529_7a5fe7fc38bb> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A symbol that stands for a single unit."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Some examples are \"Pa\", \"m\" and \"J\"."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_50a3552e_859a_4ff7_946d_76d537cabce6>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_868ae137_4d25_493e_b270_21ea3d94849e> ;
    owl:disjointUnionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_3ee80521_3c23_4dd1_935d_9d522614a3e2> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_db716151_6b73_45ff_910c_d182fdcbb4f5> ) ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:intersectionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_b081b346_7279_46ef_9a3d_2c088fcd79f4> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_a1083d0a_c1fb_471f_8e20_a98f881ad527> ) ] ;
    skos:prefLabel "UnitSymbol"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_3227b821_26a5_4c7c_9c01_5c24483e0bd0> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment """"The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically."
SI Brochure"""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_9895a1b4_f0a5_4167_ac5e_97db40b8bfcc> ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:hasValue "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_23b579e1_8088_45b5_9975_064014026c42> ] ;
    skos:prefLabel "DimensionOne"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_3f15d200_c97b_42c8_8ac0_d81d150361e2> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_b953f2b1_c8d1_4dd9_b630_d3ef6580c2bb> ;
    skos:prefLabel "MeasuredConstant"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_b21a56ed_f969_4612_a6ec_cb7766f7f31d> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An 'Physical' that is used as sign (\"semeion\" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). 

Each of them are 'sign'-s. 

A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts.

The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself.

For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols."""@en ;
    rdfs:comment """A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves.

A 'Sign' usually have 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting).

Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part."""@en,
        """According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories:
- symbols: that stand for an object through convention
- indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity
- icon: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition"""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_b803f122_4acb_4064_9d71_c1e5fd091fc9> ;
    owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ;
            owl:unionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_0cd58641_824c_4851_907f_f4c3be76630c> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_35d2e130_6e01_41ed_94f7_00b333d46cf9> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168> ) ] ;
    skos:prefLabel "Sign"@en .

mereotopology:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 a mereotopology:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf,
        mereotopology:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d>,
        owl:NamedIndividual,
        owl:Thing ;
    mereotopology:EMMO_03212fd7_abfd_4828_9c8e_62c293052d4b mereotopology:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 ;
    mereotopology:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f mereotopology:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 ;
    mereotopology:EMMO_6703954e_34c4_4a15_a9e7_f313760ae1a8 mereotopology:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 ;
    mereotopology:EMMO_8c898653_1118_4682_9bbf_6cc334d16a99 mereotopology:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 ;
    mereotopology:EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6 mereotopology:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 ;
    mereotopology:EMMO_ec2472ae_cf4a_46a5_8555_1556f5a6c3c5 mereotopology:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 ;
    owl:topObjectProperty mereotopology:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 ;
    skos:prefLabel "Universe"@en .

mereotopology:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f a owl:ObjectProperty,
        owl:TransitiveProperty ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf [ owl:inverseOf mereotopology:EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6 ],
        mereotopology:EMMO_8c898653_1118_4682_9bbf_6cc334d16a99,
        mereotopology:EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6 ;
    skos:prefLabel "hasPart"@en .

mereotopology:EMMO_6703954e_34c4_4a15_a9e7_f313760ae1a8 a owl:ObjectProperty,
        owl:SymmetricProperty ;
    rdfs:comment "Causality is a topological property between connected items."@en,
        "Items being connected means that there is a topological contact or \"interaction\" between them."@en ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf [ owl:inverseOf mereotopology:EMMO_03212fd7_abfd_4828_9c8e_62c293052d4b ],
        mereotopology:EMMO_03212fd7_abfd_4828_9c8e_62c293052d4b ;
    owl:equivalentProperty [ owl:inverseOf mereotopology:EMMO_6703954e_34c4_4a15_a9e7_f313760ae1a8 ] ;
    owl:inverseOf mereotopology:EMMO_6703954e_34c4_4a15_a9e7_f313760ae1a8 ;
    skos:prefLabel "connected"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The basic constituent of 'item'-s that can be proper partitioned only in time up to quantum level."@en ;
    rdfs:comment """According to mereology, this should be call 'a-tomistic' in the strict etimological sense of the word (from greek, a-tomos: un-divisible).

Mereology based on such items is called atomistic mereology.

However, in order not to confuse the lexicon between mereology and physics (in which an atom is a divisible physical entity) we prefer to call it 'elementary', recalling the concept of elementary particle coming from the standard particles model."""@en,
        "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)"@en,
        "While a 'Quantum' is a-tomistic in time and space, an 'elementary' is a-tomistic only in space, recalling the concept of elementary particle."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom owl:Nothing ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054> ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360> ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_7afbed84_7593_4a23_bd88_9d9c6b04e8f6> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Elementary"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_4a464c8d_8895_44a8_a628_aed13509f1bd> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase."@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Suspensions show no significant effect on light."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_0b15f4ae_092e_4487_9100_3c44176c545c>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_0e030040_98a7_49b2_a871_dced1f3a6131>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_b9695e87_8261_412e_83cd_a86459426a28> ;
    owl:disjointUnionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_2dd512a1_5187_47cc_b0b8_141214e22b59> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_33e0ac8b_a318_4285_b1de_e95347784632> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_42185fe7_122c_4e0c_a3cd_659d3e21c389> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_47fe2379_be21_48d1_9ede_402f0faf494b> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_c457b6b9_5e73_4853_ae08_d776c12b8058> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_d4f37e32_16ae_4cc6_b4cd_fd896b2449c4> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_e0edfb9e_9a96_4fae_b942_831ffe27b84a> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_e9e02156_651f_41c8_9efb_d5da0d4ce5e2> ) ;
    skos:prefLabel "Suspension"@en .

mereotopology:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 a owl:ObjectProperty,
        owl:TransitiveProperty ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf mereotopology:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ;
    skos:prefLabel "hasProperPart"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_ae2d1a96_bfa1_409a_a7d2_03d69e8a125a> a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The relation between a process and an object participating to it."@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part (and then be connected) of the process to contribute to it."@en,
        "Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters."@en ;
    rdfs:domain <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce> ;
    rdfs:range <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_49804605_c0fe_4538_abda_f70ba1dc8a5d> ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf mereotopology:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ;
    skos:prefLabel "hasParticipant"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_3a185e6c_9e19_4776_b583_19c978156aa0> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The base units in the SI system."@en ;
    rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_db716151_6b73_45ff_910c_d182fdcbb4f5>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_32129fb5_df25_48fd_a29c_18a2f22a2dd5> ;
    owl:disjointUnionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_2e5e45fc_f52c_4294_bdc2_5ed7a06dfce7> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_314ba716_2d3d_4462_9a4f_d3419ae1df43> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_7db11dbf_a643_464a_9b56_07eabcc3e9c5> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_8d00f093_3f45_4ea3_986c_b3545c3c2f4c> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_9bfd6f1e_b0ce_459c_beb7_8f1f41708bba> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_db5dd38d_ac79_4af6_8782_fee7e7150ae8> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_df6eeb01_1b41_4bd8_9257_a04fbd7cf000> ) ;
    skos:prefLabel "SIBaseUnit"@en .

rdfs:seeAlso rdfs:comment """EMMO applies the naming convension to its sub-properties of rdfs:seeAlso that their label must end with one of the following terms:
  - 'Match': resolvable URLs to corresponding entity in another ontology
  - 'Entry': resolvable URLs to a human readable resource describing the subject
  - 'Ref': non-resolvable reference to a human readable resource describing the subject"""@en,
        "Indicate a resource that might provide additional information about the subject resource."@en .

isq:EMMO_f2ca6dd0_0e5f_4392_a92d_cafdae6cfc95 a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_89762966_8076_4f7c_b745_f718d653e8e2> ;
    skos:prefLabel "SIExactConstant"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_67fc0a36_8dcb_4ffa_9a43_31074efa3296> a owl:AsymmetricProperty,
        owl:InverseFunctionalProperty,
        owl:IrreflexiveProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:comment "Relates the physical quantity to its unit through spatial direct parthood."@en ;
    rdfs:domain <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_f658c301_ce93_46cf_9639_4eace2c5d1d5> ;
    rdfs:range <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_18ce5200_00f5_45bb_8c6f_6fb128cd41ae> ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_b2282816_b7a3_44c6_b2cb_3feff1ceb7fe> ;
    owl:versionInfo """In EMMO version 1.0.0-beta, physical quantities used the hasReferenceUnit object property to relate them to their units via physical dimensionality. This was simplified in 1.0.0-alpha3 in order to make reasoning faster.

The restriction (e.g. for the physical quantity Length)

    Length hasReferenceUnit only (hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension)

was in 1.0.0-alpha3 changed to

    Length hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension

Likewise were the universal restrictions on the corresponding unit changed to excistential. E.g.

    Metre hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension

was changed to

    Metre hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension

The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimension.""" ;
    skos:prefLabel "hasReferenceUnit"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Physical' that possesses some 'Massive' parts."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty mereotopology:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_385b8f6e_43ac_4596_ad76_ac322c68b7ca> ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1> ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_7afbed84_7593_4a23_bd88_9d9c6b04e8f6> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_98ada9d8_f1c8_4f13_99b5_d890f5354152>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Matter"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Item' that has part some 'Elementary' and whose temporal proper parts are only 'Physical'-s (i.e. it can be perceived without interruptions in time)."@en ;
    rdfs:comment """A 'Physical' is the class that contains all the individuals that stand for real world objects that interact physically with the ontologist, i.e. physical objects.

A physical object must be perceived through physical interaction by the ontologist. Then the ontologist can declare an individual standing for the physical object just perceived.

Perception is a subcategory of physical interactions. It is an interaction that stimulate a representation of the physical object within the ontologist (the agent)."""@en,
        """A 'Physical' must include at least an 'Elementary' part, and can include 'Void' parts.

A 'Physical' may include as part also the 'Void' surrounding or enclosed by its 'Physical' sub parts.

There are no particular criteria for 'Physical'-s structure, except that is made of some 'Elementary'-s as proper parts and not only 'Void'.

This is done in order to take into account the quantum nature of physical systems, in which the actual position of sub-components (e.g. electrons in an atom) is not known except for its probability distribution function (according to the Copenhagen interpretation.)

e.g. a real world object that has spatial parts an atom and a cubic light year of void, extending for some time, can be a physical object."""@en,
        """A 'Physical' with dimensions other than 4D cannot exist, following the restriction of the parent 'EMMO' class.

It follows from the fact that perception is always unfolding in time.

e.g. you always have an aperture time when you take a picture or measure a property. Instantaneous perceptions are idealizations (abstractions) or a very small time measurement."""@en,
        """From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”). 

Here the word relates to things perceived through the senses as opposed to the mind; tangible or concrete."""@en,
        "In the EMMO there are no relations such as occupiesSpace, since 'Physical'-s are themselves the 4D regions."@en,
        """The EMMO can be used to represent real world entities as 'Physical'-s that are easy to connect to classical or quantum mechanical based models.

Classical mechanics poses no representational issues, for the EMMO: the 4D representation of 'Physical'-s is consistent with classical physics systems.

However, the representation of 'Physical'-s that are typically analized through quantum mechanics (e.g. molecules, atoms, clusters), is not straightforward.

1) De Broglie - Bohm interpretation
The most simple approach is to rely on Bohmian mechanics, in which each particle is supposed to exists in a specific position between measurements (hidden variables approach), while its trajectory is calculated using a Guiding Equation based on a quantum field calculated with the Schroedinger Equation.

While this approach is really easy to implement in an ontology, since each entity has its own well defined 4D region, its mathematical representation failed to receive large consensus due to the difficulties to include relativistic effects, to be extended to subnuclear scale and the strong non-locality assumtpion of the quantum field.

Nevertheless, the Bohmian mechanics is a numerical approach that is used in electronic models to reduce the computational effort of the solution of Schroedinger Equation.

In practice, an EMMO user can declare a 'physical' individual that stand for the whole quantum system to be described, and at the same time all sub-parts individuals can be declared, having them a well defined position in time, according to De Broglie - Bohm interpretation. The Hamiltonian can be calculated by considering the sub-part individuals.

'physical'-s are then made of 'physical' parts and 'void' parts that stand for the space between 'physical'-s (e.g. the void between electrons and nucleus in an atom).

2) Copenhagen interpretation
In this interpretation the properties (e.g. energy level, position, spin) of a particle are not defined in the interval between two measurements and the quantum system is entangled (i.e. properties of particles in the sysyem are correlated) and described by a global wavefunction obtained solving the Schroedinger Equation. 

Upon measurement, the wavefunction collapses to a combination of close eigenstates that provide information about bservables of the system components (e.g. position, energy).

The EMMO can be used to represent 'physical'-s that can be related to Copenhagen based models. In practice, the user should follow these steps:

a) define the quantum system as a 'physical' individual (e.g. an H2 molecule) under a specific class (e.g. 'h2_molecule'). This individual is the whole.

b) define the axioms of the  class that describe how many sub-parts are expected for the whole and their class types (e.g. 'h2_molecule' has axioms 'has_proper_part exactly 2 electron' and 'has_proper_part exactly 2 nucleus)

c) the user can now connect the whole to a Schroedinger equation based model whose Hamiltonian is calculated trough the information coming only from the axioms. No individuals are declared for the subparts!

d) a measurement done on the quantum system that provides information on the sub-part observables is interpreted as wavefunction collapse and leads to the end of the whole and the declaration of the sub-parts individuals which can be themselves other quantum systems 

e.g. if the outer electron of the H2 molecule interacts with another entity defining its state, then the whole that stands for the entangled H2 molecule becomes a 'physical' made of an electron individual, a quantum system made of one electron and two nuclei and the void between them.

e.g. in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation the user represent the atom by un-entangling nucleus and electronic cloud. The un-entanglement comes in the form of declaration of individual as parts.

e.g. the double slit experiment can be represent in the EMMO as:
a) before the slit: a 'physical' that extend in space and has parts 'electron' and 'void', called 'single_electron_wave_function'. 'electron' and 'void' are only in the axioms and not decalred individuals.
b) during slit passage: a 'physical' made of one declared individual, the 'electron'.
c) after the slit: again 'single_electron_wave_function'
d) upon collision with the detector:  'physical' made of one declared individual, the 'electron'."""@en,
        """The purpose of the 'Physical' branch is to provide a representation of the real world objects, while the models used to name, explain or predict the behaviour of the real world objects lay under the 'Semiotic' branch.

More than one semiotic representation can be connected to the same 'Physical'.

e.g. Navier-Stokes or Euler equation applied to the same fluid are an example of mathematical model used to represent a physical object for some specific interpreter."""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:allValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d> ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_7afbed84_7593_4a23_bd88_9d9c6b04e8f6> ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty mereotopology:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360> ],
        mereotopology:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ;
    skos:prefLabel "Physical"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_36c79456_e29c_400d_8bd3_0eedddb82652> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of spatial direct parts."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states.

If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin."""@en ;
    rdfs:comment """Direct partitions declaration is a choice of the ontologist that choses the classes to be used as direct parts, according to its own world view.

A 'State' can always be direct partitioned in 'Elementary'-s and 'Void' or 'Physical'.

e.g. the water in my glass can be seen as a single object without declaring direct parts, or as made of H2O molecules direct parts."""@en,
        """The definition of 'State' implies that its spatial direct parts (i.e. 'physicals') are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in a 'State' is constant.

This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the 'State' direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself.

There is no change in granularity or cardinality of direct parts of a 'State'.

The use of spatial direct parthood in 'State' definition means that a 'State' cannot overlap in space another 'State'."""@en,
        """The usefulness of 'State' is that it makes it possible to describe the evolution in time of an 'Existent' in terms of series of 'State'-s that can take into account the disappearance or appearance of parts within a 'Physical'. 

A 'State' is a recognizable granularity level of matter, in the sense that its direct parts do not appear or disappear within its lifetime as it can be for a generic 'Existent'."""@en,
        """There is no change in granularity or cardinality of parts within a state.

The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that a state cannot overlap in space another state that is direct part of the same whole."""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onProperty <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_b2282816_b7a3_44c6_b2cb_3feff1ceb7fe> ;
            owl:someValuesFrom <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d> ],
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_15db234d_ecaf_4715_9838_4b4ec424fb13> ;
    skos:prefLabel "State"@en .

mereotopology:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment """A real world object is self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are connected to each other (here the concept of connection is primitive). 

Alternatively, using the primitive path-connectivity concept we can define a self-connected real world object as an object for which each couple of points is path-connected."""@en,
        """An 'Item' individual stands for a real world self-connected object which can be represented as a whole made of connected parts (e.g. a car made of components).

In the EMMO, connectivity is the topological foundation of causality.

All physical systems, i.e. systems whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by 'Item'-s.

Members of a 'Collection' lack of causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical system as a whole."""@en,
        "From Latin item, \"likewise, just so, moreover\"."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf mereotopology:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ;
    owl:disjointUnionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_29072ec4_ffcb_42fb_bdc7_26f05a2e9873> <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d> ) ;
    skos:prefLabel "Item"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_6795a4b8_ffd0_4588_a581_a9413fe49cac> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Non-SI units mentioned in the SI."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-SI_units_mentioned_in_the_SI" ;
    rdfs:comment "This is a list of units that are not defined as part of the International System of Units (SI), but are otherwise mentioned in the SI brouchure, because either the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) accepts their use as being multiples or submultiples of SI-units, they have important contemporary application worldwide, or are otherwise commonly encountered worldwide."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_3ee80521_3c23_4dd1_935d_9d522614a3e2>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_591e02fd_8d37_45a6_9d11_bb21cef391a0> ;
    owl:disjointUnionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_00dd79e0_31a6_427e_9b9c_90f3097e4a96> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_053648ea_3c0a_468c_89cb_eb009239323a> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_1e0b665d_db6c_4752_a6d4_262d3a8dbb46> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_21ef2ed6_c086_4d24_8a75_980d2bcc9282> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_28ef05a7_ecc1_4df6_8116_c53251fbd4a8> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_6a4547ab_3abb_430d_b81b_ce32d47729f5> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_6c7160fc_cc64_46f0_b43b_aba65e9952e3> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_a155dc93_d266_487e_b5e7_2a2c72d5ebf9> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_b41515a9_28d8_4d78_8165_74b2fc72f89e> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_b8830065_3809_41b7_be3c_e33795567fd9> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_cabb20f0_05c7_448f_9485_e129725f15a4> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_d6eb0176_a0d7_4b4e_8df0_50e912be2342> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_e29f84db_4c1c_46ae_aa38_c4d47536b972> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_f8b92999_3cde_46e3_99d5_664da3090a02> ) ;
    skos:prefLabel "SIAcceptedSpecialUnit"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_d8d2144e_5c8d_455d_a643_5caf4d8d9df8> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Mathematical"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_591e02fd_8d37_45a6_9d11_bb21cef391a0> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A unit that does not belong to any system of units."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """eV
barn"""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_b081b346_7279_46ef_9a3d_2c088fcd79f4> ;
    skos:prefLabel "OffSystemUnit"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_b2282816_b7a3_44c6_b2cb_3feff1ceb7fe> a owl:AsymmetricProperty,
        owl:InverseFunctionalProperty,
        owl:IrreflexiveProperty,
        owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:domain <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_36c79456_e29c_400d_8bd3_0eedddb82652> ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054> ;
    skos:prefLabel "hasSpatialDirectPart"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_a1083d0a_c1fb_471f_8e20_a98f881ad527> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet)."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "The class of letter \"A\" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark."@en ;
    rdfs:comment """Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology.

A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet.
e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols

A Symbol may be a String in another language.
e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters."""@en,
        """Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). 

Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. 
(Wikipedia)"""@en,
        "The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40> ;
    skos:prefLabel "Symbol"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_471cb92b_edca_4cf9_bce8_a75084d876b8> a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_7d2afa66_ae9e_4095_a9bf_421d0be401b6> ;
    owl:disjointUnionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_068c4e58_2470_4b1c_8454_010dd4906100> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_1181c938_c8f0_4ad6_bc7a_2bfdc0903d29> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_1d8b370b_c672_4d0c_964e_eaafcbf2f51f> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_21aaefc1_3f86_4208_b7db_a755f31f0f8c> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_23bfe79a_cade_48f1_9a8c_fd96e6bac8ba> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_254472c6_3dbd_4f02_bc43_571389cd281f> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_3a204900_2b33_47d1_b444_815cc4c8cffa> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_42955b2d_b465_4666_86cc_ea3c2d685753> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_43a6b269_da31_4bb6_a537_c97df4fff32a> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_5cf9f86c_86f5_40c4_846d_60371f670e0a> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_5eaecadc_4f0d_4a3a_afc7_1fc0b83cc928> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_74931b1b_c133_4e59_9a75_1bf0e1626201> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_9ff3bf8e_2168_406e_8251_1d158fc948ae> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_a3a701ed_6f7d_4a10_9aee_dfa1961fc7b7> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_a8eb4bbb_1bd3_4ad4_b114_2789bcbd2134> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_b55cd09a_e54d_4eb1_81dd_03c29d1b878e> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_daa9ee97_4c5f_42e5_918c_44d7523e8958> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_e1981c25_7c55_4020_aa7a_d2e14ced86d4> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_e79c62ff_10ad_4ec0_baba_c19ddd4eaa11> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_f5769206_9257_4b08_bf7b_dad7868c6afc> ) ;
    skos:prefLabel "SIMetricPrefix"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_3446e167_c576_49d6_846c_215bb8878a55> a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:domain <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0> ;
    rdfs:range <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_1eed0732_e3f1_4b2c_a9c4_b4e75eeb5895> ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_eb3518bf_f799_4f9e_8c3e_ce59af11453b> ;
    skos:prefLabel "hasVariable"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_e9ffc696_5228_4ff9_8a60_0f5e05e9931b> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The 22 derived units that are given a special name in the SI system that stands for units derived by SI base units."@en ;
    annotations:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Units#Derived_units" ;
    rdfs:comment "These units are SI coherent by definition."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_3ee80521_3c23_4dd1_935d_9d522614a3e2>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_32129fb5_df25_48fd_a29c_18a2f22a2dd5> ;
    owl:disjointUnionOf ( <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_00199e76_69dc_45b6_a9c6_98cc90cdc0f5> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_080052a1_f295_44be_a60f_1326ce13f1ba> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_33b67e69_3645_4c73_b100_5ea6759221b4> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_59c10c5c_47bd_4348_ba39_38836607dfa1> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_696ed548_9477_45ea_993c_6a8f5271914a> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_8a70dea4_d6ab_4260_b931_a3e990982416> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_a121bb1d_5225_4c78_809b_0268c3012208> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_a80dc6f5_b1aa_41a7_a3a8_cd5040da2162> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_a9201b2f_e6de_442a_b3a6_d292a5820bc5> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_a979c531_f9fa_4a6e_93c1_a2960241ca64> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_acb50123_87a2_4753_b36c_f87114ad4de2> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_b20be325_8bfd_4237_bee7_201ab0fd9c75> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_b71e4ba5_8f73_4199_8c96_7ea7f94d9e2a> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_cf3dd6cc_c5d6_4b3d_aef4_82f3b7a361af> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_d7b7fd1e_645a_42cb_8f40_85f0d034d3ae> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_d7f11b34_a121_4519_87c0_aa754f1c4737> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_da1dd4a7_c611_4ad4_bef6_7646f28aa598> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_dc232f53_8ed8_4ddd_9f41_cc057985eadb> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_e2207e91_02b0_4a8a_b13e_61d2a2a839f1> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_e75f580e_52bf_4dd5_af70_df409cec08fd> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_f2523820_04a6_44ab_bb67_8237dda2b0c2> <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_fab003c8_f7a6_4346_9988_7161325ed7a3> ) ;
    skos:prefLabel "SISpecialUnit"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_faf79f53_749d_40b2_807c_d34244c192f4> a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:domain <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_4ce76d7f_03f8_45b6_9003_90052a79bfaa> ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topDataProperty ;
    skos:prefLabel "hasNumericalData"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_9895a1b4_f0a5_4167_ac5e_97db40b8bfcc> a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A symbol that, following SI specifications, describe the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity and the exponents of the base units in a measurement unit."@en ;
    rdfs:comment """All physical quantities, with the exception of counts, are derived quantities, which may be written in terms of base quantities according to the equations of physics. The dimensions of the derived quantities are written as products of powers of the dimensions of the base quantities using the equations that relate the derived quantities to the base quantities.
In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product,

dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η

where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents.
(SI brochure)"""@en,
        """The conventional symbolic representation of the dimension of a base quantity is a single upper case letter in roman (upright) type. The conventional symbolic representation of the dimension of a derived quantity is the product of powers of the dimensions of the base quantities according to the definition of the derived quantity. The dimension of a quantity Q is denoted by dim Q.
ISO 80000-1"""@en,
        """The expression used by the EMMO for physical dimensions is a metrological symbol (but a string at meta level, i.e. the ontologist level) like this:
 
Ta Lb Mc Id Θe Nf Jg

where a, b, c, d, e, f and g are 0 or signed integers.

Regex for the physical dimension symbol for the EMMO is:
^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$

Examples of correspondance between base units and physical dimensions are:
mol -> T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0
s -> T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0"""@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_50a3552e_859a_4ff7_946d_76d537cabce6>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_985bec21_989f_4b9e_a4b3_735d88099c3c>,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_a1083d0a_c1fb_471f_8e20_a98f881ad527> ;
    skos:prefLabel "PhysicalDimension"@en .

isq:EMMO_2946d40b_24a1_47fa_8176_e3f79bb45064 a owl:Class ;
    annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ)."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_f35cff4d_dc09_44cf_a729_22fb79e3bfb2,
        <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_71f6ab56_342c_484b_bbe0_de86b7367cb3> ;
    skos:prefLabel "ISQDerivedQuantity"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_bed1d005_b04e_4a90_94cf_02bc678a8569> a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:range <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_9895a1b4_f0a5_4167_ac5e_97db40b8bfcc> ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204> ;
    skos:prefLabel "hasPhysicalDimension"@en .

<http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_23b579e1_8088_45b5_9975_064014026c42> a owl:DatatypeProperty,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:domain <http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_a1083d0a_c1fb_471f_8e20_a98f881ad527> ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topDataProperty ;
    skos:prefLabel "hasSymbolData"@en .

[] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger .

[] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger .

[] owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger .

[] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger .

[] owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger .

[] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger .

[] owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger .

[] owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger .

[] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger .