@prefix : . @prefix isq: . @prefix owl: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix xml: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix skos: . @prefix annotations: . @base . rdf:type owl:Ontology . ################################################################# # Annotation properties ################################################################# ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/isq#EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment """A unique string describing the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity. See the comments of PhysicalDimension for a description of this \"regex\" string."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "physicalDimension"@en ; rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:comment ; rdfs:range xsd:string . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment "URL to corresponing entity in QUDT."@en ; rdfs:seeAlso "http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html"^^xsd:anyURI ; skos:prefLabel "qudtEntry"@en ; rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:seeAlso ; rdfs:range xsd:anyURI . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#EMMO_21ae69b4_235e_479d_8dd8_4f756f694c1b annotations:EMMO_21ae69b4_235e_479d_8dd8_4f756f694c1b rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; owl:deprecated "Replaced by skos:altLabel" ; skos:prefLabel "altLabel"@en ; rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:comment . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#EMMO_50c298c2_55a2_4068_b3ac_4e948c33181f annotations:EMMO_50c298c2_55a2_4068_b3ac_4e948c33181f rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment "URL to corresponding entry in the IEC Electropedia online database of ISO 80000 terms and definitions of quantities and units available at http://www.electropedia.org/."@en ; rdfs:seeAlso "http://www.electropedia.org/"^^xsd:anyURI ; skos:prefLabel "IECEntry"@en ; rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:range xsd:anyURI . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#EMMO_5525a055_dda5_4556_8b91_f0d22fa676cc annotations:EMMO_5525a055_dda5_4556_8b91_f0d22fa676cc rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; owl:deprecated "Replaced by dcterms:license" ; skos:prefLabel "license"@en ; rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:comment . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment "URL to corresponding concept in DBpedia."@en ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://wiki.dbpedia.org/"^^xsd:anyURI ; skos:prefLabel "dbpediaEntry"@en ; rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:seeAlso ; rdfs:range xsd:anyURI . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment "Human readable definition of a concept."@en ; skos:prefLabel "definition"@en ; rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:comment ; rdfs:range xsd:string . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#EMMO_8de5d5bf_db1c_40ac_b698_095ba3b18578 annotations:EMMO_8de5d5bf_db1c_40ac_b698_095ba3b18578 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "3‑1.1 (refers to length)"@en ; rdfs:comment "Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000."@en ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en"^^xsd:anyURI ; skos:prefLabel "ISO80000Ref"@en ; rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:range rdf:PlainLiteral . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment "Short enlightening explanation of a concept."@en ; skos:prefLabel "elucidation"@en ; rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:comment ; rdfs:range xsd:string . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#EMMO_a9b3d04c_7ceb_40a2_b8d3_28d514a770a8 annotations:EMMO_a9b3d04c_7ceb_40a2_b8d3_28d514a770a8 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment "URL to CODATA Internationally recommended 2018 values of physical constants."@en ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/index.html"^^xsd:anyURI ; skos:prefLabel "codataEntry"@en ; rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:seeAlso ; rdfs:range xsd:anyURI . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#EMMO_b306ae38_938e_48fe_83e9_6141e08b596f annotations:EMMO_b306ae38_938e_48fe_83e9_6141e08b596f rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment "URL to corresponding concept in the Basic Datatype Ontology (DBO)"@en ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://github.com/TechnicalBuildingSystems/Ontologies/blob/master/BasicDataTypeOntology/ontology.ttl"^^xsd:anyURI ; skos:prefLabel "bdoMatch"@en ; rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:seeAlso ; rdfs:range xsd:anyURI . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment "Illustrative example of how the entity is used."@en ; skos:prefLabel "example"@en ; rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:comment ; rdfs:range xsd:string . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d annotations:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment "URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry."@en ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.wikipedia.org/" ; skos:prefLabel "wikipediaEntry"@en ; rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:seeAlso ; rdfs:range xsd:anyURI . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#EMMO_cd5fb112_7ee7_4120_a35d_3ca3e6c3f4ab annotations:EMMO_cd5fb112_7ee7_4120_a35d_3ca3e6c3f4ab rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; owl:deprecated "Replaced by dcterms:creator" ; skos:prefLabel "author"@en ; rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:comment . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#EMMO_e55f2d7c_9893_48cd_b4a4_fdf38253bd20 annotations:EMMO_e55f2d7c_9893_48cd_b4a4_fdf38253bd20 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment "IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure"@en ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html"^^xsd:anyURI , "https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM"^^xsd:anyURI ; skos:prefLabel "omMatch"@en ; rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:seeAlso ; rdfs:range xsd:anyURI . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/annotations#EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:comment "DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC"@en ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://goldbook.iupac.org/"^^xsd:anyURI ; skos:prefLabel "iupacEntry"@en ; rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:seeAlso ; rdfs:range xsd:anyURI . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/abstract rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/license rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/title rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy rdfs:isDefinedBy rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:seeAlso . ### http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso rdfs:seeAlso rdfs:comment """EMMO applies the naming convension to its sub-properties of rdfs:seeAlso that their label must end with one of the following terms: - 'Match': resolvable URLs to corresponding entity in another ontology - 'Entry': resolvable URLs to a human readable resource describing the subject - 'Ref': non-resolvable reference to a human readable resource describing the subject"""@en , "Indicate a resource that might provide additional information about the subject resource."@en . ### http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#minQualifiedCardinality owl:minQualifiedCardinality rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#qualifiedCardinality owl:qualifiedCardinality rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel skos:altLabel rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:label ; rdfs:range rdf:PlainLiteral . ### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#hiddenLabel skos:hiddenLabel rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:label ; rdfs:range rdf:PlainLiteral . ### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel skos:prefLabel rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:label ; rdfs:range rdf:PlainLiteral . ################################################################# # Object Properties ################################################################# ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_ae2d1a96_bfa1_409a_a7d2_03d69e8a125a rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The relation between a process and an object participating to it."@en ; rdfs:comment "Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part (and then be connected) of the process to contribute to it."@en , "Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters."@en ; skos:prefLabel "hasParticipant"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_c5aae418_1622_4d02_93c5_21159e28e6c1 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf , ; skos:prefLabel "hasProperParticipant"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_3446e167_c576_49d6_846c_215bb8878a55 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; skos:prefLabel "hasVariable"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_67fc0a36_8dcb_4ffa_9a43_31074efa3296 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdf:type owl:InverseFunctionalProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty , owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "Relates the physical quantity to its unit through spatial direct parthood."@en ; owl:versionInfo """In EMMO version 1.0.0-alpha2, physical quantities used the hasReferenceUnit object property to relate them to their units via physical dimensionality. This was simplified in 1.0.0-alpha3 in order to make reasoning faster. The restriction (e.g. for the physical quantity Length) Length hasReferenceUnit only (hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension) was in 1.0.0-alpha3 changed to Length hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension Likewise were the universal restrictions on the corresponding unit changed to excistential. E.g. Metre hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension was changed to Metre hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimension.""" ; skos:prefLabel "hasReferenceUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_8ef3cd6d_ae58_4a8d_9fc0_ad8f49015cd0 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdf:type owl:InverseFunctionalProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty , owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood."@en ; skos:prefLabel "hasQuantityValue"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_bed1d005_b04e_4a90_94cf_02bc678a8569 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:range ; skos:prefLabel "hasPhysicalDimension"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_24c71baf_6db6_48b9_86c8_8c70cf36db0c rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; skos:prefLabel "hasModel"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; skos:prefLabel "hasProperty"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_65a2c5b8_e4d8_4a51_b2f8_e55effc0547d rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdf:type owl:InverseFunctionalProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty , owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; skos:prefLabel "hasTemporalDirectPart"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_663859e5_add3_4c9e_96fb_c99399de278d rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdf:type owl:InverseFunctionalProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty , owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasSpatioTemporalDirectPart"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_b2282816_b7a3_44c6_b2cb_3feff1ceb7fe rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdf:type owl:InverseFunctionalProperty , owl:AsymmetricProperty , owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; rdfs:domain ; skos:prefLabel "hasSpatialDirectPart"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_2337e25c_3c60_43fc_a8f9_b11a3f974291 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The generic EMMO semiotical relation."@en ; skos:prefLabel "semiotical"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_297999d6_c9e4_4262_9536_bd524d1c6e21 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:range ; skos:prefLabel "hasIndex"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_39c3815d_8cae_4c8f_b2ff_eeba24bec455 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:range ; skos:prefLabel "hasIcon"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_60577dea_9019_4537_ac41_80b0fb563d41 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; skos:prefLabel "hasSign"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_7fb7fe7e_bdf9_4eeb_adad_e384dd5285c6 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:range ; skos:prefLabel "hasInterpretant"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_eb3518bf_f799_4f9e_8c3e_ce59af11453b rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:range ; skos:prefLabel "hasConvention"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_03212fd7_abfd_4828_9c8e_62c293052d4b rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:equivalentProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf , [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:inverseOf ; rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty , owl:TransitiveProperty ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The superclass for all EMMO mereotopological relations."@en ; rdfs:comment "Mereotopology merges mereological and topological concepts and provides relations between wholes, parts, boundaries, etc."@en ; skos:prefLabel "mereotopological"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf , , [ owl:inverseOf ] ; rdf:type owl:TransitiveProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasPart"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_4d6504f1_c470_4ce9_b941_bbbebc9ab05d rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:equivalentProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf , [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:inverseOf ; rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasContactWith"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_517dfaf9_4970_41ac_81ee_d031627d2c7c rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:equivalentProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; owl:inverseOf ; rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty ; skos:prefLabel "disconnected"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_6703954e_34c4_4a15_a9e7_f313760ae1a8 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:equivalentProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf , [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:inverseOf ; rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:comment "Causality is a topological property between connected items."@en , "Items being connected means that there is a topological contact or \"interaction\" between them."@en ; skos:prefLabel "connected"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_6b7276a4_4b9d_440a_b577_0277539c0fc4 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty , owl:IrreflexiveProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; skos:prefLabel "hasMember"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_8c898653_1118_4682_9bbf_6cc334d16a99 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf , [ owl:inverseOf ] ; rdf:type owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:comment "Enclosure is reflexive and transitive."@en ; skos:prefLabel "encloses"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdf:type owl:TransitiveProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasProperPart"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_9cb984ca_48ad_4864_b09e_50d3fff19420 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:equivalentProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf , [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:inverseOf ; rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty ; skos:prefLabel "overcrosses"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:equivalentProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf , [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:inverseOf ; rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasOverlapWith"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_ec2472ae_cf4a_46a5_8555_1556f5a6c3c5 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:equivalentProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf ; rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty , owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The superclass for all relations used by the EMMO."@en ; skos:prefLabel "EMMORelation"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_6e046dd0_9634_4013_b2b1_9cc468087c83 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdf:type owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A relation that isolates a proper part that extends itself in time through a portion of the lifetime whole." ; skos:prefLabel "hasSpatioTemporalPart"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_7afbed84_7593_4a23_bd88_9d9c6b04e8f6 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdf:type owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A relation that isolate a proper part that covers the total spatial extension of a whole within a time interval." ; skos:prefLabel "hasTemporalPart"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdf:type owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A relation that isolates a proper part that extends itself in time within the overall lifetime of the whole, without covering the full spatial extension of the 4D whole (i.e. is not a temporal part)." ; skos:prefLabel "hasSpatialPart"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#topObjectProperty owl:topObjectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty , owl:TransitiveProperty , owl:ReflexiveProperty . ################################################################# # Data properties ################################################################# ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_faf79f53_749d_40b2_807c_d34244c192f4 rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topDataProperty ; rdfs:domain ; skos:prefLabel "hasNumericalData"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_23b579e1_8088_45b5_9975_064014026c42 rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topDataProperty ; rdf:type owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; skos:prefLabel "hasSymbolData"@en . ################################################################# # Classes ################################################################# ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_0277f24a_ea7f_4917_81b7_fb0406c8fc62 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ) ] ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A union of classes that categorize physicals under a holistic perspective: the interest is on the whole 4D object (process) and the role of its 4D parts (participants) without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part."@en ; rdfs:comment """An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need of a granularity hierarchy (in time or space). A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred. This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition."""@en , "Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos \"all, whole, entire\")"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Holistic"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A temporal part of a physical that identifies a particular type of evolution in time."@en ; rdfs:comment "A 'Process' is always a 'Physical', since a 'Void' does not have elements that evolves in time."@en , """Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every 'Physical' should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to 'Physical'-s whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D object may be of interest for the ontologist). A 'Process' is not only something that unfolds in time (which is automatically represented in a 4D ontology), but something that has a meaning for the ontologist (i.e. that the ontologist can separate from the rest of the 4D physical for any reason)."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "Process"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/holistic#EMMO_49804605_c0fe_4538_abda_f70ba1dc8a5d rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A portion of a 'Process' that participates to the process with a specific role."@en ; rdfs:comment """In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "Participant"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/isq#EMMO_02e894c3_b793_4197_b120_3442e08f58d1 isq:EMMO_02e894c3_b793_4197_b120_3442e08f58d1 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ] ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "TimeDimension"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/isq#EMMO_0329f1f5_8339_4ce4_8505_a264c6d606ba isq:EMMO_0329f1f5_8339_4ce4_8505_a264c6d606ba rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_81369540_1b0e_471b_9bae_6801af22800e ; isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Velocity" ; annotations:EMMO_50c298c2_55a2_4068_b3ac_4e948c33181f "http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-32" ; annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 """Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. -- ISO 80000-3"""@en ; annotations:EMMO_8de5d5bf_db1c_40ac_b698_095ba3b18578 "3‑10.1" ; rdfs:comment """The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. -- IEC, note 2"""@en , """The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. -- IEC, note 1"""@en ; skos:prefLabel "Velocity"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/isq#EMMO_04b3300c_98bd_42dc_a3b5_e6c29d69f1ac isq:EMMO_04b3300c_98bd_42dc_a3b5_e6c29d69f1ac rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_faab3f84_e475_4a46_af9c_7d249f0b9aef , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:allValuesFrom ] ; isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MoleFraction" ; annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Mole_fraction" ; annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture."@en ; annotations:EMMO_e55f2d7c_9893_48cd_b4a4_fdf38253bd20 "http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/AmountOfSubstanceFraction" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296" ; skos:altLabel "MoleFraction"@en ; skos:prefLabel "AmountFraction"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/isq#EMMO_04cc9451_5306_45d0_8554_22cee4d6e785 isq:EMMO_04cc9451_5306_45d0_8554_22cee4d6e785 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_2946d40b_24a1_47fa_8176_e3f79bb45064 ; isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0" ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Inductance" ; annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Inductance" ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance."@en ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076" ; skos:altLabel "Inductance"@en ; skos:prefLabel "ElectricInductance"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/isq#EMMO_04cf0295_3e8f_4693_a87f_3130d125cf05 isq:EMMO_04cf0295_3e8f_4693_a87f_3130d125cf05 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_1f087811_06cb_42d5_90fb_25d0e7e068ef ; isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Weight" ; annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Weight" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668" ; rdfs:comment "Force of gravity acting on a body."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Weight"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/isq#EMMO_06448f64_8db6_4304_8b2c_e785dba82044 isq:EMMO_06448f64_8db6_4304_8b2c_e785dba82044 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_2946d40b_24a1_47fa_8176_e3f79bb45064 ; isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Density" ; annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Density" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590" ; rdfs:comment "Mass per volume."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Density"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/isq#EMMO_07de47e0_6bb6_45b9_b55a_4f238efbb105 isq:EMMO_07de47e0_6bb6_45b9_b55a_4f238efbb105 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_ba882f34_0d71_4e4f_9d92_0c076c633a2c ; isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicNumber" ; annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Atomic_number" ; annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "Number of protons in an atomic nucleus."@en ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499" ; skos:prefLabel "AtomicNumber"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/isq#EMMO_09663630_1b84_4202_91e6_e641104f579e isq:EMMO_09663630_1b84_4202_91e6_e641104f579e rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_2946d40b_24a1_47fa_8176_e3f79bb45064 ; isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0" ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeability" ; annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Permeability_(electromagnetism)" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503" ; rdfs:comment "Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field ."@en ; skos:altLabel "ElectromagneticPermeability" ; skos:prefLabel "Permeability"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/isq#EMMO_09b9021b_f97b_43eb_b83d_0a764b472bc2 isq:EMMO_09b9021b_f97b_43eb_b83d_0a764b472bc2 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_2946d40b_24a1_47fa_8176_e3f79bb45064 ; isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Power" ; annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Power_(physics)" ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Rate of transfer of energy per unit time."@en ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792" ; skos:prefLabel "Power"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/isq#EMMO_0a88be81_343d_4388_92c1_09228ff95ada isq:EMMO_0a88be81_343d_4388_92c1_09228ff95ada rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_faab3f84_e475_4a46_af9c_7d249f0b9aef , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:allValuesFrom ] ; isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event."@en ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855" ; rdfs:comment "The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Probability"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/isq#EMMO_0ee5779e_d798_4ee5_9bfe_c392d5bea112 isq:EMMO_0ee5779e_d798_4ee5_9bfe_c392d5bea112 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_2946d40b_24a1_47fa_8176_e3f79bb45064 ; isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0" ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permittivity" ; annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Permittivity" ; annotations:EMMO_e55f2d7c_9893_48cd_b4a4_fdf38253bd20 "http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Permittivity" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507" ; rdfs:comment "Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Permittivity"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/isq#EMMO_12d4ba9b_2f89_4ea3_b206_cd376f96c875 isq:EMMO_12d4ba9b_2f89_4ea3_b206_cd376f96c875 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_31ec09ba_1713_42cb_83c7_b38bf6f9ced2 ; isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Heat" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752" ; rdfs:comment "Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Heat"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/isq#EMMO_14ff4393_0f28_4fb4_abc7_c2cc00bc761d isq:EMMO_14ff4393_0f28_4fb4_abc7_c2cc00bc761d rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1" ] ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "LuminousIntensityDimension"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/isq#EMMO_1604f495_328a_4f28_9962_f4cc210739dd isq:EMMO_1604f495_328a_4f28_9962_f4cc210739dd rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_2946d40b_24a1_47fa_8176_e3f79bb45064 ; isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCharge" ; annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_charge" ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field."@en ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923" ; skos:altLabel "Charge"@en ; skos:prefLabel "ElectricCharge"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/isq#EMMO_16f2fe60_2db7_43ca_8fee_5b3e416bfe87 isq:EMMO_16f2fe60_2db7_43ca_8fee_5b3e416bfe87 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_06448f64_8db6_4304_8b2c_e785dba82044 ; isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentration" ; annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_concentration_(chemistry)" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713" ; rdfs:comment "Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture."@en ; skos:prefLabel "MassConcentration"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/isq#EMMO_176cae33_b83e_4cd2_a6bc_281f42f0ccc8 isq:EMMO_176cae33_b83e_4cd2_a6bc_281f42f0ccc8 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_f2ca6dd0_0e5f_4392_a92d_cafdae6cfc95 ; isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0" ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/AvogadroConstant" ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. It defines the base unit mole in the SI system."""@en ; annotations:EMMO_a9b3d04c_7ceb_40a2_b8d3_28d514a770a8 "https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?na" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543" ; rdfs:comment "The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity."@en ; skos:prefLabel "AvogadroConstant"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/isq#EMMO_1a179ce4_3724_47f8_bee5_6292e3ac9942 isq:EMMO_1a179ce4_3724_47f8_bee5_6292e3ac9942 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_2946d40b_24a1_47fa_8176_e3f79bb45064 ; isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment" ; annotations:EMMO_50c298c2_55a2_4068_b3ac_4e948c33181f "http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35" , "http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-36" ; annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_dipole_moment" ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge."@en ; 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owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ] ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "VelocityDimension"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/isq#EMMO_f96feb3f_4438_4e43_aa44_7458c4d87fc2 isq:EMMO_f96feb3f_4438_4e43_aa44_7458c4d87fc2 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_852b4ab8_fc29_4749_a8c7_b92d4fca7d5a , isq:EMMO_f2ca6dd0_0e5f_4392_a92d_cafdae6cfc95 ; isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. It defines the base unit second in the SI system."""@en ; annotations:EMMO_a9b3d04c_7ceb_40a2_b8d3_28d514a770a8 "https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?nucs" ; skos:prefLabel "HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/isq#EMMO_faab3f84_e475_4a46_af9c_7d249f0b9aef isq:EMMO_faab3f84_e475_4a46_af9c_7d249f0b9aef rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_a66427d1_9932_4363_9ec5_7d91f2bfda1e ; isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """refractive index, volume fraction, fine structure constant""" ; rdfs:comment """Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). Johansson, Ingvar (2010). \"Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions\". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394."""@en ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012" ; skos:prefLabel "RatioQuantity"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/isq#EMMO_ffb73b1e_5786_43e4_a964_cb32ac7affb7 isq:EMMO_ffb73b1e_5786_43e4_a964_cb32ac7affb7 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_2946d40b_24a1_47fa_8176_e3f79bb45064 ; isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0" ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Conductance" ; annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Electrical_resistance_and_conductance" ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material."@en ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925" ; rdfs:comment "Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'."@en ; skos:altLabel "Conductance"@en ; skos:prefLabel "ElectricConductance"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/isq#EMMO_ffc7735f_c177_46a4_98e9_a54440d29209 isq:EMMO_ffc7735f_c177_46a4_98e9_a54440d29209 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf isq:EMMO_9bbab0be_f9cc_4f46_9f46_0fd271911b79 , isq:EMMO_f2ca6dd0_0e5f_4392_a92d_cafdae6cfc95 ; isq:EMMO_de178b12_5d35_4bca_8efa_a4193162571d "T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0" ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BoltzmannConstant" ; annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant" ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. 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It is now an exact quantity."@en ; skos:prefLabel "BoltzmannConstant"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/manufacturing#EMMO_494b372c_cfdf_47d3_a4de_5e037c540de8 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An engineered object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment."@en ; rdfs:comment """From Old French \"deviser\", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally \"dispose in portions,\" from Vulgar Latin \"divisare\", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning \"to divide\""""@en ; skos:prefLabel "Device"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/manufacturing#EMMO_71d1c8f0_c6e3_44b5_a4b6_1b74ff35698a rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A manufacturing process whose product is the result of the combination of more substances."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Synthesis of materials, the preparation of a cake."@en ; skos:prefLabel "ContinuumManufacturing"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/manufacturing#EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'physical' that stands for a real world object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Car, tire, composite material."@en ; rdfs:comment "The 'Engineered' branch represents real world objects that show some level of complexity/heterogeneity in their composition, and are made for a specific use."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Engineered"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/manufacturing#EMMO_8786cb47_8e1f_4968_9b15_f6d41fc51252 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A manufacturing process aimed to the production of a device made of specific components."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Assemblying a bicycle, building a car."@en ; skos:prefLabel "DiscreteManufacturing"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/manufacturing#EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The process of transforming raw materials into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes."@en ; rdfs:comment "From Latin manufacture: \"made by hand\"."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Manufacturing"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/manufacturing#EMMO_ec7464a9_d99d_45f8_965b_4e9230ea8356 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; rdfs:comment "A material that is synthesized within a manufacturing process."@en ; skos:prefLabel "EngineeredMaterial"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_04f2a2d5_e799_4692_a654_420e76f5acc1 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Gas"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_0b15f4ae_092e_4487_9100_3c44176c545c rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ) ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Dispersion"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_0e030040_98a7_49b2_a871_dced1f3a6131 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists."@en ; rdfs:comment """Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "PhaseHeterogeneousMixture"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_0e6378df_1ce8_4321_b00c_ee9beea60a67 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A single phase mixture."@en ; skos:prefLabel "PhaseHomogeneousMixture"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_1067b97a_84f8_4d22_8ace_b842b8ce355c rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'spacetime' that stands for a quantum system made of electrons."@en ; skos:prefLabel "ElectronCloud"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_10dd1eed_da7d_45a3_860c_477ca9e152aa rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Nanomaterials are Materials possessing all external dimension measuring 1-100nm"@en ; skos:prefLabel "NanoParticle"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_1f5e3e7e_72c9_40d4_91dd_ae432d7b7018 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Foam"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_2031516a_2be7_48e8_9af7_7e1270e308fe rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances."@en ; rdfs:comment "Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light,"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Solution"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_2dd512a1_5187_47cc_b0b8_141214e22b59 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Granite, sand, dried concrete."@en ; skos:prefLabel "SolidSolidSuspension"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_2fd3f574_5e93_47fe_afca_ed80b0a21ab4 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ) ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms."@en ; rdfs:comment "A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing."@en ; skos:prefLabel "StandaloneAtom"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_31557fae_b039_491c_bcbb_0ccb8711d5a6 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Sol"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_3397f270_dfc1_4500_8f6f_4d0d85ac5f71 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "H20, C6H12O6, CH4"@en ; rdfs:comment """An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class."""@en , """This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. e.g. you cannot remove H from H20 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant)."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "Molecule"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_33e0ac8b_a318_4285_b1de_e95347784632 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase."@en ; skos:prefLabel "SolidLiquidSuspension"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_3995e22d_5720_4dcf_ba3b_d0ce03f514c6 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Gel"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_40e18c93_a1b5_49ff_b06a_d9d932d1fb65 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture)."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Mayonnaise, milk."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Emulsion"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_42185fe7_122c_4e0c_a3cd_659d3e21c389 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Sparkling water"@en ; skos:prefLabel "LiquidGasSuspension"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_4354ac74_7425_43ab_92e4_6dc19d1afee9 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid."@en ; skos:prefLabel "LiquidSol"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_4588526f_8553_4f4d_aa73_a483e88d599b rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A standalone atom that has no net charge."@en ; skos:prefLabel "NeutralAtom"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_47fe2379_be21_48d1_9ede_402f0faf494b rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase."@en ; skos:prefLabel "LiquidLiquidSuspension"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_498aad49_f8d4_40a4_a9eb_efd563a0115f rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Spray"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_4a464c8d_8895_44a8_a628_aed13509f1bd rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , , ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ) ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase."@en ; rdfs:comment "Suspensions show no significant effect on light."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Suspension"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_4b3e2374_52a1_4420_8e3f_3ae6b9bf7dff rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A liquid solution made of two or more component substances."@en ; skos:prefLabel "LiquidSolution"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_4c21fb86_fdcf_444e_b498_86fe656295af rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Plasma"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_4d604a13_d1f6_42fd_818f_d3138d5e308c rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Vapor"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_50781fd9_a9e4_46ad_b7be_4500371d188d rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ) ; skos:prefLabel "Nucleon"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_560d833a_6184_410c_859a_05d982712fd7 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Aerosol"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_5a2af26d_99de_4e5e_b1cd_514be71420c3 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Smoke"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_5add9885_dc98_4fa5_8482_fdf9ba5e3889 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid."@en ; skos:prefLabel "SolidSol"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_5be9c137_325a_43d8_b7cd_ea93e7721c2d rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A gaseous solution made of more than one component type."@en ; skos:prefLabel "GasMixture"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_5cb107ba_7daa_46dd_8f9f_da22a6eac676 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A liquid solution in which the solvent is water."@en ; skos:prefLabel "AcqueousSolution"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_5d659e25_a508_43ed_903c_3707c7c7cd4b rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm"@en ; skos:prefLabel "NanoMaterial"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_5e77f00d_5c0a_44e7_baf1_2c2a4cb5b3ae rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A solid solution made of two or more component substances."@en ; skos:prefLabel "SolidSolution"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_668fbd5b_6f1b_405c_9c6b_d6067bd0595a rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform."@en ; rdfs:comment """In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of \"phase\" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)]"""@en ; skos:prefLabel "PhaseOfMatter"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_68390bfb_e307_479d_8f78_d66d8773cb1d rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A material that undergoes chemical changes."@en ; skos:prefLabel "ReactiveMaterial"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_6c487fb3_03d1_4e56_91ed_c2e16dcbef60 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably."@en ; rdfs:comment "Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Colloid"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_7509da43_56b1_4d7f_887a_65d1663df4ba rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Liquid"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_75fe4fd1_0f7e_429b_b91d_59d248561bae rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention."@en ; skos:prefLabel "NaturalMaterial"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_7d66bde4_b68d_41cc_b5fc_6fd98c5e2ff0 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Subatomic"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_8303a247_f9d9_4616_bdcd_f5cbd7b298e3 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of."@en ; rdfs:comment """A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons."""@en , "The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic."@en , "This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule."@en ; skos:prefLabel "BondedAtom"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_87ac88ff_8379_4f5a_8c7b_424a8fff1ee8 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Gas, liquid, plasma,"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Fluid"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: - it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts - the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1"""@en ; rdfs:comment "A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant."@en , """A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe."""@en , "A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Continuum"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_8f87e700_99a8_4427_8ffb_e493de05c217 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Proton"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_94010cbc_c2a6_4cb9_b29a_83aa99d2ff70 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas."@en ; skos:prefLabel "LiquidAerosol"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_96c8d72f_b436_44e2_9f7f_085c24094292 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas."@en ; skos:prefLabel "SolidAerosol"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_9bed5d66_805a_4b3a_9153_beaf67143848 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A foam of trapped gas in a solid."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Aerogel"@en ; skos:prefLabel "SolidFoam"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_a2b006f2_bbfd_4dba_bcaa_3fca20cd6be1 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Solid"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_b9695e87_8261_412e_83cd_a86459426a28 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ) ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist."@en ; rdfs:comment """In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter"""@en ; skos:prefLabel "StateOfMatter"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_c457b6b9_5e73_4853_ae08_d776c12b8058 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase."@en ; skos:prefLabel "SolidGasSuspension"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_d4f37e32_16ae_4cc6_b4cd_fd896b2449c4 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Dust, sand storm."@en ; skos:prefLabel "GasSolidSuspension"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_d69d2e95_b22f_499a_a552_17fde0d778fc rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A foam of trapped gas in a liquid."@en ; skos:prefLabel "LiquidFoam"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_db03061b_db31_4132_a47a_6a634846578b rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number."@en ; rdfs:comment "The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing,"@en ; skos:prefLabel "IonAtom"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_df808271_df91_4f27_ba59_fa423c51896c rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Neutron"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_e0edfb9e_9a96_4fae_b942_831ffe27b84a rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Rain, spray."@en ; skos:prefLabel "GasLiquidSuspension"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_e4281979_2b07_4a43_a772_4903fb3696fe rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Dust"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_e9e02156_651f_41c8_9efb_d5da0d4ce5e2 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Mud"@en ; skos:prefLabel "LiquidSolidSuspension"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_eb77076b_a104_42ac_a065_798b2d2809ad rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. An O 'atom' within an O2 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. We cannot say that H2 molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus."""@en ; rdfs:comment "An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Atom"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_ec2c8ac8_98c5_4c74_b85b_ff8e8ca6655c rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Mixture"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/materials#EMMO_f835f4d4_c665_403d_ab25_dca5cc74be52 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; skos:prefLabel "Nucleus"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_048a14e3_65fb_457d_8695_948965c89492 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "Δ" ] ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Laplacian"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_06658d8d_dcde_4fc9_aae1_17f71c0bcdec rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Vector"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_0b6ebe5a_0026_4bef_a1c1_5be00df9f98e rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "f(x) > 0"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Inequality"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_18d180e4_5e3e_42f7_820c_e08951223486 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom xsd:double ] ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:double ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onDataRange xsd:double ] ; skos:prefLabel "Real"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_1aed91a3_d00c_48af_8f43_a0c958b2512a rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "2x+3"@en ; rdfs:comment "An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number)"@en ; skos:prefLabel "AlgebricExpression"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_1cba0b27_15d0_4326_933f_379d0b3565b6 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Matrix"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_1eed0732_e3f1_4b2c_a9c4_b4e75eeb5895 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Variable' is a symbolic object that stands for a numerical defined 'Mathematical' object like e.g. a number, a vector, a matrix."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """x k"""@en ; skos:prefLabel "Variable"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_21f56795_ee72_4858_b571_11cfaa59c1a8 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A numerical data value."@en ; rdfs:comment """A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an \"atomic\" object (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). A 'Number' individual provide the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue."""@en , """In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. More than one numeral stand for the same number. In the EMMO abstract entities does not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "Number"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_223d9523_4169_4ecd_b8af_acad1215e1ff rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Exponent"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_29afdf54_90ae_4c98_8845_fa9ea3f143a8 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. The definition of density as mass/volume. y = f(x)"""@en ; skos:prefLabel "DefiningEquation"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_2b1303e8_d4c3_453b_9918_76f1d009543f rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "*" ] ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Multiplication"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_3c424d37_cf62_41b1_ac9d_a316f8d113d6 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "AlgebricOperator"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_46d5643b_9706_4b67_8bea_ed77d6026539 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "-" ] ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Minus"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_4bc29b0f_8fcc_4026_a291_f9774a66d9b8 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A function defined using functional notation."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "y = f(x)"@en ; skos:prefLabel "FunctionDefinition"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_4ce76d7f_03f8_45b6_9003_90052a79bfaa rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable\"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations)."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Numerical"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_535d75a4_1972_40bc_88c6_ca566386934f rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "=" ] ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The equals symbol."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Equals"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_54dc83cb_06e1_4739_9e45_bc09cead7f48 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom xsd:boolean ] ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:boolean ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onDataRange xsd:boolean ] ; skos:prefLabel "Boolean"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Mathematical"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_5be83f9c_a4ba_4b9a_be1a_5bfc6e891231 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( ) ; rdf:type owl:Class ] ; rdfs:subClassOf , , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:complementOf ] ] ; skos:prefLabel "MathematicalSymbol"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_707f0cd1_941c_4b57_9f20_d0ba30cd6ff3 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "ArithmeticOperator"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_88470739_03d3_4c47_a03e_b30a1288d50c rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A mathematical string that can be evaluated as true or false."@en ; skos:prefLabel "MathematicalFormula"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_89083bab_f69c_4d06_bf6d_62973b56cdc7 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:complementOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ] ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "2+2"@en ; skos:prefLabel "ArithmeticExpression"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_8de14a59_660b_454f_aff8_76a07ce185f4 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "+" ] ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Plus"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_91447ec0_fb55_49f2_85a5_3172dff6482c rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "2 * x^2 + x + 3"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Polynomial"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_98d65021_4574_4890_b2fb_46430841077f rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "2 * a - b = c"@en ; rdfs:comment "An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s"@en ; skos:prefLabel "AlgebricEquation"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_a365b3c1_7bde_41d7_a15b_2820762e85f4 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "/" ] ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Division"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_a6138ba7_e365_4f2d_b6b4_fe5a5918d403 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "1 + 1 = 2"@en ; skos:prefLabel "ArithmeticEquation"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_ae15fb4f_8e4d_41de_a0f9_3997f89ba6a2 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:allValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'varaible' that stand for a well known constant."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "π refers to the constant number ~3.14"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Constant"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_b5c58790_fb2d_42eb_b184_2a3f6ca60acb rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "∇" ] ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Gradient"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_d1d436e7_72fc_49cd_863b_7bfb4ba5276a rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation"@en ; rdfs:comment "A 'variable' whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Parameter"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_e56ee3eb_7609_4ae1_8bed_51974f0960a6 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """2+3 = 5 x^2 +3x = 5x dv/dt = a sin(x) = y"""@en ; rdfs:comment """An equation with variables can always be represented as: f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "Equation"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_f6d0c26a_98b6_4cf8_8632_aa259131faaa rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "MathematicalOperator"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_f8a2fe9f_458b_4771_9aba_a50e76afc52d rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "DifferentialOperator"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_f8bd64d5_5d3e_4ad4_a46e_c30714fecb7f rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom xsd:integer ] ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:integer ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onDataRange xsd:integer ] ; skos:prefLabel "Integer"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_f9bc8b52_85e9_4b53_b969_dd7724d5b8e4 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Expression"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_fe7e56ce_118b_4243_9aad_20eb9f4f31f6 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The dependent variable for which an equation has been written."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Unknown"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/math#EMMO_28fbea28_2204_4613_87ff_6d877b855fcd%20 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Array"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_02c0621e_a527_4790_8a0f_2bb51973c819 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:allValuesFrom ] ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ) ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model."@en ; rdfs:comment """In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. ISO 80000-1"""@en , """Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions."""@en , """Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind. However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used with quantities of specific kind only. For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides. As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m)."""@en , """— quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, — quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and — quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. ISO 80000-1"""@en ; skos:prefLabel "PhysicalQuantity"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_08b308d4_31cd_4779_a784_aa92fc730f39 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities."@en ; skos:prefLabel "DerivedUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_0a318776_b067_4de0_a2a6_cba2cf6333f8 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( ) ; rdf:type owl:Class ] ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; skos:prefLabel "IdiomaticSymbol"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_18ce5200_00f5_45bb_8c6f_6fb128cd41ae rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such. International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)"""@en , """A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quatity (e.g. as in the sentence \"the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel\"). For this reason we can't declare the axiom: ReferenceUnit SubClassOf: inverse(hasReferenceUnit) some Quantity because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities (symbolic) are distinct with properties (semiotics)."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "ReferenceUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_216f448e_cdbc_4aeb_a529_7a5fe7fc38bb rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( ) ; rdf:type owl:Class ] ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ) ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A symbol that stands for a single unit."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Some examples are \"Pa\", \"m\" and \"J\"."@en ; skos:prefLabel "UnitSymbol"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_3227b821_26a5_4c7c_9c01_5c24483e0bd0 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" ] ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """\"The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically.\" SI Brochure"""@en ; skos:prefLabel "DimensionOne"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_3ee80521_3c23_4dd1_935d_9d522614a3e2 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , , , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """Pa stands for N/m2 J stands for N m"""@en ; rdfs:comment "Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects."@en ; skos:prefLabel "SpecialUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_3f15d200_c97b_42c8_8ac0_d81d150361e2 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty."@en ; skos:prefLabel "MeasuredConstant"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_50a3552e_859a_4ff7_946d_76d537cabce6 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( ) ; rdf:type owl:Class ] ; rdfs:subClassOf , , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:complementOf ] ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000."@en ; skos:prefLabel "MetrologicalSymbol"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_591e02fd_8d37_45a6_9d11_bb21cef391a0 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A unit that does not belong to any system of units."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """eV barn"""@en ; skos:prefLabel "OffSystemUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_5ebd5e01_0ed3_49a2_a30d_cd05cbe72978 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS" ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Refractive index or volume fraction."@en , "Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out."@en ; skos:prefLabel "UnitOne"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_62f0d847_3603_45b4_bfc4_dd4511355ff2 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Measurement unit obtained by multiplying a given measurement unit by an integer greater than one."@en ; skos:prefLabel "MultipleUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_71f6ab56_342c_484b_bbe0_de86b7367cb3 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "\"Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system\"."@en ; skos:prefLabel "DerivedQuantity"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_7d2afa66_ae9e_4095_a9bf_421d0be401b6 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , , ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix."@en ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix" ; skos:prefLabel "MetricPrefix"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_868ae137_4d25_493e_b270_21ea3d94849e rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ) ] ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:complementOf ] ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part."@en ; skos:prefLabel "NonPrefixedUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_89762966_8076_4f7c_b745_f718d653e8e2 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty."@en ; skos:prefLabel "ExactConstant"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_985bec21_989f_4b9e_a4b3_735d88099c3c rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A language object used in metrology."@en ; rdfs:comment """Metrology includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application. -- International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)"""@en , "This language domain makes use of ISO 80000 concepts."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Metrological"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_9895a1b4_f0a5_4167_ac5e_97db40b8bfcc rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A symbol that, following SI specifications, describe the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity and the exponents of the base units in a measurement unit."@en ; rdfs:comment """All physical quantities, with the exception of counts, are derived quantities, which may be written in terms of base quantities according to the equations of physics. The dimensions of the derived quantities are written as products of powers of the dimensions of the base quantities using the equations that relate the derived quantities to the base quantities. In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. (SI brochure)"""@en , """The conventional symbolic representation of the dimension of a base quantity is a single upper case letter in roman (upright) type. The conventional symbolic representation of the dimension of a derived quantity is the product of powers of the dimensions of the base quantities according to the definition of the derived quantity. The dimension of a quantity Q is denoted by dim Q. ISO 80000-1"""@en , """The expression used by the EMMO for physical dimensions is a metrological symbol (but a string at meta level, i.e. the ontologist level) like this: Ta Lb Mc Id Θe Nf Jg where a, b, c, d, e, f and g are 0 or signed integers. Regex for the physical dimension symbol for the EMMO is: ^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ Examples of correspondance between base units and physical dimensions are: mol -> T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 s -> T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 A/m2 -> T0 L0 M-2 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0"""@en ; skos:prefLabel "PhysicalDimension"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_a2f94f33_71fa_443c_a1fb_d1685fc537ec rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Measurement unit obtained by dividing a given measurement unit by an integer greater than one."@en ; skos:prefLabel "SubMultipleUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_acaaa124_3dde_48b6_86e6_6ec6f364f408 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:allValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """\"Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset\" ISO 80000-1"""@en ; skos:prefLabel "BaseQuantity"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_acd1a504_ca32_4f30_86ad_0b62cea5bc02 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """A reference unit provided by a reference material. International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)"""@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l"@en ; skos:prefLabel "StandardUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_b081b346_7279_46ef_9a3d_2c088fcd79f4 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onClass ] ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ) ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """A 'Quantity' that stands for the standard reference magnitude of a specific class of measurement processes, defined and adopted by convention or by law. The numerical quantity value of the 'MeasurementUnit' is conventionally 1 and does not appear. Quantitative measurement results are expressed as a multiple of the 'MeasurementUnit'."""@en ; rdfs:comment """\"Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number\" ISO 80000-1"""@en , """\"Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations.\" \"Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra.\" https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf"""@en , """While the SI brochure treats 'MeasurementUnit' as a 'PhysicalQuantity', in the EMMO this is not possible since the latter always has two direct parts, a 'Numerical' and a 'MeasurementUnit', while the former a single 'Symbol'. SI distinguishes between a quantity (an abstract concept) and the quantity value (a number and a reference). The EMMO, following strict nominalism, considers a SI quantity as a SI quantity value, collapsing the two concepts into one: the 'Quantity'. So, for the EMMO the symbol \"kg\" is not a physical quantity but a 'MeasurementUnit', while the string \"1 kg\" is 'Physical Quantity'."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "MeasurementUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_b953f2b1_c8d1_4dd9_b630_d3ef6580c2bb rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ) ; annotations:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_constants" ; rdfs:comment """Physical constants are categorised into \"exact\" and measured constants. With \"exact\" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "PhysicalConstant"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_c46f091c_0420_4c1a_af30_0a2c8ebcf7d7 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """\"Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist\" International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)"""@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """Hardness Resilience"""@en ; rdfs:comment """\"Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only.\" International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)"""@en ; skos:prefLabel "OrdinalQuantity"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_c6d4a5e0_7e95_44df_a6db_84ee0a8bbc8e rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ) ] ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onClass ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onClass ] ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ) ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol."@en ; skos:prefLabel "PrefixedUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_c9c8f824_9127_4f93_bc21_69fe78a7f6f2 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg)"@en ; skos:prefLabel "ProcedureUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_db716151_6b73_45ff_910c_d182fdcbb4f5 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units."@en ; skos:prefLabel "BaseUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_dd4a7f3e_ef56_466c_ac1a_d2716b5f87ec rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ) ] ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 """\"A property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed by means of a number and a reference\" ISO 80000-1 \"A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such.\" International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)"""@en ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Quantity' that can be quantified with respect to a standardized reference physical instance (e.g. the prototype meter bar, the kg prototype) or method (e.g. resilience) through a measurement process."@en ; rdfs:comment """A quantitative property is always expresssed as a quantity (i.e. a number and a reference unit). For the EMMO, a nominalistic ontology, there is no property as abstract object. A property is a sign that stands for an object according to a specific code shared by some observers. For quantititative properties, one possible code that is shared between the scientific community (the observers) is the SI system of units."""@en , "Subclasses of 'QuantitativeProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling)."@en ; skos:prefLabel "QuantitativeProperty"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/metrology#EMMO_f658c301_ce93_46cf_9639_4eace2c5d1d5 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onClass ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onClass ] ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ) ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A symbolic that has parts a reference unit and a numerical object separated by a space expressing the value of a quantitative property (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit)."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """6.8 m 0.9 km 8 K 6 MeV 43.5 HRC(150 kg)"""@en ; rdfs:comment """A quantity is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write \"10 kg\", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. However, a quantitative property is always a quantity."""@en , "Referred as Quantity Value in International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)"@en , """SI distinguishes between a quantity (an abstract concept) and the quantity value (a number and a reference). The EMMO, following strict nominalism, denies the existence of abstract objects and then collapses the two concepts of SI quantity and SI quantity value into a single one: the 'Quantity'. So, for the EMMO the symbol \"kg\" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. While the string \"1 kg\" is a 'Physical Quantity'."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "Quantity"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_22522299_4091_4d1f_82a2_3890492df6db rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Experiment"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_27c5d8c6_8af7_4d63_beb1_ec37cd8b3fa3 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """The Newton's equation of motion. The Schrödinger equation. The Navier-Stokes equation."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "PhysicsEquation"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_314d0bd5_67ed_437e_a609_36d46147cea7 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is catogrized accordingly."@en ; rdfs:comment "While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist."@en ; skos:prefLabel "PhysicalPhenomenon"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_4456a5d2_16a6_4ee1_9a8e_5c75956b28ea rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume."@en ; skos:prefLabel "ContinuumModel"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_53935db0_af45_4426_b9e9_244a0d77db00 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle."@en ; skos:prefLabel "MesoscopicModel"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_6c739b1a_a774_4416_bb31_1961486fa9ed rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Theorization"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_6eca09be_17e9_445e_abc9_000aa61b7a11 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """Density functional theory. Hartree-Fock."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "ElectronicModel"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_84cadc45_6758_46f2_ba2a_5ead65c70213 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms."@en ; skos:prefLabel "AtomisticModel"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_8d2d9374_ef3a_47e6_8595_6bc208e07519 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'."@en ; rdfs:comment """The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument"""@en ; skos:prefLabel "Theory"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_939483b1_0148_43d1_8b35_851d2cd5d939 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """A 'sign' that not only stands for a 'physical' or a 'process', but it is also a simplified representation, aimed to assist calculations for its description or for predictions of its behaviour. A 'model' represents a 'physical' or a 'process' by direct similitude (e.g. small scale replica) or by capturing in a logical framework the relations between its properties (e.g. mathematical model)."""@en ; rdfs:comment "A 'model' prediction is always a prediction of the properties of an entity, since an entity is known by an interpreter only through perception."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Model"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_9c32fd69_f480_4130_83b3_fb25d9face14 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "PhysicalLaw"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_a4b14b83_9392_4a5f_a2e8_b2b58793f59b rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A computational model that uses existing data to create new insight into the behaviour of a system."@en ; skos:prefLabel "DataBasedModel"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_b29fd350_39aa_4af7_9459_3faa0544cba6 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations."@en ; skos:prefLabel "PhysicsBasedModel"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_db9a009e_f097_43f5_9520_6cbc07e7610b rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "NaturalLaw"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_e5438930_04e7_4d42_ade5_3700d4a52ab7 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables)."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """The Lennard-Jones potential. A force field. An Hamiltonian."""@en ; rdfs:comment "A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities."@en ; skos:prefLabel "MaterialRelation"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_f19ff3b4_6bfe_4c41_a2b2_9affd39c140b rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "MaterialLaw"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/models#EMMO_f7ed665b_c2e1_42bc_889b_6b42ed3a36f0 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( ) ; rdf:type owl:Class ] ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; rdfs:comment """A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968"""@en ; skos:prefLabel "MathematicalModel"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An 'Graphical' that stands for a token or a composition of tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """fe780 emmo !5*a cat for(i=0;i rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Java"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_0ab0485c_9e5b_4257_a679_90a2dfba5c7c rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "0-manifold"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_0c576e13_4ee7_4f3d_bfe9_1614243df018 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "1-manifold"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_0ef4ff4a_5458_4f2a_b51f_4689d472a3f2 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Curve"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_1da53c06_9577_4008_8652_272fa3b62be7 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Graphical' that stands for a real world object that shows a recognizable pictorial pattern without being necessarily associated to a symbolic language."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """A drawing of a cat. A circle on a paper sheet. The Mona Lisa."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "Pictorial"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_25f5ca8e_8f7f_44d8_a392_bd3fe8894458 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Plane"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_39362460_2a97_4367_8f93_0418c2ac9a08 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Point"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_3e309118_e8b7_4021_80f4_642d2df65d94 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Line"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_432192c4_111f_4e80_b7cd_c6ce1c1129ea rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Spacing"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_46f0f8df_4dc6_418f_8036_10427a3a288e rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "3-manifold"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_48716718_225f_4c88_89e2_d819d30c90a2 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A language object that follows syntactic rules of a an idiom (e.g. english, italian)."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Idiomatic"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_4b3afb22_27cf_4ce3_88bc_492bfccb546b rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer as a sound."@en ; rdfs:comment "'acoustical' refers to the perception mechanism of the observer that can occur through a microphone, a ear."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Acoustical"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_50ea1ec5_f157_41b0_b46b_a9032f17ca10 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:allValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """The word \"cat\" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. In this example the 'symbolic' entity \"cat\" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that \"cat\" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat."""@en ; rdfs:comment "A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list)."@en , "A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols."@en ; skos:prefLabel "String"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_5f278af9_8593_4e27_a717_ccc9e07a0ddf rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "EuclideanSpace"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_649bf97b_4397_4005_90d9_219755d92e34 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Physical' which stands for a real world object that can stimulate a perception (e.g. a mental impression, the excitation of a sensor) to an interpreter (human or non-human)."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """A line scratched on a surface. A sound. A smell. The word 'cat' and the sound of the word 'cat' (the first one is graphical and the second acoustical)."""@en , """The meta-semiotic process: I see a cloud in the sky. Since I'm an EMMO ontologist, I create an individual named Cloud under the 'Impression' class. This semiotic process occurs at meta-level: it's how I use the EMMO as tool for a direct representation of the world. The semiotic process within EMMO: My friend looks at the same cloud and says: \"It is an elephant\". I use the EMMO to record this experience by declaring: - my friend as MyFriend individual, belonging to 'Interpreter' classes - the sound of the word \"elephant\" as an acoustical impression individual named ElephantWord, belonging to 'Impression' - a relation hasSign between Cloud and ElephantWord, that makes ElephantWord also belonging to 'Sign' class and Cloud belonging also to 'Object' class - a 'Semiosis' individual called MyFriendElephantCloud that hasParticipant: Cloud, ElephantWord and MyFriend, respectively as object, sign and interpreter."""@en ; rdfs:comment """'Perceptual' includes real world objects that: - are part of a communication system (e.g. words, speech, alphabets) - are not part of a communication system, but can be identified and referred by an interpreter"""@en , """A 'Perceptual' is a meta-object, meaning that is addressed by the ontologist (the meta-interpreter) in a meta-semiotic process occurring outside the EMMO. A 'Perceptual' becomes an 'Object', when it is part of a 'Semiotic' process described by the ontologist through the EMMO."""@en , "From Latin perceptiō (“a receiving or collecting, perception, comprehension”), from perceptus (“perceived, observed”)."@en , """This class is the most general superclass for the categorization of real world objects that are recognizable by an interpreter (agent). A 'Perceptual' can stand for something else in a semiotic process (acting as sign or as object). However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketched on a blackboard is a recognizable 'Perceptual' but it may stand for nothing)."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "Perceptual"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_64aba1e5_24b7_4140_8eb4_676c35698e79 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A language object respectin the syntactic rules of C++."@en ; skos:prefLabel "C++"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_74b05aed_66bf_43c8_aa2c_752a9ca8be03 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Numeral"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_86060335_31c2_4820_b433_27c64aea0366 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Torus"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_8681074a_e225_4e38_b586_e85b0f43ce38 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Software"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_89a0c87c_0804_4013_937a_6fe234d9499c rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration."@en ; rdfs:comment "This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema."@en ; skos:prefLabel "SymbolicComposition"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_9268958f_7f54_48ab_a693_febe2645892b rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "2-manifold"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_a1083d0a_c1fb_471f_8e20_a98f881ad527 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet)."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "The class of letter \"A\" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark."@en ; rdfs:comment """Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols A Symbol may be a String in another language. e.g. \"Bq\" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of \"B\" and \"q\" symbols when dealing with characters."""@en , """Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. (Wikipedia)"""@en , "The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Symbol"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_a817035a_3e3c_4709_8ede_3205df3031a3 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Punctuation"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_add2e29d_6d87_4b78_9706_588e25557093 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Python"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_b2a234a8_579a_422c_9305_b8f7e72c76cd rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Circle"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_b5957cef_a287_442d_a3ce_fd39f20ba1cd rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'graphical' aimed to represent a geometrical concept."@en ; rdfs:comment """A 'geometrical' stands for real world objects that express a geometrical concept. This can be achieved in many different ways. For example, a line can be expressed by: a) an equation like y=mx+q, which is both an 'equation' and a 'geometrical' b) a line drawn with a pencil on a paper, which is simply a 'graphical' object c) a set of axioms, when the properties of a line are inferred by the interpreter reading them, that are both 'graphical' and also 'formula' The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, while c) is geometrical and a composition of idiomatic strings."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "Geometrical"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_bed2fe4c_dc7e_43a8_8200_6aac44030bff rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Letter"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_c74da218_9147_4f03_92d1_8894abca55f3 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatial configuration shows a pattern identifiable by an observer."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "'Graphical' objects include writings, pictures, sketches ..."@en ; rdfs:comment "From the Ancient Greek γραφή (graphḗ) which means drawing, painting, writing, a writing, description, and from γράφω (gráphō) which means scratch, carve."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Graphical"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_d7bf784a_db94_4dd9_861c_54f262846fbf rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "Sphere"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_d8d2144e_5c8d_455d_a643_5caf4d8d9df8 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A language object is a symbolic object respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula)."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Language"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/perceptual#EMMO_e13b2173_1dec_4b97_9ac1_1dc4b418612a rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "UTF8"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_25f8b804_9a0b_4387_a3e7_b35bce5365ee rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Photon"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_385b8f6e_43ac_4596_ad76_ac322c68b7ca rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ) ] ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The union of classes of elementary particles that possess mass."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Massive"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_3c218fbe_60c9_4597_8bcf_41eb1773af1f rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:complementOf ] ) ; rdf:type owl:Class ] ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Physical' with no 'Massive' parts."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Vacuum"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_4207e895_8b83_4318_996a_72cfb32acd94 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A matter individual that stands for a real world object representing an amount of a physical substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases."@en ; rdfs:comment "A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found."@en , "Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Material"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:allValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Physical' that possesses some 'Massive' parts."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Matter"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_70dac51e_bddd_48c2_8a98_7d8395e91fc2 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:allValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Physical' with 'Massless' parts that are mediators of interactions."@en ; rdfs:comment """The concepts of matter and field for classical physics, upon which we can categorize physical entities, are replaced in quantum physics by the more general concepts of quantum field. Here the class 'Field' refers to the quantum field of massless bosonic particles (i.e. photons, gluons), while the class 'Matter' refers to the quantum field of massive fermionic or bosonic particles (e.g. quarks, electrons)."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "Field"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_72d53756_7fb1_46ed_980f_83f47efbe105 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Quark"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_7db59e56_f68b_48b7_ae99_891c35ae5c3b rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Gluon"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_8043d3c6_a4c1_4089_ba34_9744e28e5b3d rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals that stand for electrons elemntary particles."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Electron"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_98ada9d8_f1c8_4f13_99b5_d890f5354152 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ) ] ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The perspective for which physical objects are categorized only by concepts coming from applied physical sciences."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Physicalistic"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_c26a0340_d619_4928_b1a1_1a04e88bb89d rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ) ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The union of all classes categorizing elementary particles according to the Standard Model."@en ; rdfs:comment "Only a subset of elementary particles from the Standard Model are here included for the sake of simplicity."@en ; skos:prefLabel "ElementaryParticle"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_e5488299_8dab_4ebb_900a_26d2abed8396 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ) ] ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The union of classes of elementary particles that do not possess mass."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Massless"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/physicalistic#EMMO_eb3c61f0_3983_4346_a0c6_e7f6b90a67a8 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles."@en ; rdfs:comment """While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "Graviton"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_10a5fd39_06aa_4648_9e70_f962a9cb2069 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Observation"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_1b52ee70_121e_4d8d_8419_3f97cd0bd89c rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Observer"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_251cfb4f_5c75_4778_91ed_6c8395212fd8 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Property' that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """The beauty of that girl. The style of your clothing."""@en ; rdfs:comment """The word subjective means that a non-well defined or an unknown procedure is used for the definition of the property. This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "SubjectiveProperty"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_2a888cdf_ec4a_4ec5_af1c_0343372fc978 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Property' that is determined by each 'Observer' following a well defined 'Observation' procedure through a specific perception channel."@en ; rdfs:comment "The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure."@en , "This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not."@en ; skos:prefLabel "ObjectiveProperty"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_463bcfda_867b_41d9_a967_211d4d437cfb rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Measurement"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_873b0ab3_88e6_4054_b901_5531e01f14a4 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "MeasuredQuantitativeProperty"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_909415d1_7c43_4d5e_bbeb_7e1910159f66 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered A color is a nominal property. Sex of a human being."""@en ; rdfs:comment """\"Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude.\" \"A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means.\" International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)"""@en ; skos:prefLabel "NominalProperty"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ) ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """A 'Perceptual' referring to a specific code that is used as 'Conventional' sign to represent an 'Object' according to a specific interaction mechanism by an 'Observer'. (A property is always a partial representation of an 'Object' since it reflects the 'Object' capability to be part of a specific 'Observation' process)"""@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """Hardness is a subclass of properties. Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and instruments defined by the standard hardness test."""@en , """Let's define the class 'colour' as the subclass of the properties that involve photon emission and an electromagnetic radiation sensible observer. An individual C of this class 'colour' can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) Stating that an entity E hasProperty C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). This definition can be generalized by using a generic human eye, so that the observer can be a generic human. This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type."""@en ; rdfs:comment """A 'Property' is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an observer in the same specific way. e.g. \"hot\" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source."""@en , """We know real world entities through observation/perception. A non-perceivable real world entity does not exist (or it exists on a plane of existance that has no intersection with us and we can say nothing about it). Perception/observation of a real wolrd entity occurs when the entity stimulate an observer in a peculiar way through a well defined perception channel. For this reason each property is related to a specific observation process which involves a specific observer with its own perception mechanisms. The observation process (e.g. a look, a photo shot, a measurement) is performed by an observer (e.g. you, a camera, an instrument) through a specific perception mechanism (e.g. retina impression, CMOS excitation, piezoelectric sensor activation) and involves an observed entity. An observation is a semiotic process, since it stimulate an interpretant within the interpreter who can communicate the perception result to other interpreters through a sign which is the property. Property subclasses are specializations that depend on the type of observation processes. e.g. the property 'colour' is related to a process that involves emission or interaction of photon and an observer who can perceive electromagnetic radiation in the visible frequency range. Properties usually relies on symbolic systems (e.g. for colour it can be palette or RGB)."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "Property"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_d0200cf1_e4f4_45ae_873f_b9359daea3cd rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "ModelledQuantitativeProperty"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_d8aa8e1f_b650_416d_88a0_5118de945456 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes."""@en ; rdfs:comment "A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption."@en ; skos:prefLabel "ConventionalQuantitativeProperty"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/properties#EMMO_f2d5d3ad_2e00_417f_8849_686f3988d929 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; skos:prefLabel "MeasurementInstrument"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_15db234d_ecaf_4715_9838_4b4ec424fb13 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ) ] ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A class devoted to categorize 'Physical'-s according to their granularity relations, first in terms of time evolution (Existent) and then in terms of their composition (State), up to the spatial a-tomistic element (Elementary)."@en ; rdfs:comment "Direct parthood is the relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy) for this perspective." ; skos:prefLabel "Reductionistic"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_36c79456_e29c_400d_8bd3_0eedddb82652 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of spatial direct parts."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin."""@en ; rdfs:comment """Direct partitions declaration is a choice of the ontologist that choses the classes to be used as direct parts, according to its own world view. A 'State' can always be direct partitioned in 'Elementary'-s and 'Void' or 'Physical'. e.g. the water in my glass can be seen as a single object without declaring direct parts, or as made of H2O molecules direct parts."""@en , """The definition of 'State' implies that its spatial direct parts (i.e. 'physicals') are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in a 'State' is constant. This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the 'State' direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself. There is no change in granularity or cardinality of direct parts of a 'State'. The use of spatial direct parthood in 'State' definition means that a 'State' cannot overlap in space another 'State'."""@en , """The usefulness of 'State' is that it makes it possible to describe the evolution in time of an 'Existent' in terms of series of 'State'-s that can take into account the disappearance or appearance of parts within a 'Physical'. A 'State' is a recognizable granularity level of matter, in the sense that its direct parts do not appear or disappear within its lifetime as it can be for a generic 'Existent'."""@en , """There is no change in granularity or cardinality of parts within a state. The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that a state cannot overlap in space another state that is direct part of the same whole."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "State"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/reductionistic#EMMO_52211e5e_d767_4812_845e_eb6b402c476a rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:allValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts."@en ; rdfs:comment """'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). 'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation. This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron."""@en , """An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time. By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, enforcing non-transitivity and inverse-functionality."""@en , """Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'. Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s."""@en , "ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest)."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Existent"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_008fd3b2_4013_451f_8827_52bceab11841 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """Me looking a cat and saying loud: \"Cat!\" -> the semiosis process me -> interpreter cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant \"Cat!\" -> sign, the produced sign"""@en ; skos:prefLabel "Semiosis"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_0527413c_b286_4e9c_b2d0_03fb2a038dee rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Interpreter"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_054af807_85cd_4a13_8eba_119dfdaaf38b rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Interpretant"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_0cd58641_824c_4851_907f_f4c3be76630c rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). My facial expression stands for my emotional status."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "Index"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_35d2e130_6e01_41ed_94f7_00b333d46cf9 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it."@en ; rdfs:comment "In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Conventional"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_6f5af708_f825_4feb_a0d1_a8d813d3022b rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The object, in Peirce semiotics."@en ; rdfs:comment """Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. In this way the 'sign'-ed entity become and 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign)."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "Object"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_b21a56ed_f969_4612_a6ec_cb7766f7f31d rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ) ] ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An 'Physical' that is used as sign (\"semeion\" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). Each of them are 'sign'-s. A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. The horizontal segment in the character \"A\" is direct part of \"A\" but it is not a 'sign' itself. For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols."""@en ; rdfs:comment """A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. A 'Sign' usually have 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part."""@en , """According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: - symbols: that stand for an object through convention - indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity - icon: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition"""@en ; skos:prefLabel "Sign"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_b803f122_4acb_4064_9d71_c1e5fd091fc9 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ) ] ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process."@en ; rdfs:comment """Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. \"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C.\" (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). The triadic elements: - 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) - 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) - 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object'"""@en ; skos:prefLabel "Semiotic"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/semiotics#EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' by resembling or imitating it, in shape or by sharing a similar logical structure."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity."""@en ; rdfs:comment """Three subtypes of icon are possible: (a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else [Wikipedia]"""@en ; skos:prefLabel "Icon"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_00199e76_69dc_45b6_a9c6_98cc90cdc0f5 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_847f1d9f_205e_46c1_8cb6_a9e479421f88 ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "Gy" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GRAY" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02696" ; rdfs:comment "Measurement unit for absorbed dose."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Gray"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_068c4e58_2470_4b1c_8454_010dd4906100 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue 1E-12 ] ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "p" ] ; skos:prefLabel "Pico"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_080052a1_f295_44be_a60f_1326ce13f1ba rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_c8d084ad_f88e_4596_8e4d_982c6655ce6f ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "W" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06656" ; rdfs:comment "Measurement unit for power."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Watt"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_1181c938_c8f0_4ad6_bc7a_2bfdc0903d29 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue 0.1 ] ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "d" ] ; skos:prefLabel "Deci"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_1273eb34_de48_43a9_925f_104110469dd2 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A SI derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of SI base units is one."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """m/s kg/m^3""" ; rdfs:comment "This class collects all units that are products or powers of SI base or SI special units only."@en ; skos:prefLabel "SICoherentDerivedUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_1d8b370b_c672_4d0c_964e_eaafcbf2f51f rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue 1E+1 ] ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "da" ] ; skos:prefLabel "Deka"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_21aaefc1_3f86_4208_b7db_a755f31f0f8c rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue 1E+2 ] ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "h" ] ; skos:prefLabel "Hecto"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_23bfe79a_cade_48f1_9a8c_fd96e6bac8ba rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue 1E-15 ] ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "f" ] ; skos:prefLabel "Femto"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_254472c6_3dbd_4f02_bc43_571389cd281f rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue 1E-21 ] ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "z" ] ; skos:prefLabel "Zepto"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_2e5e45fc_f52c_4294_bdc2_5ed7a06dfce7 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_a77a0a4b_6bd2_42b2_be27_4b63cebbb59e ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "K" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K" ; annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "The kelvin, symbol K, is the SI unit of thermodynamic temperature. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Boltzmann constant k to be 1.380649×10−23 when expressed in the unit J K−1, which is equal to kg m2 s−2 K−1, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs."@en ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03374" ; skos:prefLabel "Kelvin"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_314ba716_2d3d_4462_9a4f_d3419ae1df43 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_02e894c3_b793_4197_b120_3442e08f58d1 ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "s" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SEC" ; annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "The second, symbol s, is the SI unit of time. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the caesium frequency ∆νCs, the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the caesium 133 atom, to be 9192631770 when expressed in the unit Hz, which is equal to s−1."@en ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05513" ; skos:prefLabel "Second"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_32129fb5_df25_48fd_a29c_18a2f22a2dd5 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ) ; skos:prefLabel "SIUnitSymbol"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_33b67e69_3645_4c73_b100_5ea6759221b4 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_ce7d4720_aa20_4a8c_93e8_df41a35b6723 ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "kat" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KAT" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03372" ; rdfs:comment "Measurement unit for catalytic activity."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Katal"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_3a185e6c_9e19_4776_b583_19c978156aa0 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ) ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The base units in the SI system."@en ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf" ; skos:prefLabel "SIBaseUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_3a204900_2b33_47d1_b444_815cc4c8cffa rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue 1E+12 ] ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "T" ] ; skos:prefLabel "Tera"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_42955b2d_b465_4666_86cc_ea3c2d685753 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue 1E-18 ] ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "a" ] ; skos:prefLabel "Atto"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_43a6b269_da31_4bb6_a537_c97df4fff32a rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue 1E+15 ] ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "P" ] ; skos:prefLabel "Peta"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_471cb92b_edca_4cf9_bce8_a75084d876b8 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ) ; skos:prefLabel "SIMetricPrefix"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_59c10c5c_47bd_4348_ba39_38836607dfa1 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_7610efb8_c7c6_4684_abc1_774783c62472 ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "Ω" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/OHM" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04280" ; rdfs:comment "Measurement unit for resistance."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Ohm"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_5cf9f86c_86f5_40c4_846d_60371f670e0a rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue 1E+18 ] ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "E" ] ; skos:prefLabel "Exa"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_5eaecadc_4f0d_4a3a_afc7_1fc0b83cc928 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue 1E+6 ] ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "M" ] ; skos:prefLabel "Mega"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_60b78cc3_6011_4134_95ab_956f56d4bdc1 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of base units is NOT equal to one."@en ; skos:prefLabel "SINonCoherentDerivedUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_696ed548_9477_45ea_993c_6a8f5271914a rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_ab79e92b_5377_454d_be06_d61b50db295a ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "C" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01365" ; rdfs:comment "Measurement unit for electric charge."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Coulomb"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_707c6032_e272_4a20_98b5_d35c4f67be68 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ) ; rdfs:comment "Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units. When the numerical factor of this product is one, the derived units are called coherent derived units. The base and coherent derived units of the SI form a coherent set, designated the set of coherent SI units."@en ; skos:prefLabel "SICoherentUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_74931b1b_c133_4e59_9a75_1bf0e1626201 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue 1E+3 ] ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "k" ] ; skos:prefLabel "Kilo"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_7db11dbf_a643_464a_9b56_07eabcc3e9c5 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_b3600e73_3e05_479d_9714_c041c3acf5cc ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "m" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M" ; annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "The metre, symbol m, is the SI unit of length. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the speed of light in vacuum c to be 299792458 when expressed in the unit m s−1, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs."@en ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03884" ; skos:prefLabel "Metre"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_8246541a_f1f6_4d03_8bd7_fc6b76d17375 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ) ; skos:prefLabel "SINonCoherentUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_8a70dea4_d6ab_4260_b931_a3e990982416 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_f6070071_d054_4b17_9d2d_f446f7147d0f ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "J" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.J03363" ; rdfs:comment "Measurement unit for energy."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Joule"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_8d00f093_3f45_4ea3_986c_b3545c3c2f4c rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_14ff4393_0f28_4fb4_abc7_c2cc00bc761d ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "cd" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CD" ; annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "The candela, symbol cd, is the SI unit of luminous intensity in a given direction. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540×1012 Hz, Kcd, to be 683 when expressed in the unit lm W−1, which is equal to cd sr W−1, or cd sr kg−1 m−2 s3, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs."@en ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00787" ; skos:prefLabel "Candela"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_9bfd6f1e_b0ce_459c_beb7_8f1f41708bba rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_77e9dc31_5b19_463e_b000_44c6e79f98aa ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "kg" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM" ; annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "The kilogram, symbol kg, is the SI unit of mass. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant h to be 6.62607015×10−34 when expressed in the unit J s, which is equal to kg m2 s−1, where the metre and the second are defined in terms of c and ∆νCs."@en ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03391" ; skos:prefLabel "Kilogram"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_9ff3bf8e_2168_406e_8251_1d158fc948ae rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue 0.000001 ] ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "µ" ] ; skos:prefLabel "Micro"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_a121bb1d_5225_4c78_809b_0268c3012208 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "rad" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/RAD" ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Measure of plane angle."@en ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05036" ; rdfs:comment "Dimensionless measurement unit for plane angle."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Radian"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_a3a701ed_6f7d_4a10_9aee_dfa1961fc7b7 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue 0.001 ] ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "m" ] ; skos:prefLabel "Milli"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_a80dc6f5_b1aa_41a7_a3a8_cd5040da2162 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_53bd0c90_41c3_46e2_8779_cd2a80f7e18b ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "Pa" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PA" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04442" ; rdfs:comment "Measurement unit for pressure."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Pascal"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_a8eb4bbb_1bd3_4ad4_b114_2789bcbd2134 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue 1E+9 ] ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "G" ] ; skos:prefLabel "Giga"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_a9201b2f_e6de_442a_b3a6_d292a5820bc5 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_b14d9be5_f81e_469b_abca_379c2e83feab ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "F" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/FARAD" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02320" ; rdfs:comment "Measurement unit for electric capacitance."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Farad"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_a979c531_f9fa_4a6e_93c1_a2960241ca64 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_53e825d9_1a09_483c_baa7_37501ebfbe1c ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "N" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04135" ; rdfs:comment "Measurement unit for force."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Newton"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_acb50123_87a2_4753_b36c_f87114ad4de2 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_ec903946_ddc9_464a_903c_7373e0d1eeb5 ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "T" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/T" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06283" ; rdfs:comment "Measurement unit for magnetic flux density or induction."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Tesla"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_b20be325_8bfd_4237_bee7_201ab0fd9c75 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_a77a0a4b_6bd2_42b2_be27_4b63cebbb59e ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "°C" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG_C" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01561" ; rdfs:comment "Measurement unit for Celsius temperature. This unit can only be used for expressing temperature differences."@en ; skos:prefLabel "DegreeCelsius"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_b55cd09a_e54d_4eb1_81dd_03c29d1b878e rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue 0.01 ] ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "c" ] ; skos:prefLabel "Centi"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_b71e4ba5_8f73_4199_8c96_7ea7f94d9e2a rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_515b5579_d526_4842_9e6f_ecc34db6f368 ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "Bq" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/BQ" ; annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "Radioactive decays per second."@en ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00624" ; rdfs:comment "Unit for radioactive activity."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Becquerel"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_cf3dd6cc_c5d6_4b3d_aef4_82f3b7a361af rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "sr" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SR" ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Dimensionless measurement unit for solid angle."@en ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05971" ; skos:prefLabel "Steradian"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_d41ce84b_4317_41fb_a5d1_6cd281fca106 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A SI base or special unit with a metric prefix."@en ; rdfs:comment "The presence of the prefix makes this units non-coherent with SI system."@en ; skos:prefLabel "SIPrefixedUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_d7b7fd1e_645a_42cb_8f40_85f0d034d3ae rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_14ff4393_0f28_4fb4_abc7_c2cc00bc761d ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "lm" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/LM" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03639" ; rdfs:comment "Measurement unit for luminous flux."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Lumen"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_d7f11b34_a121_4519_87c0_aa754f1c4737 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_4c49ab58_a6f6_409e_b849_f873ae1dcbee ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "Wb" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/WB" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06666" ; rdfs:comment "Measurement unit for magnetic flux."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Weber"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_da1dd4a7_c611_4ad4_bef6_7646f28aa598 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_668e6ead_1530_40cc_ad5e_24b880edff50 ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "lx" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/LUX" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03651" ; rdfs:comment "Measurement unit for illuminance."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Lux"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_daa9ee97_4c5f_42e5_918c_44d7523e8958 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue 1E+21 ] ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "Z" ] ; skos:prefLabel "Zetta"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_db5dd38d_ac79_4af6_8782_fee7e7150ae8 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_d5f3e0e5_fc7d_4e64_86ad_555e74aaff84 ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "A" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A" ; annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "The ampere, symbol A, is the SI unit of electric current. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the elementary charge e to be 1.602176634×10−19 when expressed in the unit C, which is equal to A s, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs."@en ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00300" ; skos:prefLabel "Ampere"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_dc232f53_8ed8_4ddd_9f41_cc057985eadb rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_847f1d9f_205e_46c1_8cb6_a9e479421f88 ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "Sv" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SV" ; annotations:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_dose" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05658" ; rdfs:comment """Measurement unit for equivalent doseof ionizing radiation. Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological effectiveness of the radiation, which is dependent on the radiation type and energy."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "Sievert"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_df6eeb01_1b41_4bd8_9257_a04fbd7cf000 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_e501069c_34d3_4dc7_ac87_c90c7342192b ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "mol" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL" ; annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "The mole, symbol mol, is the SI unit of amount of substance. One mole contains exactly 6.022 140 76 × 1023 elementary entities. This number is the fixed numerical value of the Avogadro constant, NA, when expressed in the unit mol−1 and is called the Avogadro number. The amount of substance, symbol n, of a system is a measure of the number of specified elementary entities. An elementary entity may be an atom, a molecule, an ion, an electron, any other particle or specified group of particles."@en ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03980" ; skos:prefLabel "Mole"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_e1981c25_7c55_4020_aa7a_d2e14ced86d4 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue 1E-9 ] ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "n" ] ; skos:prefLabel "Nano"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_e2207e91_02b0_4a8a_b13e_61d2a2a839f1 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_2e7e5796_4a80_4d73_bb84_f31138446c0c ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "V" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/V" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06634" ; rdfs:comment "Measurement unit for voltage."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Volt"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_e75f580e_52bf_4dd5_af70_df409cec08fd rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_515b5579_d526_4842_9e6f_ecc34db6f368 ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "Hz" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HZ" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02785" ; rdfs:comment "Measurement unit for frequence."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Hertz"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_e79c62ff_10ad_4ec0_baba_c19ddd4eaa11 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue 1E+24 ] ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "Y" ] ; skos:prefLabel "Yotta"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_e9ffc696_5228_4ff9_8a60_0f5e05e9931b rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ) ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The 22 derived units that are given a special name in the SI system that stands for units derived by SI base units."@en ; annotations:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Units#Derived_units" ; rdfs:comment "These units are SI coherent by definition."@en ; skos:prefLabel "SISpecialUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_f2523820_04a6_44ab_bb67_8237dda2b0c2 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_321af35f_f0cc_4a5c_b4fe_8c2c0303fb0c ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "S" ] ; rdfs:comment "Measurement unit for electrical conductance."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Siemens"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_f5769206_9257_4b08_bf7b_dad7868c6afc rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue 1E-24 ] ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "y" ] ; skos:prefLabel "Yocto"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_fab003c8_f7a6_4346_9988_7161325ed7a3 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_585e0ff0_9429_4d3c_b578_58abb1ba21d1 ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "H" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/H" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02782" ; rdfs:comment "Measurement unit for electrical inductance."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Henry"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/siunits#EMMO_feb03a8a_bbb6_4918_a891_46713ef557f4 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ) ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The set of units provided by the SI referring to the ISQ."@en ; rdfs:comment "The complete set of SI units includes both the coherent set and the multiples and sub-multiples formed by using the SI prefixes."@en , """The names, symbols and prefixes of SI units are defined by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures"""@en ; skos:prefLabel "SIUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_00dd79e0_31a6_427e_9b9c_90f3097e4a96 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_77e9dc31_5b19_463e_b000_44c6e79f98aa ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "Da" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/Dalton" ; annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Unified_atomic_mass_unit" ; annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "One dalton is defined as one twelfth of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state."@en ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01514" ; skos:prefLabel "Dalton"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_053648ea_3c0a_468c_89cb_eb009239323a rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_b3600e73_3e05_479d_9714_c041c3acf5cc ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "au" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PARSEC" ; annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Astronomical_unit" ; annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "One astronomical unit is defined as exactly 149597870700 m, which is roughly the distance from earth to sun."@en ; annotations:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit" ; skos:prefLabel "AstronomicalUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_15d62b55_38ea_4aec_b7c4_25db1a2e5a01 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; owl:disjointWith ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Unit for dimensionless units that cannot be expressed as a 'FractionUnit'."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Unit of AtomicNumber"@en ; skos:prefLabel "PureNumberUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_18448443_dcf1_49b8_a321_cf46e2c393e1 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Unit for mass fraction."@en ; skos:prefLabel "MassFractionUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_1e0b665d_db6c_4752_a6d4_262d3a8dbb46 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "′" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/ARCMIN" ; annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "Measure of plane angle defined as 1/60 or a degree."@en ; skos:altLabel "MinuteOfArc"@en ; skos:prefLabel "ArcMinute"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_21ef2ed6_c086_4d24_8a75_980d2bcc9282 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_02e894c3_b793_4197_b120_3442e08f58d1 ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "h" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HR" ; annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "Measure of time defined as 3600 seconds."@en ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02866" ; skos:prefLabel "Hour"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_27c530c4_dfcd_486e_b324_54ad4448cd26 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_b3600e73_3e05_479d_9714_c041c3acf5cc ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "Å" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/ANGSTROM" ; annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" ; annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "Measure of length defined as 1e-10 metres."@en ; annotations:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstrom" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N00350" ; rdfs:comment """Ångström is not mentioned in the SI system and deprecated by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). Dispite of that, it is often used in the natural sciences and technology."""@en ; skos:altLabel "Angstrom"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Ångström"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_28ef05a7_ecc1_4df6_8116_c53251fbd4a8 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_02e894c3_b793_4197_b120_3442e08f58d1 ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "d" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DAY" ; annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Day" ; annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "A measure of time defined as 86 400 seconds."@en ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01527" ; skos:prefLabel "Day"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_4a27950a_0d31_4175_bd4e_14995aa94702 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_f84792eb_ec64_4a6b_941f_c9f3e9ef052c ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M-PER-SEC" ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "SI coherent measurement unit for speed."@en ; annotations:EMMO_e55f2d7c_9893_48cd_b4a4_fdf38253bd20 "http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/metrePerSecond-Time" ; skos:prefLabel "MetrePerSecond"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_52e4cb25_da39_45e2_a6db_063ec5730499 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The centimetre–gram–second (CGS) system of units."@en ; annotations:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centimetre%E2%80%93gram%E2%80%93second_system_of_units" ; rdfs:comment "CGS is a variant of the metric system."@en ; skos:prefLabel "CGSUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_6795a4b8_ffd0_4588_a581_a9413fe49cac rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ) ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Non-SI units mentioned in the SI."@en ; annotations:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-SI_units_mentioned_in_the_SI" ; rdfs:comment "This is a list of units that are not defined as part of the International System of Units (SI), but are otherwise mentioned in the SI brouchure, because either the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) accepts their use as being multiples or submultiples of SI-units, they have important contemporary application worldwide, or are otherwise commonly encountered worldwide."@en ; skos:prefLabel "SIAcceptedSpecialUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_6a4547ab_3abb_430d_b81b_ce32d47729f5 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "″" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/ARCSEC" ; annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "Measure of plane angle defined as 1/3600 or a degree."@en ; skos:altLabel "SecondOfArc"@en ; skos:prefLabel "ArcSecond"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_6c7160fc_cc64_46f0_b43b_aba65e9952e3 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "B" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/B" ; annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "One bel is defined as `1⁄2 ln(10) neper`."@en ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Unit of measurement for quantities of type level or level difference."@en ; annotations:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decibel" ; rdfs:comment "Today decibel (one tenth of a bel) is commonly used instead of bel."@en , "bel is used to express the ratio of one value of a power or field quantity to another, on a logarithmic scale, the logarithmic quantity being called the power level or field level, respectively."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Bel"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_6f4d704a_a7c6_4c07_b8a7_ea0bab04128f rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Unit for solid angle."@en ; skos:prefLabel "AreaFractionUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_9fd1e79d_41d1_44f8_8142_66dbdf0fc7ad rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Unit for volume fraction."@en ; skos:prefLabel "VolumeFractionUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_a055d311_9990_40a5_b2f2_288412f5d6a5 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_9141801c_c539_4c72_b423_8c74ff6b8f05 ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M3" ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "SI coherent measurement unit for volume."@en ; annotations:EMMO_e55f2d7c_9893_48cd_b4a4_fdf38253bd20 "http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/cubicMetre" ; skos:prefLabel "CubicMetre"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_a155dc93_d266_487e_b5e7_2a2c72d5ebf9 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_9141801c_c539_4c72_b423_8c74ff6b8f05 ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "l" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/L" ; annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "A non-SI unit of volume defined as 1 cubic decimetre (dm3),"@en ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03594" ; skos:prefLabel "Litre"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_b0d1c460_d06b_4c7f_8832_148bc1c8e7dc rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_33433bb1_c68f_45ee_a466_f01e2c57b214 ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M2" ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "SI coherent measurement unit for area."@en ; annotations:EMMO_e55f2d7c_9893_48cd_b4a4_fdf38253bd20 "http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/squareMetre" ; skos:prefLabel "SquareMetre"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_b41515a9_28d8_4d78_8165_74b2fc72f89e rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "Np" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NP" ; annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Neper" ; annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 """Unit of measurement for quantities of type level or level difference, which are defined as the natural logarithm of the ratio of power- or field-type quantities. The value of a ratio in nepers is given by `ln(x1/x2)` where `x1` and `x2` are the values of interest (amplitudes), and ln is the natural logarithm. When the values are quadratic in the amplitude (e.g. power), they are first linearised by taking the square root before the logarithm is taken, or equivalently the result is halved. Wikipedia"""@en ; annotations:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neper" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04106" ; skos:prefLabel "Neper"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_b8830065_3809_41b7_be3c_e33795567fd9 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "°" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG" ; annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Degree_(angle)" ; annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "Degree is a measurement of plane angle, defined by representing a full rotation as 360 degrees."@en ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01560" ; skos:prefLabel "Degree"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_c10b7090_7284_4719_8e15_c743b13ca6ad rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_f6070071_d054_4b17_9d2d_f446f7147d0f ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-M" ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "SI coherent measurement unit for torque."@en ; annotations:EMMO_e55f2d7c_9893_48cd_b4a4_fdf38253bd20 "http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/newtonMetre" ; rdfs:comment "Note that the physical dimension is the same as for Joule."@en ; skos:prefLabel "NewtonMetre"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_c2f5ee66_579c_44c6_a2e9_fa2eaa9fa4da rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed."@en ; rdfs:comment """Quantities that are ratios of quantities of the same kind (for example length ratios and amount fractions) have the option of being expressed with units (m/m, mol/mol to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed and also allow the use of SI prefixes, if this is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). -- SI Brochure"""@en ; skos:prefLabel "FractionUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_cabb20f0_05c7_448f_9485_e129725f15a4 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_02e894c3_b793_4197_b120_3442e08f58d1 ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "min" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MIN" ; annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Minute" ; annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "Non-SI time unit defined as 60 seconds."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Minute"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_cdc962d8_f3ea_4764_a57a_c7caa4859179 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Unit for plane angle."@en ; skos:prefLabel "LengthFractionUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_d6eb0176_a0d7_4b4e_8df0_50e912be2342 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_33433bb1_c68f_45ee_a466_f01e2c57b214 ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "ha" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HA" ; annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Hectare" ; annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "A non-SI metric unit of area defined as the square with 100-metre sides."@en ; annotations:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hectare" ; skos:prefLabel "Hectare"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_e29f84db_4c1c_46ae_aa38_c4d47536b972 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_f6070071_d054_4b17_9d2d_f446f7147d0f ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "eV" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/EV" ; annotations:EMMO_6dd685dd_1895_46e4_b227_be9f7d643c25 "http://dbpedia.org/page/Electronvolt" ; annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "The amount of energy gained (or lost) by the charge of a single electron moving across an electric potential difference of one volt."@en ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02014" ; skos:prefLabel "ElectronVolt"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_e7bc8939_7ff8_4917_beb5_c42730b390f3 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Unit for refractive index."@en ; skos:prefLabel "SpeedFractionUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_e9eaeeb5_620c_4dab_8f72_269ff85d0634 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_1c2226a9_22f0_40c8_8928_5a01d398f96e ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Measurement unit for electric dipole moment."@en ; skos:prefLabel "CoulombMetre"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_f76f5a24_d703_4e8c_b368_f9a7777cb73a rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Unit for amount fraction."@en ; skos:prefLabel "AmountFractionUnit"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_f8b92999_3cde_46e3_99d5_664da3090a02 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_77e9dc31_5b19_463e_b000_44c6e79f98aa ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "t" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/TON_M" ; annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "A non-SI unit defined as 1000 kg."@en ; annotations:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonne" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06394" ; skos:prefLabel "Tonne"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/middle/units-extension#EMMO_f992dc76_f9a6_45f6_8873_c8e20d16fbbe rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom isq:EMMO_77e9dc31_5b19_463e_b000_44c6e79f98aa ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:hasValue "g" ] ; annotations:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GM" ; annotations:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "Gram is defined as one thousandth of the SI unit kilogram."@en ; annotations:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram" ; annotations:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02680" ; skos:prefLabel "Gram"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top#EMMO_49267eba_5548_4163_8f36_518d65b583f9 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals that stand for real world objects according to a specific representational perspective."@en ; rdfs:comment """This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "Perspective"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of all individuals that stand for a real world not self-connected object."@en ; rdfs:comment """A 'Collection' individual stands for a non-self-connected real world object. A 'Collection' individual is related to each 'Item' individuals of the collection (i.e. the members) through the membership relation. An 'Item' individual stands for a real world self-connected object which can be represented as a whole made of connected parts (e.g. a car made of components)."""@en , """Formally, 'Collection' is axiomatized as the class of individuals that hasMember some 'Item'. A 'Collection' cannot have as member another 'Collection'."""@en , "From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’."@en , "e.g. the collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule, or even the collection of atoms that are part of a molecule considered as single individual non-connected objects and not as a mereotopological self-connected fusion."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Collection"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:allValuesFrom owl:Nothing ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of 'EMMO' individuals that stand for real world objects that can't be further divided in time nor in space."@en ; annotations:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """For a physics based ontology the 'Quantum' can stand for the smallest identifiable portion of spacetime defined by the Planck limit in length (1.616e-35 m) and time (5.39e-44 s). However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a 'Quantum' can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity."""@en ; rdfs:comment """A 'Quantum' is the most fundamental subclass of 'Item', since its individuals stand for the smallest possible self-connected 4D real world objects. The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle."""@en , "A 'Quantum' stands for a 4D real world object."@en , """A quantum is the EMMO mereological 4D a-tomic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of a-tomistic mereology."""@en , "From Latin quantum (plural quanta) \"as much as, so much as;\", introduced in physics directly from Latin by Max Planck, 1900."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Quantum"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ] ; owl:hasValue ] ; rdfs:subClassOf owl:Thing ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ) ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class representing the collection of all the individuals declared in this ontology standing for real world objects."@en ; rdfs:comment """'EMMO' is the disjoint union of 'Item' and 'Collection' (covering axiom). The union implies that 'EMMO' individuals can only be 'Item' individuals (standing for self-connected real world objects) or 'Collection' individuals (standing for a collection of disconnected items). Disjointness means that a 'Collection' individual cannot be an 'Item' individual and viceversa, representing the fact that a real world object cannot be self-connected and non-self connected at the same time."""@en , """For the EMMO ontologist the whole universe is represented as a 4D path-connected topological manifold (i.e. the spacetime). A real world object is then a 4D topological sub-region of the universe. A universe sub-region is isolated and defined as a real world object by the ontologist. Then, through a semiotic process that occurs at meta-ontological level (i.e. outside the ontology). an EMMO ontology entity (e.g. an OWL individual) is assigned to represent that real world object. The fundamental distinction between real world objects, upon which the EMMO is based, is self-connectedness: a real world object can be self-connected xor not self-connected."""@en , "In the EMMO we will refer to the universe as a Minkowski space, restricting the ontology to special relativity only. However, exension to general relativity, will adding more complexity, should not change the overall approach."@en , """Mereotopology is the fundamental logical representation used by the EMMO ontologist to characterize the universe and to provide the definitions to connect real world objects to the EMMO concepts. Parthood relations do not change dimensionality of the real world object referred by an 'EMMO' individual, i.e. every part of a real world object always retains its 4D dimensionality. The smallest part of a real world object (i.e. a part that has no proper parts) is referred in the EMMO by a 'Quantum' individual. It follows that, for the EMMO, real world objects of dimensionality lower than 4D (e.g. surfaces, lines) do not exist."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "EMMO"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ) ; rdfs:comment """A real world object is self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are connected to each other (here the concept of connection is primitive). Alternatively, using the primitive path-connectivity concept we can define a self-connected real world object as an object for which each couple of points is path-connected."""@en , """An 'Item' individual stands for a real world self-connected object which can be represented as a whole made of connected parts (e.g. a car made of components). In the EMMO, connectivity is the topological foundation of causality. All physical systems, i.e. systems whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by 'Item'-s. Members of a 'Collection' lack of causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical system as a whole."""@en , "From Latin item, \"likewise, just so, moreover\"."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Item"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:allValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:allValuesFrom owl:Nothing ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The basic constituent of 'item'-s that can be proper partitioned only in time up to quantum level."@en ; rdfs:comment """According to mereology, this should be call 'a-tomistic' in the strict etimological sense of the word (from greek, a-tomos: un-divisible). Mereology based on such items is called atomistic mereology. However, in order not to confuse the lexicon between mereology and physics (in which an atom is a divisible physical entity) we prefer to call it 'elementary', recalling the concept of elementary particle coming from the standard particles model."""@en , "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)"@en , "While a 'Quantum' is a-tomistic in time and space, an 'elementary' is a-tomistic only in space, recalling the concept of elementary particle."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Elementary"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_29072ec4_ffcb_42fb_bdc7_26f05a2e9873 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:allValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Item' that has no 'Physical' parts."@en ; rdfs:comment "From Latin vacuus, “empty”."@en , "The void concept is paramount for the representation of physical systems according to quantum theory."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Void"@en . ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/physical#EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:allValuesFrom ] ; annotations:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Item' that has part some 'Elementary' and whose temporal proper parts are only 'Physical'-s (i.e. it can be perceived without interruptions in time)."@en ; rdfs:comment """A 'Physical' is the class that contains all the individuals that stand for real world objects that interact physically with the ontologist, i.e. physical objects. A physical object must be perceived through physical interaction by the ontologist. Then the ontologist can declare an individual standing for the physical object just perceived. Perception is a subcategory of physical interactions. It is an interaction that stimulate a representation of the physical object within the ontologist (the agent)."""@en , """A 'Physical' must include at least an 'Elementary' part, and can include 'Void' parts. A 'Physical' may include as part also the 'Void' surrounding or enclosed by its 'Physical' sub parts. There are no particular criteria for 'Physical'-s structure, except that is made of some 'Elementary'-s as proper parts and not only 'Void'. This is done in order to take into account the quantum nature of physical systems, in which the actual position of sub-components (e.g. electrons in an atom) is not known except for its probability distribution function (according to the Copenhagen interpretation.) e.g. a real world object that has spatial parts an atom and a cubic light year of void, extending for some time, can be a physical object."""@en , """A 'Physical' with dimensions other than 4D cannot exist, following the restriction of the parent 'EMMO' class. It follows from the fact that perception is always unfolding in time. e.g. you always have an aperture time when you take a picture or measure a property. Instantaneous perceptions are idealizations (abstractions) or a very small time measurement."""@en , """From Latin physica \"study of nature\" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”). Here the word relates to things perceived through the senses as opposed to the mind; tangible or concrete."""@en , "In the EMMO there are no relations such as occupiesSpace, since 'Physical'-s are themselves the 4D regions."@en , """The EMMO can be used to represent real world entities as 'Physical'-s that are easy to connect to classical or quantum mechanical based models. Classical mechanics poses no representational issues, for the EMMO: the 4D representation of 'Physical'-s is consistent with classical physics systems. However, the representation of 'Physical'-s that are typically analized through quantum mechanics (e.g. molecules, atoms, clusters), is not straightforward. 1) De Broglie - Bohm interpretation The most simple approach is to rely on Bohmian mechanics, in which each particle is supposed to exists in a specific position between measurements (hidden variables approach), while its trajectory is calculated using a Guiding Equation based on a quantum field calculated with the Schroedinger Equation. While this approach is really easy to implement in an ontology, since each entity has its own well defined 4D region, its mathematical representation failed to receive large consensus due to the difficulties to include relativistic effects, to be extended to subnuclear scale and the strong non-locality assumtpion of the quantum field. Nevertheless, the Bohmian mechanics is a numerical approach that is used in electronic models to reduce the computational effort of the solution of Schroedinger Equation. In practice, an EMMO user can declare a 'physical' individual that stand for the whole quantum system to be described, and at the same time all sub-parts individuals can be declared, having them a well defined position in time, according to De Broglie - Bohm interpretation. The Hamiltonian can be calculated by considering the sub-part individuals. 'physical'-s are then made of 'physical' parts and 'void' parts that stand for the space between 'physical'-s (e.g. the void between electrons and nucleus in an atom). 2) Copenhagen interpretation In this interpretation the properties (e.g. energy level, position, spin) of a particle are not defined in the interval between two measurements and the quantum system is entangled (i.e. properties of particles in the sysyem are correlated) and described by a global wavefunction obtained solving the Schroedinger Equation. Upon measurement, the wavefunction collapses to a combination of close eigenstates that provide information about bservables of the system components (e.g. position, energy). The EMMO can be used to represent 'physical'-s that can be related to Copenhagen based models. In practice, the user should follow these steps: a) define the quantum system as a 'physical' individual (e.g. an H2 molecule) under a specific class (e.g. 'h2_molecule'). This individual is the whole. b) define the axioms of the class that describe how many sub-parts are expected for the whole and their class types (e.g. 'h2_molecule' has axioms 'has_proper_part exactly 2 electron' and 'has_proper_part exactly 2 nucleus) c) the user can now connect the whole to a Schroedinger equation based model whose Hamiltonian is calculated trough the information coming only from the axioms. No individuals are declared for the subparts! d) a measurement done on the quantum system that provides information on the sub-part observables is interpreted as wavefunction collapse and leads to the end of the whole and the declaration of the sub-parts individuals which can be themselves other quantum systems e.g. if the outer electron of the H2 molecule interacts with another entity defining its state, then the whole that stands for the entangled H2 molecule becomes a 'physical' made of an electron individual, a quantum system made of one electron and two nuclei and the void between them. e.g. in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation the user represent the atom by un-entangling nucleus and electronic cloud. The un-entanglement comes in the form of declaration of individual as parts. e.g. the double slit experiment can be represent in the EMMO as: a) before the slit: a 'physical' that extend in space and has parts 'electron' and 'void', called 'single_electron_wave_function'. 'electron' and 'void' are only in the axioms and not decalred individuals. b) during slit passage: a 'physical' made of one declared individual, the 'electron'. c) after the slit: again 'single_electron_wave_function' d) upon collision with the detector: 'physical' made of one declared individual, the 'electron'."""@en , """The purpose of the 'Physical' branch is to provide a representation of the real world objects, while the models used to name, explain or predict the behaviour of the real world objects lay under the 'Semiotic' branch. More than one semiotic representation can be connected to the same 'Physical'. e.g. Navier-Stokes or Euler equation applied to the same fluid are an example of mathematical model used to represent a physical object for some specific interpreter."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "Physical"@en . ################################################################# # Individuals ################################################################# ### http://emmo.info/emmo/top/mereotopology#EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , , , , owl:Thing ; skos:prefLabel "Universe"@en . [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . ### Generated by the OWL API (version 4.5.9.2019-02-01T07:24:44Z) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi