Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology (EMMO)
Version 1.0.0-beta4
European Materials Modelling Council (EMMC)
June 23, 2023
Abstract:
EMMO is an ontology that is created by the European Materials Modelling Council (EMMC) to provide a formal way to describe the fundamental concepts of physics, chemistry and materials science. EMMO is designed to pave the road for semantic interoperability providing a generic common ground for describing materials, models and data that can be adapted by all domains.
It is a representational framework of predefined classes and axioms (ontology) provided by experts (EMMC) that enables end users (industry, research, academy) to represent real life physical entities (materials, devices), models and properties using ontological signs (individuals) in a standard way to facilitate interactions and exchanges (data, software, knowledge) between all involved material modelling and characterization communities and stakeholders.Content
In the language of OWL, relations are called properties. However, since relations describe relations between classes and individuals and since properties has an other meaning in EMMO, we only call them relations.
Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a W3C standard that is widely used for describing information on the web and is one of the standards that OWL builds on. RDF expresses information in form of subject-predicate-object triplets. The subject and object are resources (aka items to describe) and the predicate expresses a relationship between the subject and the object.
In OWL the subject and object are classes or individuals (or data) while the predicate is a relation. An example of a relationship is the statement dog is_a animal. Here dog is the subject, is_a the predicate and animal the object.
OWL distinguishes between object properties, that link classes or individuals to classes or individuals, and data properties that link individuals to data values. Since EMMO only deals with classes, we will only be discussing object properties. However, in actual simulations or characterisation applications build on EMMO, datatype properties will be important.
The characteristics of the different properties are described by the following property axioms:
rdf:subPropertyOf is used to define that a property is a subproperty of some other property. For instance, in the figure below showing the relation branch, we see that active_relation is a subproperty or relation. The rdf:subPropertyOf axioms forms a taxonomy-like tree for relations.
owl:equivalentProperty states that two properties have the same property extension.
owl:inverseOf axioms relate active relations to their corresponding passive relations, and vice versa. The root relation relation is its own inverse.
owl:FunctionalProperty is a property that can have only one (unique) value y for each instance x, i.e. there cannot be two distinct values y1 and y2 such that the pairs (x,y1) and (x,y2) are both instances of this property. Both object properties and datatype properties can be declared as “functional”.
owl:InverseFunctionalProperty
owl:TransitiveProperty states that if a pair (x,y) is an instance of P, and the pair (y,z) is instance of P, then we can infer that the pair (x,z) is also an instance of P.
owl:SymmetricProperty states that if the pair (x,y) is an instance of P, then the pair (y,x) is also an instance of P. A popular example of a symmetric property is the siblingOf relation.
rdfs:domain specifies which classes the property applies to. Or said differently, the valid values of the subject in a subject-predicate-object triplet.
rdfs:range specifies the property extension, i.e. the valid values of the object in a subject-predicate-object triplet.
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_ec2472ae_cf4a_46a5_8555_1556f5a6c3c5
elucidation: The class for all relations used by the EMMO.
prefLabel: EMMORelation
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_01e5766d_dac3_4574_8a78_310de92a5c9d
definition: x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y)
prefLabel: isNotCauseOf
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_3733bd38_ca2b_4264_a92a_3075a1715598
elucidation: A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x).
altLabel: isAntecedentOf
prefLabel: isPredecessorOf
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_8785be5a_2493_4b12_8f39_31907ab11748
elucidation: An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions.
altLabel: hasSpatiialnteractionWith
comment: Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive.
comment: The contact relation is not an ordering relation since is symmetric.
conceptualisation: A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction.
prefLabel: contacts
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d01b3ee2_91a5_4ce2_95cd_f0d2c333c6d3
elucidation: The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions).
altLabel: alongsideOf
prefLabel: isConcomitantWith
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_555d0261_da5e_4301_b7f9_46f604a32e91
elucidation: A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries.
comment: Direct cause is irreflexive.
comment: Direct cause provides the edges for the transitive restriction of the direct acyclic causal graph whose nodes are the quantum entities.
conceptualisation: Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities.
prefLabel: isDirectCauseOf
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_499e24a5_5072_4c83_8625_fe3f96ae4a8d
elucidation: A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x).
altLabel: isBefore
comment: Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive.
comment: This relation is asymmetric and irreflexive.
conceptualisation: A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity.
prefLabel: hasNext
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698
elucidation: The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x b) y and x non-overlapping
OWLDLRestrictedAxiom: :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps
comment: Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive.
comment: It applies to both quantums and macro-entities (entities made of more than one quantum). It is admissible for two entities to be one the cause of the other, excepts when they are both quantums.
comment: The OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO introduces this object property as primitive causal relation. It refers to the macro causality relation mC(x,y), defined in the EMMO FOL version. While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive, the OWL 2 DL version substantially simplifies the theory, neglecting these lower level relations that are well above DL expressivity.
conceptualisation: We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap.
prefLabel: isCauseOf
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b85e4738_500c_4e1b_bbe8_9e84190485d6
elucidation: A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries.
conceptualisation: An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity.
prefLabel: isIndirectCauseOf
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_ad0e72fc_dcaa_490d_8371_b4d814dcda2c
elucidation: The superclass of all causal EMMO relations.
comment: Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive.
conceptualisation: Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level.
prefLabel: causal
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_6b7276a4_4b9d_440a_b577_0277539c0fc4
elucidation: The relation between a collection and one of its item members.
prefLabel: hasMember
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c37d451b_e245_439f_bd94_9050e04ec9f7
definition: A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections.
prefLabel: hasGatheredPart
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_2eb10b5b_900b_44d7_af85_4de9a3729474
elucidation: The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type.
prefLabel: hasInterval
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_559ab98c_1c7d_4794_996c_8c1d8d56381c
elucidation: The inverse relation for hasProperPart.
prefLabel: isProperPartOf
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_0ee9e6a2_9240_4b1d_ac9a_f72416c7dc70
prefLabel: hasProductOutput
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054
elucidation: A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole.
altLabel: hasSpatialIntegralPart
comment: In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive.
prefLabel: hasSpatialSlice
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_dba27ca1_33c9_4443_a912_1519ce4c39ec
elucidation: The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria.
prefLabel: hasConstituent
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_0e86a108_9d4d_4582_8126_f0c527d81901
prefLabel: hasManufacturedOutput
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo/perspectives/manufacturing#EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22
elucidation: The input of a process.
prefLabel: hasInput
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#bb6febfa_5c6b_43c9_941a_4b6157b703be
prefLabel: isPortionPartOf
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#0528e41d_edd2_49f9_bd2a_aeabdc215515
prefLabel: hasMaximalCollection
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#0558e802_46a4_45de_af85_47aff4dc427e
prefLabel: hasFractionalMember
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_cd24eb82_a11c_4a31_96ea_32f870c5580a
elucidation: The relation within a process and an agengt participant.
prefLabel: hasAgent
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_e3850f08_8e79_454b_9d83_c517cab42857
prefLabel: hasConstitutiveProcess
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76
elucidation: The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct.
prefLabel: hasProperPart
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846
elucidation: A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval.
comment: In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive.
prefLabel: hasSpatialPart
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_5d73661e_e710_4844_ab9b_a85b7e68576a
elucidation: The relation between a whole and its holistic quantity parts.
prefLabel: hasQuantity
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#a8bd7094_6b40_47af_b1f4_a69d81a3afbd
prefLabel: isPartOf
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_5ceab41b_2aea_4041_9e9c_a243f7562cee
prefLabel: hasHolisticNonTemporalPart
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_646cdc47_f955_4da3_9398_9aac0edf48a6
elucidation: The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities.
prefLabel: hasHolisticRelation
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_6786b336_e982_4759_8dee_1905a4106591
elucidation: The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type.
example: A volume of water has redundand parts other volumes of water. All this volumes have holistic parts some water molecules.
comment: The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole.
On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep.
prefLabel: hasRedundantPart
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#176e3f78_c867_4eca_9794_a4822660d9dc
prefLabel: isGatheredPartOf
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840
elucidation: The outcome of a process.
prefLabel: hasOutput
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d43af210_f854_4432_a891_ce3022e3b558
elucidation: The relation between a process and one of its process parts.
prefLabel: hasSubProcess
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#e4f66254_7312_4de5_a86a_6e0808baaaab
prefLabel: isOvercrossedBy
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_6e046dd0_9634_4013_b2b1_9cc468087c83
elucidation: A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal.
altLabel: hasSpatialPartialPart
comment: This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal).
comment: This relation is a filler, to categorise the parts of an entity that are not covered by the other parthood relations. A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spatio temporal part relations.
prefLabel: hasSpatialSection
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_3c7f239f_e833_4a2b_98a1_c88831770c1b
prefLabel: hasComponent
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#5fa16188_d95b_4dd2_ac63_eae63fe01504
prefLabel: hasScatteredPortion
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_e1805abe_f5b7_4c40_810a_1a01950546be
prefLabel: hasFractionalCollection
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_408a46b2_3930_46da_b936_e9ce72ffdde9
elucidation: The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only.
altLabel: hasSpatioTemporalPart
prefLabel: hasJunctionPart
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_aa987900_caf1_4ce2_82fa_6b1d6fbd2ead
prefLabel: notOverlaps
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_6835537c_d294_4005_a770_ec9621f29ed1
elucidation: The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals.
comment: Equality is here defined following a mereological approach.
prefLabel: equalsTo
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_ae2d1a96_bfa1_409a_a7d2_03d69e8a125a
elucidation: The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself.
prefLabel: hasParticipant
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_3f2e4ac2_8ef3_4a14_b826_60d37f15f8ee
elucidation: The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations.
comment: The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM).
prefLabel: mereological
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77
prefLabel: hasTemporaryParticipant
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_53e5b1e1_6026_4ddc_8a4a_3aaaa5fdbdb7
elucidation: A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts.
example: A man and the process of building a house. The man is a whole that possesses an holistic temporal part which is an interval of six monts and represents a working period in his lifetime. The process of building a house is a whole that possesses an holistic spatial part which is a builder. The working period of the man and the builder participating the building process are the same individual, belonging both to a man lifetime and to a building holistic views. In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping individual is represented differently in both holistic views.
comment: This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both.
prefLabel: hasHolisticOverlap
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_9cb984ca_48ad_4864_b09e_50d3fff19420
elucidation: The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part.
prefLabel: overcrosses
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_9a50a0ae_841a_46fe_8b23_3df319b60611
elucidation: The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse).
prefLabel: hasNonTemporalPart
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_55354438_7000_4284_b1b9_59d60c2261b9
definition: A proper part relation with domain restricted to items.
prefLabel: hasPortionPart
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_662c64e7_fc72_49b3_a161_f50fd42deafa
elucidation: The relation between a measurement result and the measurement uncertainty.
prefLabel: hasMeasurementUncertainty
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_44d5f29a_6a9b_4f5d_9405_20ca553cd4d3
prefLabel: hasServiceOutput
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#a32021dc_58d8_454b_915d_3951b413b8b7
prefLabel: hasConnectedPortion
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6
elucidation: The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts.
prefLabel: overlaps
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b1daa610_64c6_4935_94b8_a19db586a2f6
elucidation: The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type.
example: A volume of 1 cc of milk within a 1 litre can be considered still milk as a whole. If you scale down to a cluster of molecules, than the milk cannot be considered a fluid no more (and then no more a milk).
prefLabel: hasPortion
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b3c8ba10_6bee_45e7_9416_e9019aa9f023
elucidation: The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other.
prefLabel: properOverlaps
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_51e72e5c_ab21_4d0e_ad9f_b168eca89cf4
prefLabel: hasCognised
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_f2fc1ce9_cc3b_4eb5_a112_3c85d1b1374a
altLabel: hasSemioticObject
prefLabel: hasReferent
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d271f202_4c1a_4d74_b86a_387c82034eb7
prefLabel: hasCharacterised
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_057d0573_6ac0_4c27_9e3f_3c29205fd104
prefLabel: hasDeducer
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_16b510a6_0584_4134_bdb6_3bc185c17860
elucidation: Assigns a quantity to an object by convention.
example: An Hydrogen atom has the quantity atomic number Z = 1 as its conventional property.
prefLabel: hasConventionalQuantity
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_eeb8118c_b290_4f57_b0f8_bd65bb6d77ad
prefLabel: hasCharacteriser
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_7fb7fe7e_bdf9_4eeb_adad_e384dd5285c6
prefLabel: hasInterpretant
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_297999d6_c9e4_4262_9536_bd524d1c6e21
prefLabel: hasIndex
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_0d829933_29e3_4e61_b3d3_88e6b9d0d0ce
prefLabel: hasDeclared
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_39c3815d_8cae_4c8f_b2ff_eeba24bec455
prefLabel: hasIcon
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_67339084_e659_42be_9e76_7e22fca63c48
prefLabel: hasURI
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_eb3518bf_f799_4f9e_8c3e_ce59af11453b
prefLabel: hasConvention
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo/disciplines/periodictable#EMMO_79c0edfa-06f9-5149-b754-28c589035b8a
elucidation: The chemical symbol of an atomic element.
prefLabel: hasChemicalSymbol
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_fd689787_31b0_41cf_bf03_0d69af76469d
prefLabel: hasMeasuredQuantity
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_2337e25c_3c60_43fc_a8f9_b11a3f974291
elucidation: The generic EMMO semiotical relation.
prefLabel: semiotical
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_5369d256_5866_4729_adc2_1498ee9a4959
prefLabel: hasCogniser
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_3446e167_c576_49d6_846c_215bb8878a55
prefLabel: hasVariable
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_0aa934ee_1ad4_4345_8a7f_bc73ec67c7e5
prefLabel: hasQuantitativeProperty
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_4832e353_6a2d_4deb_9a5b_96989afaff2d
prefLabel: hasInterpreter
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_bed1d005_b04e_4a90_94cf_02bc678a8569
prefLabel: hasPhysicalDimension
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_cc823237_398d_4c9a_b8fa_aa157ee3e3a5
prefLabel: hasDeclarer
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_24c71baf_6db6_48b9_86c8_8c70cf36db0c
prefLabel: hasModel
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_60577dea_9019_4537_ac41_80b0fb563d41
prefLabel: hasSign
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204
prefLabel: hasProperty
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b8f79e53_2ad4_441d_87ff_284a5c419e46
prefLabel: hasModelledQuantity
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_a0a2ded8_54e8_408d_a6b0_7fd1b4d7d16d
prefLabel: hasDeduced
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_6786b336_e982_4759_8dee_1905a4106591
elucidation: The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type.
example: A volume of water has redundand parts other volumes of water. All this volumes have holistic parts some water molecules.
comment: The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole.
On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep.
prefLabel: hasRedundantPart
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_6b7276a4_4b9d_440a_b577_0277539c0fc4
elucidation: The relation between a collection and one of its item members.
prefLabel: hasMember
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c37d451b_e245_439f_bd94_9050e04ec9f7
definition: A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections.
prefLabel: hasGatheredPart
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_2eb10b5b_900b_44d7_af85_4de9a3729474
elucidation: The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type.
prefLabel: hasInterval
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d43af210_f854_4432_a891_ce3022e3b558
elucidation: The relation between a process and one of its process parts.
prefLabel: hasSubProcess
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_6e046dd0_9634_4013_b2b1_9cc468087c83
elucidation: A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal.
altLabel: hasSpatialPartialPart
comment: This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal).
comment: This relation is a filler, to categorise the parts of an entity that are not covered by the other parthood relations. A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spatio temporal part relations.
prefLabel: hasSpatialSection
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_3c7f239f_e833_4a2b_98a1_c88831770c1b
prefLabel: hasComponent
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#5fa16188_d95b_4dd2_ac63_eae63fe01504
prefLabel: hasScatteredPortion
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_e1805abe_f5b7_4c40_810a_1a01950546be
prefLabel: hasFractionalCollection
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054
elucidation: A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole.
altLabel: hasSpatialIntegralPart
comment: In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive.
prefLabel: hasSpatialSlice
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_408a46b2_3930_46da_b936_e9ce72ffdde9
elucidation: The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only.
altLabel: hasSpatioTemporalPart
prefLabel: hasJunctionPart
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_dba27ca1_33c9_4443_a912_1519ce4c39ec
elucidation: The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria.
prefLabel: hasConstituent
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_6835537c_d294_4005_a770_ec9621f29ed1
elucidation: The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals.
comment: Equality is here defined following a mereological approach.
prefLabel: equalsTo
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#0528e41d_edd2_49f9_bd2a_aeabdc215515
prefLabel: hasMaximalCollection
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#0558e802_46a4_45de_af85_47aff4dc427e
prefLabel: hasFractionalMember
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_ae2d1a96_bfa1_409a_a7d2_03d69e8a125a
elucidation: The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself.
prefLabel: hasParticipant
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_cd24eb82_a11c_4a31_96ea_32f870c5580a
elucidation: The relation within a process and an agengt participant.
prefLabel: hasAgent
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_e3850f08_8e79_454b_9d83_c517cab42857
prefLabel: hasConstitutiveProcess
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76
elucidation: The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct.
prefLabel: hasProperPart
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846
elucidation: A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval.
comment: In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive.
prefLabel: hasSpatialPart
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_9a50a0ae_841a_46fe_8b23_3df319b60611
elucidation: The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse).
prefLabel: hasNonTemporalPart
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f
elucidation: The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one.
comment: All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive.
prefLabel: hasPart
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_55354438_7000_4284_b1b9_59d60c2261b9
definition: A proper part relation with domain restricted to items.
prefLabel: hasPortionPart
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_662c64e7_fc72_49b3_a161_f50fd42deafa
elucidation: The relation between a measurement result and the measurement uncertainty.
prefLabel: hasMeasurementUncertainty
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_5d73661e_e710_4844_ab9b_a85b7e68576a
elucidation: The relation between a whole and its holistic quantity parts.
prefLabel: hasQuantity
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#a32021dc_58d8_454b_915d_3951b413b8b7
prefLabel: hasConnectedPortion
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_5ceab41b_2aea_4041_9e9c_a243f7562cee
prefLabel: hasHolisticNonTemporalPart
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b1daa610_64c6_4935_94b8_a19db586a2f6
elucidation: The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type.
example: A volume of 1 cc of milk within a 1 litre can be considered still milk as a whole. If you scale down to a cluster of molecules, than the milk cannot be considered a fluid no more (and then no more a milk).
prefLabel: hasPortion
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_663859e5_add3_4c9e_96fb_c99399de278d
elucidation: A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in spatio temporal parts.
prefLabel: hasJunctionTile
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_fe63194f_7c04_4dbd_a244_524b38b6699b
elucidation: The relation between the whole and the first direct temporal part of a sequence.
altLabel: hasTemporalFirst
prefLabel: hasBeginTile
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b2282816_b7a3_44c6_b2cb_3feff1ceb7fe
elucidation: A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in spatial parts.
altLabel: hasSpatialDirectPart
prefLabel: hasSpatialTile
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_67fc0a36_8dcb_4ffa_9a43_31074efa3296
prefLabel: hasReferenceUnit
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_8ef3cd6d_ae58_4a8d_9fc0_ad8f49015cd0
prefLabel: hasQuantityValue
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_74a75cf1_3418_4244_b43c_b5db94635d42
elucidation: The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective.
comment: This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal object with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning).
conceptualisation: Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective.
prefLabel: hasDirectPart
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c0f48dc6_4a32_4d9a_a956_d68415954a8e
elucidation: The relation between the whole and the last direct temporal part of a sequence.
altLabel: hasTemporalLast
prefLabel: hasEndTile
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_7efab93d_c8fe_49c7_ba8e_d21d13b38c85
elucidation: A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact.
altLabel: hasWellFormedTile
prefLabel: hasSpatioTemporalTile
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_65a2c5b8_e4d8_4a51_b2f8_e55effc0547d
elucidation: A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts.
altLabel: hasTemporalDirectPart
prefLabel: hasTemporalTile
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_0b1502e2_d12f_4ff3_83b1_eeedf9382954
elucidation: The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out.
prefLabel: hasOutcome
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d43af210_f854_4432_a891_ce3022e3b558
elucidation: The relation between a process and one of its process parts.
prefLabel: hasSubProcess
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_3c7f239f_e833_4a2b_98a1_c88831770c1b
prefLabel: hasComponent
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_ebc8c324_8e7a_4b09_bcb5_306e0c461d24
prefLabel: hasBehaviour
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_92227f7f_22e9_4b19_a011_920eac3c7b75
prefLabel: hasEndTask
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_dba27ca1_33c9_4443_a912_1519ce4c39ec
elucidation: The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria.
prefLabel: hasConstituent
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_70da982d_1810_4b01_9630_a28e216ecd9a
prefLabel: hasTask
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_8e52c42b_e879_4473_9fa1_4b23428b392b
elucidation: The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else.
example: An holistic part of water fluid is a water molecule.
prefLabel: hasHolisticPart
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_9ee42d6b_7242_4a8d_967e_79f8f1c7fe29
prefLabel: hasHolisticTemporalPart
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_ae2d1a96_bfa1_409a_a7d2_03d69e8a125a
elucidation: The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself.
prefLabel: hasParticipant
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_cd24eb82_a11c_4a31_96ea_32f870c5580a
elucidation: The relation within a process and an agengt participant.
prefLabel: hasAgent
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_e3850f08_8e79_454b_9d83_c517cab42857
prefLabel: hasConstitutiveProcess
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_f22abf74_4538_4f50_ab85_09908cdda707
prefLabel: hasStage
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_662c64e7_fc72_49b3_a161_f50fd42deafa
elucidation: The relation between a measurement result and the measurement uncertainty.
prefLabel: hasMeasurementUncertainty
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_5d73661e_e710_4844_ab9b_a85b7e68576a
elucidation: The relation between a whole and its holistic quantity parts.
prefLabel: hasQuantity
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_1440d010_e4c5_4597_8858_1d58cb1fb28f
prefLabel: hasStatus
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_7329967c_3972_4c99_b478_84f66436620d
prefLabel: hasSubObject
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_5ceab41b_2aea_4041_9e9c_a243f7562cee
prefLabel: hasHolisticNonTemporalPart
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_4ab7fb52_cec3_4c00_90c0_5648f01e3296
prefLabel: hasBeginTask
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_f22abf74_4538_4f50_ab85_09908cdda707
prefLabel: hasStage
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_2eb10b5b_900b_44d7_af85_4de9a3729474
elucidation: The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type.
prefLabel: hasInterval
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_aef8af39_0a22_4be8_a523_4e47ca36e035
elucidation: A temporal part that is not a slice.
prefLabel: hasTemporalSection
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_ebc8c324_8e7a_4b09_bcb5_306e0c461d24
prefLabel: hasBehaviour
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_2a33ee61_8235_4da4_b9a1_ca62cb87a016
elucidation: A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object.
prefLabel: hasTemporalSlice
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_1440d010_e4c5_4597_8858_1d58cb1fb28f
prefLabel: hasStatus
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_7329967c_3972_4c99_b478_84f66436620d
prefLabel: hasSubObject
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_7afbed84_7593_4a23_bd88_9d9c6b04e8f6
elucidation: A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval.
comment: A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item.
A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases.
comment: In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive.
prefLabel: hasTemporalPart
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_9ee42d6b_7242_4a8d_967e_79f8f1c7fe29
prefLabel: hasHolisticTemporalPart
Subclass of:
emmo is a class representing the collection of all the individuals (signs) that are used in the ontology. Individuals are declared by the EMMO users when they want to apply the EMMO to represent the world.
The root of all classes used to represent the world. It has two children; collection and item.
collection is the class representing the collection of all the individuals (signs) that represents a collection of non-connected real world objects.
item Is the class that collects all the individuals that are members of a set (it’s the most comprehensive set individual). It is the branch of mereotopology.
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_ff010476_5153_422b_99ad_0cd59b226892
prefLabel: DownQuarkType
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_891d1351_3843_4da3_906b_3b30411bd512
prefLabel: GreenCharmQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b9277e83_016c_405f_b90a_7e93642c775b
prefLabel: RedDownAntiQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_7db59e56_f68b_48b7_ae99_891c35ae5c3b
elucidation: The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles.
prefLabel: Gluon
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b14894ce_aad8_45e6_8035_f902c0d339ad
prefLabel: TopAntiQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_1ea2f3fc_da94_4685_99b4_352922fbc461
prefLabel: CharmQuark
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_quark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_f87e79eb_f549_4a06_9c27_a3d1412444c6
elucidation: A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark.
comment: This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars.
prefLabel: Hyperon
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperon
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_f895cb83_2280_42e9_9f4c_047273e70d3c
elucidation: A meson with spin two.
prefLabel: TensorMeson
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_80252279_046c_4e33_bdf4_8932f79b6c91
prefLabel: GreenBottomQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_fbf354a6_a466_4467_9473_a90b68f5d032
prefLabel: GreenCharmAntiQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_72d53756_7fb1_46ed_980f_83f47efbe105
elucidation: The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles.
prefLabel: Quark
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_cc741dde_2c7c_46ef_bb66_16a6d12c2a88
prefLabel: AntiQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c88a0f70_482b_4e37_9ae2_ee66bbfc20a7
prefLabel: BlueAntiQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_9eb96ea0_8827_4cb9_9a03_8e07f4eae1eb
prefLabel: RedStrangeQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_a4edc1d4_bb38_4897_ba1e_f87e7aa31c5b
prefLabel: DownQuark
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_quark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_76267214_2137_4909_83a4_0b815a62cbc3
prefLabel: GreenTopQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_9d6eeca7_89a0_4a65_a497_9039f1164b96
prefLabel: BlueDownAntiQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_ebb26c39_dbbc_4363_b784_88d9110e4d5b
prefLabel: GluonType3
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68
definition: The class of entities without proper parts.
elucidation: The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities.
example: From a physics perspective a quantum can be related to smallest identifiable entities, according to the limits imposed by the uncertainty principle in space and time measurements. However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a quantum can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity.
comment: A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology.
conceptualisation: A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions.
prefLabel: Quantum
Subclass of:
Individuals:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_90f18cf0_1225_4c64_b5f8_f65cd7f992c5
elucidation: A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations.
prefLabel: MaterialsModel
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_a9891fff_fa7a_4806_b7bd_786de7358e8d
conceptualisation: A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n.
prefLabel: CausalExpansion
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726
elucidation: A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system.
comment: It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body.
prefLabel: PhysicalObject
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_1f19b65b_35bf_4662_a318_7f1c147cb3b6
example: Examples of composite particles with integer spin: spin 0: H1 and He4 in ground state, pion spin 1: H1 and He4 in first excited state, meson spin 2: O15 in ground state.
prefLabel: CompositeBoson
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d37eeb84_895f_4c30_bf60_387b3314a1a6
prefLabel: BottomQuark
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_quark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_22a6f189_7ad7_424d_af15_5efe002c1365
prefLabel: StrangeQuark
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_3275b6e9_05f1_4912_954f_7d64ac12b2d2
elucidation: A meson with spin zero and even parity.
prefLabel: ScalarMeson
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_meson
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b29fd350_39aa_4af7_9459_3faa0544cba6
elucidation: A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity.
prefLabel: PhysicsBasedModel
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_a6d8e2e2_5e61_4838_977b_9a5dea421fc1
elucidation: A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system.
conceptualisation: It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body.
prefLabel: CausalConvexSystem
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_09f0ac34_c349_46b5_acf0_0edeae52cca1
elucidation: A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting.
prefLabel: PhysicallyInteracting
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_ab922466_6333_4f13_91e6_03c3cad13ed8
prefLabel: GreenStrangeAntiQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d324ae63_7574_4d73_b25b_96479e2626f2
elucidation: An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions.
prefLabel: Lepton
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf
definition: The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes.
elucidation: The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities.
comment: EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one).
conceptualisation: The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions.
prefLabel: EMMO
Subclass of:
Individuals:
Individuals:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_fc47b76f_ad01_4cd0_8fc6_55532000e7c8
prefLabel: UpQuarkType
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_dd891386_9d00_4d6f_8fad_f69e0522d47a
prefLabel: UpAntiQuarkType
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_4cc06415_9c11_4071_b732_fd05ad750f07
prefLabel: BlueUpAntiQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_3ab4154b_d163_4236_8251_8917b07c2788
prefLabel: BlueTopQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_a24cbaac_9595_4672_8a60_2818938cfc60
prefLabel: DownAntiQuarkType
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_fa3c9d4d_9fc9_4e8a_82c1_28c84e34133a
elucidation: A boson that is a single elementary particle.
conceptualisation: A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics.
prefLabel: FundamentalBoson
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson#Elementary_bosons
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_70a1c163_7436_4ce3_9784_3aab0e62b900
prefLabel: GluonType2
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_25f8b804_9a0b_4387_a3e7_b35bce5365ee
elucidation: The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles.
prefLabel: Photon
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_6fe3d1d5_4107_4a52_b1d0_3b7c4f871159
conceptualisation: A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n).
prefLabel: QuantumDecay
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_2531fe94_1cdf_4f36_9abc_7ab7574310db
elucidation: The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons.
prefLabel: Muon
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_12aae025_a226_4762_9d51_81200a8ce54c
elucidation: A meson with spin zero and odd parity.
prefLabel: PseudoscalarMeson
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar_meson
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#b56c3aa6_28e5_4f9b_a4a5_93d8c68e1570
prefLabel: PhysicallyInteractingConvex
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_29836ff7_d416_49ae_b76b_f367c326b107
prefLabel: GreenTopAntiQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_f835f4d4_c665_403d_ab25_dca5cc74be52
elucidation: The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons.
prefLabel: Nucleus
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_dbb2ae7f_9f47_41b3_bf68_d9bece864e2c
elucidation: An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity.
prefLabel: NeutrinoType
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_0a3f04a6_ba3a_49d9_99da_08b0e26f51f0
prefLabel: UpQuark
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_5293c41e_4bbf_4aaa_8479_efd0737a0e8d
prefLabel: UpAntiQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_124c07b7_38ea_405c_81b1_5c65eee1a41a
prefLabel: SecondGenerationFermion
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_ffd65547_6a7e_499d_826a_cee9e7d669fd
prefLabel: GreenAntiQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_a4243cbf_b22e_4aa1_b9c1_130ce8c51ab2
prefLabel: RedTopQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_e7adbaa9_ae34_42e4_8101_cbd38851dcab
prefLabel: DownAntiQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_fd6559e8_ef94_460c_9dfc_bad5c68d63b4
elucidation: A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier.
comment: All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons.
comment: Gauge bosons can carry any of the four fundamental interactions of nature.
prefLabel: GaugeBoson
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_boson
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_12a3441c_4fe8_4d9c_a7db_9e86ce6c41ee
prefLabel: BottomAntiQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_676a29e6_d4e1_4b54_8961_25947bd20861
elucidation: An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field.
prefLabel: HiggsBoson
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_50afa1a9_2c4e_40fd_aa93_0e33511f1f27
conceptualisation: A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n.
prefLabel: CausalInteraction
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c26a0340_d619_4928_b1a1_1a04e88bb89d
elucidation: The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model.
altLabel: ElementaryParticle
comment: Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters.
comment: Graviton is included, even if it is an hypothetical particle, to enable causality for gravitational interactions.
comment: This class represents only real particles that are the input and output of a Feynman diagram, and hence respect the E²-p²c²=m²c⁴ energy-momentum equality (on the mass shell). In the EMMO the virtual particles (off the mass shell), the internal propagators of the interaction within a Feynman diagram, are not represented as mereological entities but as object relations (binary predicates).
prefLabel: StandardModelParticle
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_7b42954f_0b91_4b3a_a65e_2470202cf548
elucidation: Particles composed of two or more quarks.
prefLabel: Hadron
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_83550665_c68c_4015_86a7_308c9dd2fb4b
elucidation: A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons.
prefLabel: MuonNeutrino
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_neutrino
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_1b32a555_978b_4e56_933f_e158e165023e
elucidation: A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit.
prefLabel: VectorMeson
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_meson
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_e2000aeb_e3ab_41b7_a790_7c8bd02d0b6e
prefLabel: GluonType6
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#fdae3f5a_8f8c_4875_a784_5beda43d3009
prefLabel: PhysicalyUnbonded
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_1d5305d7_5690_4e5a_92de_4611e8c356ef
elucidation: A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons.
prefLabel: ElectronNeutrino
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_29ce946a_f164_43ea_b9f8_0cb4f1022853
prefLabel: AntiMuon
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_8ab3ff9d_35d4_44b7_9d66_7b0b30c40da8
prefLabel: LeftHandedParticle
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_07bb613c_e8d0_425f_abcc_47c58b14704e
prefLabel: RightHandedParticle
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_53935db0_af45_4426_b9e9_244a0d77db00
elucidation: A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle.
prefLabel: MesoscopicModel
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_311ba558_6444_4de1_9c68_5009b9dfb80c
prefLabel: GluonType1
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_1dcc2b31_7ff4_49ed_a1bc_6e4c055c951c
prefLabel: WeakBoson
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_3a948fa6_033a_4bb2_a319_36a45741d832
elucidation: The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons.
prefLabel: Tau
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_(particle)
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_1d2bf964_5d54_4da6_a02d_7c908517ef91
prefLabel: BlueCharmQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_1f2bfb9f_ecc6_46a0_9e41_2d6fcbf59e4b
conceptualisation: A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n.
prefLabel: CausalCollapse
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_eb3c61f0_3983_4346_a0c6_e7f6b90a67a8
elucidation: The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles.
comment: While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles.
For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields.
prefLabel: Graviton
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_8dbaf3ca_8f0d_4c45_92e1_c6d805b83c87
conceptualisation: A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc…) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics.
prefLabel: FundamentalFermion
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_be0a7278_b4e6_4bca_88ba_de3f67a478e2
elucidation: Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions.
comment: Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark.
prefLabel: Meson
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_9bb271f2_80a1_481a_ba78_368c4dccc235
prefLabel: RedTopAntiQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_f33cbdf9_c9d0_4dc5_a875_21d6f9c24ee4
prefLabel: StrangeAntiQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_50781fd9_a9e4_46ad_b7be_4500371d188d
elucidation: Either a proton or a neutron.
prefLabel: Nucleon
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleon
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_8a83b7bd_85bd_48e4_a4ac_bb2eb97d3014
prefLabel: GluonType5
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_5cc4e111_3eb1_44a3_9369_5af3846cf605
elucidation: A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest.
prefLabel: PhysicalPhenomena
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b4abf29e_aab7_4c2f_af0b_536a92ef327f
prefLabel: AntiTau
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_edfa7d90_6b21_4669_b9b1_13c77de760eb
prefLabel: AntiNeutrinoType
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_74fd4dfc_a59e_4f66_8822_7fc3ad8a0664
prefLabel: RedAntiQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_dcc63058_f36a_4f49_a109_a8c3de88d890
prefLabel: GreenQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_6eca09be_17e9_445e_abc9_000aa61b7a11
elucidation: A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons.
example: Density functional theory. Hartree-Fock.
prefLabel: ElectronicModel
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d16ce022_5298_49a3_87a5_ca883faae18c
prefLabel: RedDownQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_f8e436fb_61ed_4512_a5a5_bee90f0cec2f
elucidation: An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction.
altLabel: NeutralWeakBoson
comment: Z bosons are their own antiparticles.
prefLabel: ZBoson
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_a589e6b8_2f5b_4118_8522_cdc4c89578dc
prefLabel: TopQuark
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_quark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_cf972459_e649_4aa8_9676_3d219b5e0fe6
prefLabel: RedQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_7773f63a_cd7c_4393_b36b_cd1b8a71565a
prefLabel: FirstGenerationFermion
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_9226c7af_573f_4762_865c_e3a68a4832dd
prefLabel: FundamentalAntiMatterParticle
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_975bdc11_12db_44e7_a3c3_c5436b5e17cc
prefLabel: BlueStrangeAntiQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_aeebc6d5_bf98_45c1_b3eb_89de6722ba46
prefLabel: RedCharmAntiQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_299f6949_6bf2_4ee6_9ec7_fd742881fb27
prefLabel: GluonType8
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31
elucidation: The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities.
example: The collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule.
conceptualisation: A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be.
prefLabel: Collection
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_ad6b0980_fa04_4ec3_b033_6aed9f4ed17c
prefLabel: BlueTopAntiQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_60d13cae_ea44_4a71_9ca7_ba65f72836a4
prefLabel: ElectronAntiNeutrino
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b57afc1a_93e9_43ba_b41f_9ec3598b4e46
prefLabel: GreenUpQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_da9e740a_6056_4fa5_a663_c6622e1972d8
prefLabel: RedUpAntiQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_470697b1_a5bd_44b9_b00d_a77c9bcfb066
prefLabel: GreenStrangeQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_4456a5d2_16a6_4ee1_9a8e_5c75956b28ea
elucidation: A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume.
prefLabel: ContinuumModel
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d5e14e54_fa64_4638_83d3_faced4575e72
prefLabel: GreenDownQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_8b1367d6_0133_4b56_acc1_fa8b058169e3
conceptualisation: A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles.
prefLabel: CompositeParticle
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac
elucidation: A non-path causal structure
example: A electron binded by a nucleus.
conceptualisation: A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type).
prefLabel: CausalSystem
Subclass of:
Individuals:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_21a13e48_e4e2_450b_ad03_d9a112daee87
elucidation: A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction.
altLabel: ChargedWeakBoson
altLabel: IntermediateVectorBoson
prefLabel: WBoson
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_eb95a619_ca07_4678_a809_10021b25a13f
elucidation: A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons.
prefLabel: TauNeutrino
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_neutrino
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_506cb971_797d_4cfb_88c3_3020c4396365
prefLabel: RedUpQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_df808271_df91_4f27_ba59_fa423c51896c
elucidation: An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus.
prefLabel: Neutron
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de
definition: The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes.
elucidation: The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities.
conceptualisation: A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object.
Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs.
prefLabel: Item
Subclass of:
Individuals:
Individuals:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_716fadba_7ff8_4247_97fc_c6703437c018
prefLabel: AntiLepton
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_29d24a97_f3bd_4e9b_934d_9da589f719e5
prefLabel: BlueBottomAntiQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_73aa05b8_51be_4863_bb0b_35845ac9362b
prefLabel: RedStrangeAntiQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_4eb4cb62_10e3_41ef_9226_a53462d52357
prefLabel: GluonType4
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_523f4260_31df_4967_84a6_218fd7d503b1
conceptualisation: A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1).
prefLabel: QuantumAnnihilation
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d2fc9fc2_7f50_495d_a311_1832349db6cb
prefLabel: ElectronType
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_ab5ba485_7c16_4c9e_b65e_4cb7560f8e8c
prefLabel: GreenDownAntiQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b8fa18b7_14c7_42cd_bd5f_4fc073677a5b
prefLabel: BlueStrangeQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_dcca141c_dba1_4f83_86ac_f4cb2d9a1bdd
prefLabel: BlueQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_84cadc45_6758_46f2_ba2a_5ead65c70213
elucidation: A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms.
prefLabel: AtomisticModel
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_82d6c4b3_a037_49de_9622_0407af40bdeb
prefLabel: ThirdGenerationFermion
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_32f55395_8b94_40de_a103_bffa5c121d98
prefLabel: ParticulateMatter
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_4dae1cac_d61a_4abb_8f74_2568b7f2d6d7
prefLabel: WNegativeBoson
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_0f19d84e_05b4_47c9_a5de_bb2a913d211b
elucidation: A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork.
comment: A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles.
prefLabel: PhysicallyNonInteracting
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_de5e558c_2066_4b1f_b888_e2503bcafee0
prefLabel: TauAntiNeutrino
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_68c0e0cd_6afd_4eb7_9dfa_91c2462002c9
prefLabel: CharmAntiQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_29108c7c_9087_4992_ab1c_02561665df21
example: Examples of composite particles with half-integer spin: spin 1/2: He3 in ground state, proton, neutron spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neutron)
prefLabel: CompositeFermion
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_e1ae2427_e902_44ae_bac2_8ac80939c457
prefLabel: BlueBottomQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_8f87e700_99a8_4427_8ffb_e493de05c217
elucidation: A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus.
prefLabel: Proton
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_6c03574f_6daa_4488_a970_ee355cca2530
definition: The union of Elementary and Quantum classes.
elucidation: The class of entities that have no spatial structure.
conceptualisation: The concept is based on the common usage of the word “particle”, that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time.
prefLabel: CausalParticle
Subclass of:
Individuals:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#57d977ab_0036_4779_b59a_e47620afdb9c
prefLabel: Substance
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_4e36a0b8_e6c7_456e_bef5_c830e3c0ed17
prefLabel: AntiElectronType
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_9668ae43_d1a0_43ae_a91a_9051512b0a54
prefLabel: GluonType7
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#4bb03d40_78d2_45a4_9cb0_4336c9fc3b70
prefLabel: CausallHairedSystem
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_8043d3c6_a4c1_4089_ba34_9744e28e5b3d
elucidation: The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons.
prefLabel: Electron
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_f321cf62_99e4_418e_bb3e_3dfcc91f701f
prefLabel: BlueUpQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_225775f9_3bf3_4309_a7e1_aa7305c9278a
prefLabel: RedCharmQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_27c5d8c6_8af7_4d63_beb1_ec37cd8b3fa3
elucidation: An ‘equation’ that stands for a ‘physical_law’ by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities.
example: The Newton’s equation of motion. The Schrödinger equation. The Navier-Stokes equation.
prefLabel: PhysicsEquation
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_43a4e80d_6ae9_45ed_8cfb_fd0a5339bf87
elucidation: A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system.
comment: A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums.
conceptualisation: A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental).
prefLabel: FundamentalInteraction
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_e5728eea_e805_433e_a426_56c4fe811e67
prefLabel: WPositiveBoson
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_2a0f30f5_bb26_4235_9d67_a6b22aca78e3
prefLabel: MuonAntiNeutrino
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_5a77b7a6_7b16_48cd_8d69_a0c4b9174a3f
prefLabel: BlueCharmAntiQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_24dda193_ada8_433b_bb74_6ca4a0b89a20
elucidation: Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3.
prefLabel: Baryon
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_94b07779_910a_4e56_bb34_2754dae4e376
prefLabel: BlueDownQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_387b0334_aff8_4b3f_9062_8ad051f72e91
prefLabel: RedBottomQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_88ca735d_af0e_4773_b769_9c9bc6f8f91c
prefLabel: GreenBottomAntiQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d
definition: The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes.
elucidation: A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities.
altLabel: CausalObject
comment: A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts.
conceptualisation: The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: - is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) - all quantum parts form a causally connected graph
prefLabel: CausalStructure
Subclass of:
Individuals:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_dad35c10_dd6c_4602_8474_f4ef68517fe9
prefLabel: FundamentalMatterParticle
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_26a38b26_38ea_4acf_b212_db9e34c71b7a
prefLabel: Positron
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_1f8f92a8_4cc9_4fa3_9b5f_d5af5bab4fd2
prefLabel: RedBottomAntiQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_38d00e5f_d759_4dcc_8551_ab95865cf799
elucidation: A meson with total spin 1 and even parit.
prefLabel: PseudovectorMeson
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovector_meson
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_4a465306_cb91_4458_a94a_2d0584d9aa95
prefLabel: GreenUpAntiQuark
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360
elucidation: The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure.
example: An electron with at least one causal interaction with another particle.
OWLDLRestrictedAxiom: hasTemporalPart min 2 (Elementary or Quantum)
altLabel: CausalChain
altLabel: Elementary
conceptualisation: A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time.
prefLabel: CausalPath
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#5e00b1db_48fc_445b_82e8_ab0e2255bf52
prefLabel: MultiParticlePath
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_49267eba_5548_4163_8f36_518d65b583f9
elucidation: The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective.
comment: This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a ‘Perspective’ subclass.
prefLabel: Perspective
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_1e877c70_3b01_45a8_a8f6_8ce4f6a24660
elucidation: A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties.
altLabel: Contrast
altLabel: Dedomena
altLabel: Pattern
comment: A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning.
comment: The covering axiom that defines the data class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded or non encoded.
prefLabel: Data
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_5a10e288_c6a5_409a_a16a_98a2fb8be4f3
elucidation: Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it.
example: A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star.
altLabel: EnvironmentalData
comment: This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally.
prefLabel: NonEncodedData
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_be8592a7_68d1_4a06_ad23_82f2b56ef926
elucidation: Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema.
example: A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands.
comment: A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules.
prefLabel: DiscreteData
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_6fa1feac_c388_44cc_a721_283499d5addc
elucidation: Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values / be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability.
prefLabel: QuantumData
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#8d9db119_139d_48dc_9350_369e8fdbe608
prefLabel: DataStructure
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_3e7add3d_e6ed_489a_a796_8e31fef9b490
elucidation: A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule.
example: A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives.
Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter). Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData. Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols. Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names).
example: A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM.
altLabel: EncodedVariation
comment: We call “decoding” the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent’s cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). We call “interpreting” the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective.
prefLabel: EncodedData
wikipediaReference: https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_ac1a05c5_0c17_4387_bac0_683f2a86f3ed
elucidation: Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types).
prefLabel: NonNumericalData
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_ed257e78_8b59_44c3_9d61_06c261184f55
elucidation: Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time.
prefLabel: ClassicalData
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_888a5dea_3b7d_4dc0_93f2_d4e345a1f903
elucidation: Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols.
prefLabel: NumericalData
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_50d6236a_7667_4883_8ae1_9bb5d190423a
elucidation: A self-consistent encoded data entity.
example: A character, a bit, a song in a CD.
prefLabel: Datum
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_0d1c0018_42e2_4506_bc3d_f53c117c1ad3
elucidation: Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic.
example: A vynil contain continuous information about the recorded sound.
comment: The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum.
prefLabel: AnalogData
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_194e367c_9783_4bf5_96d0_9ad597d48d9a
elucidation: Encoded data made of more than one datum.
prefLabel: DataSet
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_acb50123_87a2_4753_b36c_f87114ad4de2
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06283
prefLabel: Tesla
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/T
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_00199e76_69dc_45b6_a9c6_98cc90cdc0f5
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02696
prefLabel: Gray
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GRAY
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_873b0ab3_88e6_4054_b901_5531e01f14a4
elucidation: Quantitative property intended to be measured.
– VIM
VIMTerm: measurand
altLabel: Measurand
prefLabel: MeasuredQuantitativeProperty
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_696ed548_9477_45ea_993c_6a8f5271914a
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01365
prefLabel: Coulomb
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_8b66ada5_510c_44bd_a8d8_3c64d301a5e9
elucidation: An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object.
example: An application that predicts the pressure drop of a fluid in a pipe segment is aimed to functionally reproduce the outcome of a measurement of pressure before and after the segment.
prefLabel: SimulationApplication
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_a121bb1d_5225_4c78_809b_0268c3012208
elucidation: Measure of plane angle.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05036
prefLabel: Radian
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/RAD
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_67c70dcd_2adf_4e6c_b3f8_f33dd1512487
elucidation: A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object.
prefLabel: EmpiricalSimulationSoftware
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_1e0b665d_db6c_4752_a6d4_262d3a8dbb46
definition: Measure of plane angle defined as 1/60 or a degree.
altLabel: MinuteOfArc
prefLabel: ArcMinute
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/ARCMIN
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_33b67e69_3645_4c73_b100_5ea6759221b4
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03372
prefLabel: Katal
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KAT
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_a9201b2f_e6de_442a_b3a6_d292a5820bc5
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02320
prefLabel: Farad
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/FARAD
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_6795a4b8_ffd0_4588_a581_a9413fe49cac
elucidation: Non-SI units mentioned in the SI.
prefLabel: SIAcceptedSpecialUnit
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-SI_units_mentioned_in_the_SI
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b71e4ba5_8f73_4199_8c96_7ea7f94d9e2a
definition: Radioactive decays per second.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00624
prefLabel: Becquerel
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/BQ
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_8d4962d7_9608_44f7_a2f1_82a4bb173f4a
elucidation: A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object.
prefLabel: PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_8a70dea4_d6ab_4260_b931_a3e990982416
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.J03363
prefLabel: Joule
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_a155dc93_d266_487e_b5e7_2a2c72d5ebf9
definition: A non-SI unit of volume defined as 1 cubic decimetre (dm3),
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03594
prefLabel: Litre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/L
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_a4b14b83_9392_4a5f_a2e8_b2b58793f59b
elucidation: A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object.
prefLabel: DataBasedSimulationSoftware
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_a80dc6f5_b1aa_41a7_a3a8_cd5040da2162
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04442
prefLabel: Pascal
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PA
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_cf3dd6cc_c5d6_4b3d_aef4_82f3b7a361af
elucidation: Dimensionless measurement unit for solid angle.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05971
prefLabel: Steradian
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SR
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d6eb0176_a0d7_4b4e_8df0_50e912be2342
definition: A non-SI metric unit of area defined as the square with 100-metre sides.
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/page/Hectare
prefLabel: Hectare
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HA
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hectare
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d8aa8e1f_b650_416d_88a0_5118de945456
elucidation: A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose.
example: The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory.
If I don’t believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process.
Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes.
prefLabel: ConventionalQuantitativeProperty
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_dc232f53_8ed8_4ddd_9f41_cc057985eadb
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05658
prefLabel: Sievert
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SV
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_dose
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_f2523820_04a6_44ab_bb67_8237dda2b0c2
prefLabel: Siemens
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d0200cf1_e4f4_45ae_873f_b9359daea3cd
prefLabel: ModelledQuantitativeProperty
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_28ef05a7_ecc1_4df6_8116_c53251fbd4a8
definition: A measure of time defined as 86 400 seconds.
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/page/Day
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01527
prefLabel: Day
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DAY
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_3ee80521_3c23_4dd1_935d_9d522614a3e2
elucidation: A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit.
example: Pa stands for N/m2 J stands for N m
prefLabel: SpecialUnit
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_fab003c8_f7a6_4346_9988_7161325ed7a3
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02782
prefLabel: Henry
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/H
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b20be325_8bfd_4237_bee7_201ab0fd9c75
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01561
prefLabel: DegreeCelsius
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG_C
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_21ef2ed6_c086_4d24_8a75_980d2bcc9282
definition: Measure of time defined as 3600 seconds.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02866
prefLabel: Hour
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HR
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_da1dd4a7_c611_4ad4_bef6_7646f28aa598
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03651
prefLabel: Lux
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/LUX
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_dd4a7f3e_ef56_466c_ac1a_d2716b5f87ec
definition: A property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed by means of a number and a reference. – ISO 80000-1
A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such. – International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)
elucidation: A quantity that can be quantified with respect to a standardized reference physical instance (e.g. the prototype meter bar, the kg prototype) or method (e.g. resilience) through a measurement process.
VIMTerm: quantity
prefLabel: QuantitativeProperty
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_64c72d00_7582_44ea_a0b5_3a14e50acc36
elucidation: Information is encoded data with a meaning (semiotic sign).
prefLabel: Information
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_e9ffc696_5228_4ff9_8a60_0f5e05e9931b
elucidation: The 22 derived units that are given a special name in the SI system that stands for units derived by SI base units.
prefLabel: SISpecialUnit
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Units#Derived_units
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_e75f580e_52bf_4dd5_af70_df409cec08fd
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02785
prefLabel: Hertz
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HZ
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_6a4547ab_3abb_430d_b81b_ce32d47729f5
definition: Measure of plane angle defined as 1/3600 or a degree.
altLabel: SecondOfArc
prefLabel: ArcSecond
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/ARCSEC
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_6c7160fc_cc64_46f0_b43b_aba65e9952e3
definition: One bel is defined as 1⁄2 ln(10) neper.
elucidation: Unit of measurement for quantities of type level or level difference.
prefLabel: Bel
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/B
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decibel
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b8830065_3809_41b7_be3c_e33795567fd9
definition: Degree is a measurement of plane angle, defined by representing a full rotation as 360 degrees.
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/page/Degree_(angle)
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01560
prefLabel: Degree
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_e2207e91_02b0_4a8a_b13e_61d2a2a839f1
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06634
prefLabel: Volt
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/V
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_080052a1_f295_44be_a60f_1326ce13f1ba
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06656
prefLabel: Watt
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_e29f84db_4c1c_46ae_aa38_c4d47536b972
definition: The amount of energy gained (or lost) by the charge of a single electron moving across an electric potential difference of one volt.
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/page/Electronvolt
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02014
prefLabel: ElectronVolt
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/EV
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b41515a9_28d8_4d78_8165_74b2fc72f89e
definition: Unit of measurement for quantities of type level or level difference, which are defined as the natural logarithm of the ratio of power- or field-type quantities.
The value of a ratio in nepers is given by ln(x1/x2) where x1 and x2 are the values of interest (amplitudes), and ln is the natural logarithm. When the values are quadratic in the amplitude (e.g. power), they are first linearised by taking the square root before the logarithm is taken, or equivalently the result is halved.
Wikipedia
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/page/Neper
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04106
prefLabel: Neper
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NP
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neper
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_59c10c5c_47bd_4348_ba39_38836607dfa1
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04280
prefLabel: Ohm
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/OHM
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_f8b92999_3cde_46e3_99d5_664da3090a02
definition: A non-SI unit defined as 1000 kg.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06394
prefLabel: Tonne
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/TON_M
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonne
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d7f11b34_a121_4519_87c0_aa754f1c4737
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06666
prefLabel: Weber
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/WB
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_00dd79e0_31a6_427e_9b9c_90f3097e4a96
definition: One dalton is defined as one twelfth of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state.
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/page/Unified_atomic_mass_unit
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01514
prefLabel: Dalton
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/Dalton
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d7b7fd1e_645a_42cb_8f40_85f0d034d3ae
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03639
prefLabel: Lumen
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/LM
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_cabb20f0_05c7_448f_9485_e129725f15a4
definition: Non-SI time unit defined as 60 seconds.
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/page/Minute
prefLabel: Minute
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MIN
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_847724b7_acef_490e_9f0d_67da967f2812
elucidation: A non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured.
example: - Standard deviation
VIMTerm: measurement uncertainty
prefLabel: MeasurementUncertainty
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_a979c531_f9fa_4a6e_93c1_a2960241ca64
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04135
prefLabel: Newton
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_053648ea_3c0a_468c_89cb_eb009239323a
definition: One astronomical unit is defined as exactly 149597870700 m, which is roughly the distance from earth to sun.
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/page/Astronomical_unit
prefLabel: AstronomicalUnit
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PARSEC
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_a4b14b83_9392_4a5f_a2e8_b2b58793f59b
elucidation: A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object.
prefLabel: DataBasedSimulationSoftware
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_4db96fb7_e9e0_466d_942b_f6f17bfdc145
elucidation: Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off.
altLabel: BinaryData
prefLabel: DigitalData
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_8681074a_e225_4e38_b586_e85b0f43ce38
elucidation: All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system.
comment: Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users.
prefLabel: Software
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_65411b3d_c8d3_4111_86a9_a2ce0a64c647
elucidation: A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do.
altLabel: Executable
comment: A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer’s central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data.
prefLabel: Program
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_3b031fa9_8623_4ea5_8b57_bcafb70c5c8b
elucidation: A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures.
example: Word processors, graphic image processing programs, database management systems, numerical simulation software and games.
altLabel: App
altLabel: Application
prefLabel: ApplicationProgram
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_8b66ada5_510c_44bd_a8d8_3c64d301a5e9
elucidation: An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object.
example: An application that predicts the pressure drop of a fluid in a pipe segment is aimed to functionally reproduce the outcome of a measurement of pressure before and after the segment.
prefLabel: SimulationApplication
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_67c70dcd_2adf_4e6c_b3f8_f33dd1512487
elucidation: A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object.
prefLabel: EmpiricalSimulationSoftware
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_58b17cac_3125_4486_9b9c_8c45ac254040
elucidation: System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function.
example: An operating system. A graphic driver.
prefLabel: SystemProgram
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_348d39f7_6a17_49d1_9860_9b33b69b51de
elucidation: A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do.
comment: A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions.
comment: Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters).
prefLabel: SourceCode
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_8d4962d7_9608_44f7_a2f1_82a4bb173f4a
elucidation: A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object.
prefLabel: PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_f9bc8b52_85e9_4b53_b969_dd7724d5b8e4
elucidation: A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules.
prefLabel: Expression
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_89a0c87c_0804_4013_937a_6fe234d9499c
elucidation: A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration.
comment: This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema.
prefLabel: SymbolicConstruct
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_89083bab_f69c_4d06_bf6d_62973b56cdc7
example: 2+2
prefLabel: ArithmeticExpression
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_db99b1e5_2f34_467b_a784_d104946d9f00
elucidation: The term “Uniform Resource Name” (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the “urn” scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name.
prefLabel: URN
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_0b6ebe5a_0026_4bef_a1c1_5be00df9f98e
elucidation: A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions.
example: f(x) > 0
prefLabel: Inequality
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_27c5d8c6_8af7_4d63_beb1_ec37cd8b3fa3
elucidation: An ‘equation’ that stands for a ‘physical_law’ by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities.
example: The Newton’s equation of motion. The Schrödinger equation. The Navier-Stokes equation.
prefLabel: PhysicsEquation
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_90f18cf0_1225_4c64_b5f8_f65cd7f992c5
elucidation: A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations.
prefLabel: MaterialsModel
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d8d2144e_5c8d_455d_a643_5caf4d8d9df8
elucidation: A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula).
prefLabel: Language
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_84cadc45_6758_46f2_ba2a_5ead65c70213
elucidation: A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms.
prefLabel: AtomisticModel
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b29fd350_39aa_4af7_9459_3faa0544cba6
elucidation: A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity.
prefLabel: PhysicsBasedModel
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#b45fbdc6_2519_4885_aa49_c56b394c3910
prefLabel: ComputerScience
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_8a8f664b_dc59_4e00_ae00_81fdf1e1d12e
elucidation: The term “Uniform Resource Locator” (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network “location”).
prefLabel: URL
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_4456a5d2_16a6_4ee1_9a8e_5c75956b28ea
elucidation: A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume.
prefLabel: ContinuumModel
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_6eca09be_17e9_445e_abc9_000aa61b7a11
elucidation: A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons.
example: Density functional theory. Hartree-Fock.
prefLabel: ElectronicModel
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#af7b627d_6528_4fdb_97df_ba4579c4bb5d
prefLabel: MarkupLanguage
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40
elucidation: A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules.
example: fe780 emmo !5*a cat for(i=0;i<N;++i)
comment: A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn’t necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. In other words, a sequence of bit “1000010” in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter “B”. The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: “Hello”, since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet.
comment: A symbolic object possesses a reductionistic oriented structure. For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of characters (i.e. atomic symbols).
prefLabel: Symbolic
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_53935db0_af45_4426_b9e9_244a0d77db00
elucidation: A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle.
prefLabel: MesoscopicModel
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_88470739_03d3_4c47_a03e_b30a1288d50c
elucidation: A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y.
prefLabel: MathematicalFormula
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_2ff07b07_c447_490f_903a_f6a72a12d7bf
elucidation: A real vector with 3 elements.
example: The quantity value of physical quantities if real space is a Shape3Vector.
prefLabel: Shape3Vector
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_ffe760a2_9d1f_4aef_8bee_1f450f9cb00d
prefLabel: MathematicalConstruct
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_6470bbfa_04a6_4360_9534_1aa18d68329b
elucidation: A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource.
comment: URI = scheme “:” [“//” authority] path [“?” query] [“#” fragment]
prefLabel: URI
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_bd8db028_aec2_4a44_ad93_1a9f8270f72c
prefLabel: ChemicalSymbolicConstruct
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_06658d8d_dcde_4fc9_aae1_17f71c0bcdec
elucidation: 1-dimensional array who’s spatial direct parts are numbers.
altLabel: 1DArray
altLabel: LinearArray
prefLabel: Vector
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_20ff3b34_c864_4936_8955_9345fc0a3b3c
elucidation: 3-dimensional array who’s spatial direct parts are matrices.
altLabel: 3DArray
prefLabel: Array3D
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_24b30ba4_90f4_423d_93d2_fd0fde349087
elucidation: A real matrix with shape 4x3.
prefLabel: Shape4x3Matrix
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_1aed91a3_d00c_48af_8f43_a0c958b2512a
example: 2x+3
prefLabel: AlgebricExpression
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_50ea1ec5_f157_41b0_b46b_a9032f17ca10
elucidation: A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged.
example: The word “cat” considered as a collection of ‘symbol’-s respecting the rules of english language.
In this example the ‘symbolic’ entity “cat” is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word).
If an ‘interpreter’ skilled in english language is involved in a ‘semiotic’ process with this word, that “cat” became also a ‘sign’ i.e. it became for the ‘interpreter’ a representation for a real cat.
comment: A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list).
comment: A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it’s simply directly made of symbols.
prefLabel: String
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_1cba0b27_15d0_4326_933f_379d0b3565b6
elucidation: 2-dimensional array who’s spatial direct parts are vectors.
altLabel: 2DArray
prefLabel: Matrix
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#52867015_cd2b_4697_8c8f_3acb32c13587
prefLabel: LanguageInterpretableFile
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_91447ec0_fb55_49f2_85a5_3172dff6482c
example: 2 * x^2 + x + 3
prefLabel: Polynomial
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_27c5d8c6_8af7_4d63_beb1_ec37cd8b3fa3
elucidation: An ‘equation’ that stands for a ‘physical_law’ by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities.
example: The Newton’s equation of motion. The Schrödinger equation. The Navier-Stokes equation.
prefLabel: PhysicsEquation
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_90f18cf0_1225_4c64_b5f8_f65cd7f992c5
elucidation: A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations.
prefLabel: MaterialsModel
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_84cadc45_6758_46f2_ba2a_5ead65c70213
elucidation: A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms.
prefLabel: AtomisticModel
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_f7ed665b_c2e1_42bc_889b_6b42ed3a36f0
elucidation: An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language.
prefLabel: MathematicalModel
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b29fd350_39aa_4af7_9459_3faa0544cba6
elucidation: A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity.
prefLabel: PhysicsBasedModel
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_4456a5d2_16a6_4ee1_9a8e_5c75956b28ea
elucidation: A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume.
prefLabel: ContinuumModel
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_6eca09be_17e9_445e_abc9_000aa61b7a11
elucidation: A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons.
example: Density functional theory. Hartree-Fock.
prefLabel: ElectronicModel
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_53935db0_af45_4426_b9e9_244a0d77db00
elucidation: A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle.
prefLabel: MesoscopicModel
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_0277f24a_ea7f_4917_81b7_fb0406c8fc62
definition: The union of classes whole and part.
elucidation: A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa.
example: A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred.
example: A product is a role that can be fulfilled by many objects, but always requires a process to which the product participates and from which it is generated.
altLabel: Wholistic
conceptualisation: An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part.
This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature.
The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement.
prefLabel: Holistic
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_6c739b1a_a774_4416_bb31_1961486fa9ed
elucidation: The ‘semiosis’ process of interpreting a ‘physical’ and provide a complec sign, ‘theory’ that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter.
altLabel: Theorization
prefLabel: Theorisation
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_1efe8b96_e006_4a33_bc9a_421406cbb9f0
elucidation: The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole.
comment: A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings.
prefLabel: Whole
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_0f6f0120_c079_4d95_bb11_4ddee05e530e
elucidation: Result of a measurement.
A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty.
– VIM
VIMTerm: measurement result
comment: A measurement result has the measured quantity, measurement uncertainty and other relevant attributes as holistic parts.
prefLabel: MeasurementResult
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_22522299_4091_4d1f_82a2_3890492df6db
elucidation: An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment.
prefLabel: Experiment
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_f76884f7_964e_488e_9bb7_1b2453e9e817
elucidation: A constituent of a system.
prefLabel: Component
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_210e7e99_c1cf_44cc_87c7_310a10ff068b
elucidation: A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object.
example: Accelerating is a behaviour of a car.
prefLabel: Behaviour
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_a633c6f8_4269_4870_9b28_f5ca1783fd54
elucidation: A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process.
example: Moving a leg is a stage of the process of running.
prefLabel: Stage
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_ceaaf9f7_fd11_424b_8fda_9afa186af186
elucidation: An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object.
example: A tire is a constituent of a car.
altLabel: ObjectPart
prefLabel: Constituent
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_13191289_6c2b_4741_93e1_82d53bd0e703
elucidation: An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process.
example: A student during an examination.
prefLabel: Participant
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_49804605_c0fe_4538_abda_f70ba1dc8a5d
elucidation: A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process.
example: Breathing is a subprocess of living for a human being.
comment: In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology.
Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it.
prefLabel: SubProcess
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_fcae603e_aa6e_4940_9fa1_9f0909cabf3b
elucidation: An holistic spatial part of a whole.
altLabel: HolisticSpatialPart
prefLabel: NonTemporalRole
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c130614a_2985_476d_a7ed_8a137847703c
elucidation: An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process.
comment: Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation.
prefLabel: IntentionalAgent
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_f68858dd_64f4_4877_b7fb_70d04fbe5bab
elucidation: A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object.
example: Blood circulation in a human body.
comment: A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole.
prefLabel: ConstitutiveProcess
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_0e1f2009_bf12_49d1_99f3_1422e5287d82
elucidation: An holistic temporal part of a whole.
altLabel: HolisticTemporalPart
prefLabel: TemporalRole
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_2480b72b_db8d_460f_9a5f_c2912f979046
elucidation: A participant that is the driver of the process.
example: A catalyst. A bus driver. A substance that is initiating a reaction that would not occur without its presence.
comment: An agent is not necessarily human. An agent plays an active role within the process. An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it.
prefLabel: Agent
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_322ce14e_9ede_4841_ad70_302b4d6c5f28
elucidation: A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end.
prefLabel: InternalStep
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_9f6ec830_c59f_46aa_8a22_945ba20b6ea3
elucidation: A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description.
comment: A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks.
prefLabel: Step
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_2553c342_fc28_47d8_8e19_7a98fa08f150
elucidation: An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object.
example: If an inhabited house is considered as an house that is occupied by some people in its majority of time, then an interval of inhabited house in which occasionally nobody is in there is no more an inhabited house, but an unhinabited house, since this temporal part does not satisfy the criteria of the whole.
prefLabel: SubObject
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_2666a7e3_2ad4_49a0_899e_329607231f4b
prefLabel: SerialStep
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_4299e344_a321_4ef2_a744_bacfcce80afc
elucidation: A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow.
altLabel: Job
comment: A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs.
prefLabel: Task
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d9589ed2_5304_48b3_9795_11bf44e64e9b
elucidation: An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process.
example: A semi-naked man is a status in the process of a man’s dressing.
altLabel: State
prefLabel: Status
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_8a2a1cbc_dfc3_4e6c_b337_00ee56fd438a
elucidation: The final step of a workflow.
comment: There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output.
prefLabel: EndStep
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_5c68497d_2544_4cd4_897b_1ea783c9f6fe
elucidation: An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment.
prefLabel: Tool
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b941e455_2cb1_4c11_93e3_17caa06086b4
elucidation: An initial step of a workflow.
comment: There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel.
prefLabel: BeginStep
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_9ac10a20_63d0_4bbd_a5d3_f00a0ad4682c
elucidation: A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow.
example: Jacobi method numerical step, involving the multiplication between a matrix A and a vector x, whose result is used to update the vector x.
prefLabel: IterativeStep
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_4f226cf3_6d02_4d35_8566_a9e641bc6ff3
elucidation: An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part.
altLabel: HolisticPart
altLabel: Part
comment: In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes).
prefLabel: Role
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_82fc8506_1f84_4add_9683_abea077bd1e3
elucidation: The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process.
ISO14040Reference: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:14040:ed-2:v1:en:term:3.9
ISO9000Reference: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.4.2
altLabel: Output
prefLabel: Product
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_2565210a_bbcc_4c00_a122_6a608faa355b
prefLabel: HandlingDevice
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_f055e217_0b1b_4e7e_b8be_7340211b0c5e
elucidation: The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole).
prefLabel: SpatiallyFundamental
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad
elucidation: An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose.
example: Car, tire, composite material.
altLabel: Artifact
altLabel: Engineered
altLabel: TangibleProduct
prefLabel: ManufacturedProduct
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_95d4eb9b_d3d0_4705_a01c_4f87fb5f8d43
prefLabel: TransportationDevice
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_127594de_4802_4ad6_b09d_d05b340394dd
ISO9000Reference: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-4:v1:en:term:3.7.7
altLabel: IntangibleProduct
prefLabel: Service
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_86a305d1_7644_48be_b84c_1f976679b904
elucidation: A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process.
prefLabel: ManufacturingDevice
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_ec7464a9_d99d_45f8_965b_4e9230ea8356
elucidation: A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process.
altLabel: EngineeredMaterial
altLabel: ProcessedMaterial
prefLabel: ManufacturedMaterial
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_57c75ca1_bf8a_42bc_85d9_58cfe38c7df2
elucidation: A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria.
example: A marathon is an example of class whose individuals are always maximal since the criteria satisfied by a marathon 4D entity poses some constraints on its temporal and spatial extent.
On the contrary, the class for a generic running process does not necessarily impose maximality to its individuals. A running individual is maximal only when it extends in time for the minimum amount required to identify a running act, so every possible temporal part is always a non-running.
Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decomposed into running intervals. The marathon class is a subclass of running.
altLabel: Lifetime
altLabel: Maximal
prefLabel: Fundamental
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c0afb341_7d31_4883_a307_ae4606df2a1b
elucidation: A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process.
prefLabel: Manufacturer
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_00b85655_f20c_4e83_b90e_094e8ea7e48f
elucidation: An product that is ready for commercialization.
altLabel: Product
prefLabel: CommercialProduct
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_3967de47_343f_4bab_aada_b4bec73d11da
prefLabel: InspectionDevice
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_4b32fc1e_5293_4247_9e8d_1175df9f1c0b
elucidation: The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole).
prefLabel: StrictFundamental
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_494b372c_cfdf_47d3_a4de_5e037c540de8
elucidation: An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment.
altLabel: Equipment
altLabel: Machine
prefLabel: Device
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_aaad78a9_abaf_4f97_9c1a_d763a94c4ba3
elucidation: The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole).
prefLabel: TemporallyFundamental
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_bbca6dfa_7463_4e8d_8280_35862ff50ce0
elucidation: A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type.
example: An object A which is classified as water-fluid possesses a proper part B which is water itself if the lenght scale of the B is larger than the water intermolecular distance keeping it in the continuum range. In this sense, A is redundant.
If A is a water-fluid so small that its every proper part is no more a continuum object (i.e. no more a fluid), then A is fundamental.
altLabel: NonMaximal
prefLabel: Redundant
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_2469e4c6_ac2e_4c8f_b49f_7b2d2e277215
elucidation: A whole with spatial parts of its same type.
prefLabel: SpatiallyRedundant
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_808566db_b810_448d_8a54_48e7f6d30f36
elucidation: A whole with temporal parts of its same type.
prefLabel: TemporallyRedundant
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_f8b20fd2_08b9_4368_b786_156e11d1cec8
prefLabel: FormingFromPowder
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_4d5053a7_273e_495b_8098_5aa5c0f3f925
prefLabel: InjectionMolding
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b8ce01a5_1e0c_4c69_8e54_7235fd4fe47e
prefLabel: SparkErosion
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_44f91d47_3faf_48e2_844c_d44bbe3e22f6
prefLabel: Milling
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c9a2307d_51d0_426b_ae2f_85f5a44934e0
prefLabel: Extrusion
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c2d9d370_f9eb_40be_b01e_7ceba8f7457f
prefLabel: FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_6fa330f7_3289_4228_81df_12ee8a9708ac
prefLabel: Tempering
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_5e5656ef_971e_49e6_a32f_048b6e86c3e0
prefLabel: FormingFromChip
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_2666a7e3_2ad4_49a0_899e_329607231f4b
prefLabel: SerialStep
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_4299e344_a321_4ef2_a744_bacfcce80afc
elucidation: A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow.
altLabel: Job
comment: A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs.
prefLabel: Task
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_2138677c_845a_4bc2_8be7_7b0a07b4777d
prefLabel: Grinding
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_5dd63d84_57f5_4b79_b760_fe940c06680d
elucidation: A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct.
comment: The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + at is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + at, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality.
prefLabel: PhysicsMathematicalComputation
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_61846411_8c6f_410b_ae7b_8999ec18f2b2
prefLabel: DeepFreezing
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c0ec56d1_0deb_4452_a6a1_70570308b6bb
prefLabel: CeramicSintering
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_084b4f77_6df7_4c6a_b705_2528aba5cdda
prefLabel: MaterialRelationComputation
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_dc0874e8_36e1_44df_947d_0d7c81167a09
prefLabel: Peening
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c30aaeb1_66cc_4c69_8890_d7812c1d608c
prefLabel: Magnetizing
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_658b8bca_203a_49a6_920b_96b5baf5e199
prefLabel: PowderCoating
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_03eb9b46_8ff0_4fcd_b1a0_73f65ae7434e
altLabel: GenerativeManufacturing
prefLabel: AdditiveManufacturing
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c7f4684e_ee74_4119_87e0_ecd255e10d2f
prefLabel: Calendering
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_e2b08775_a0f6_4bf7_b228_53dc2299f114
prefLabel: PlasmaCutting
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_6ab555fd_5803_4f03_82e8_127c01aabfea
elucidation: A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces.
altLabel: Fügen
prefLabel: JoinManufacturing
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_26f34447_32ec_48ce_9baa_4afec09120f4
prefLabel: InterferenceFitting
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_ae3c9eb3_289d_4133_99d6_77068367a58d
prefLabel: Casting
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_253e1d54_69af_4931_90d0_5ccfd7e690ad
elucidation: Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology.
comment: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use.
prefLabel: 3DPrinting
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_9f6ec830_c59f_46aa_8a22_945ba20b6ea3
elucidation: A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description.
comment: A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks.
prefLabel: Step
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_592b1d98_4736_4cac_9b62_849b8dbe11c7
comment: Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant.
e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process.
prefLabel: ProcessEngineeringProcess
wikipediaReference: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verfahrenstechnik
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_06c415dc_ba26_407d_b596_283bd4d9a66f
prefLabel: Welding
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_3c7affee_09ed_42e7_a190_4a10c75ab6dd
prefLabel: PrecipitationHardening
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_0342678c_13ba_43d7_9cbd_df60967a0a45
prefLabel: MicrowaveSintering
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_607ccc15_38aa_4a69_a70a_effa8015bf42
prefLabel: HardeningByRolling
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_2b4783a6_36ad_48c8_8f5d_fe7c05ad298b
elucidation: A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed.
altLabel: Forming
altLabel: Umformen
comment: The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part.
prefLabel: ReshapeManufacturing
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_8b2fd84c_8f51_4731_9bd7_830545e78b23
prefLabel: LowPressureCasting
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_00f2dc2d_2f64_468a_a77c_d70841b0b5f0
prefLabel: PhotochemicalProcesses
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c7171429_b9e3_4812_95c1_e97309370538
prefLabel: Dismantling
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d02f6f3e_9e32_4188_a116_29dc304ceb49
prefLabel: DrawForms
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_f5655090_2266_41cb_b2e9_3b4569c45731
prefLabel: Planing
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_78284835_f4ed_4a7c_914f_a7fdb460ed8e
prefLabel: FormingJoin
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_410b5956_a06d_4370_b7df_b1bd2126fb4b
prefLabel: Screwing
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_662e94ea_babe_4709_af8f_b669931076bc
prefLabel: GrowingCrystal
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_755eaac8_735e_438c_8c19_a8b5e6a81728
elucidation: Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes.
prefLabel: RapidPrototyping
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#1c7f2dfe_0db4_4bf6_a0f6_853054a34ead
elucidation: A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application.
prefLabel: DataProcessing
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c790c7ff_2d10_4336_94ad_4f4e173109a9
prefLabel: Soldering
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72
altLabel: ProductionEngineeringProcess
comment: This class represents processes that are related to industrial approach, as appeared after XIX century.
prefLabel: IndustrialTechnologyProcess
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_9900d51c_bdd3_40e8_aa82_ad1aa7092f71
prefLabel: Annealing
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_3cb27225_df45_4616_aa3b_32dba383524c
prefLabel: LiquidPhaseSintering
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c62b76d5_c1cc_432a_8c9e_7684ab054669
prefLabel: HardeningByForging
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_64963ed6_39c9_4258_85e0_6466c4b5420c
elucidation: A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts.
prefLabel: Workflow
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_eb85216f_b872_4ee5_9f62_655aa2ae0470
prefLabel: MergingManufacturing
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_a85d0b8a_588e_423f_b799_97b0890e9183
prefLabel: DieCasting
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_326e7731_76c5_402d_a041_c9b48a736963
prefLabel: FormingFromIonised
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_1a2cbca8_3d3b_4e2c_9a71_e39273937786
prefLabel: Ablation
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_8f4d2c80_002f_44b4_a4f1_0d9ead0779ba
prefLabel: Molds
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c1dad83e_974f_432e_ac92_d016f2445279
prefLabel: Drilling
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_68ee441e_c89e_4391_93c3_e68fef59fe14
prefLabel: Bending
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_aa446897_0683_4e9b_9b0e_b6081d2d70d8
prefLabel: Folding
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_a09a5342_cad4_40fa_a619_a5af0867cb8f
prefLabel: DippingForms
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_68d094e2_1777_48b5_8e43_32965f824970
prefLabel: VaporDeposition
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_8786cb47_8e1f_4968_9b15_f6d41fc51252
elucidation: A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material.
altLabel: DiscreteManufacturing
altLabel: Werkstücke
prefLabel: WorkpieceManufacturing
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_bbf12904_e25e_4f49_87f3_8bd210a6b535
prefLabel: Pressing
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_7cd8a4ec_b219_498e_b696_028257163aa4
prefLabel: Hardening
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_1a9e6e27_1e1d_492a_824e_6fb848574846
prefLabel: MetallicPowderSintering
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_a139c6d5_1a0b_4605_a6c0_9f383539f9b1
prefLabel: ElectrolyticDeposition
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_5848e476_2768_4988_98f9_9053c532307b
prefLabel: ParallelWorkflow
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_dacfc7dc_5ddb_4f67_986b_dcd01d649d60
prefLabel: HeatTreatment
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_4b77c8ac_6d0e_456a_af41_ce43601b28b7
prefLabel: ContinuousCasting
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_127594de_4802_4ad6_b09d_d05b340394dd
ISO9000Reference: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-4:v1:en:term:3.7.7
altLabel: IntangibleProduct
prefLabel: Service
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_a46f2e3f_6d06_4968_a02f_55274d131130
prefLabel: FormingFromPulp
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d5f98475_00ce_4987_99fb_262aed395e46
prefLabel: Cutting
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_79575941_45dc_4f15_bb59_dc04dff2c92d
prefLabel: TransferMolding
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_463bcfda_867b_41d9_a967_211d4d437cfb
elucidation: An ‘observation’ that results in a quantitative comparison of a ‘property’ of an ‘object’ with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure.
VIMTerm: measurement
prefLabel: Measurement
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_4e099d7e_f624_4761_aff6_2ee6c63b8d2d
prefLabel: DropForging
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_4f46c5ab_1c21_4639_90d5_3c4ebf3b156b
prefLabel: Nailing
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_865a1a70_02e8_40b2_948d_078e636c8701
prefLabel: Foaming
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_28440627_1088_4733_bd3a_a63dc71411a8
elucidation: A manufacturing process that comprises all intermediate manufacturing steps, from raw materials to final product, ready for commercialisation as commercial product for some markets.
prefLabel: CompleteManufacturing
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c9f0abb6_d3e8_459e_bacc_c14ed5481998
prefLabel: ThermalCutting
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_fc859d37_408d_44b6_b345_a0ea0b65121e
elucidation: The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena.
comment: Has shaped bodies as input and output.
prefLabel: MaterialTreatment
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_912ac3a2_a124_4233_92dd_06c9aebea46c
elucidation: The act of connecting together the parts of something
comment: No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom.
prefLabel: Assemblying
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_08d993e0_cc1c_45da_b0c5_3d658091ccfd
prefLabel: PlasticSintering
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c4ffca76_fb0c_43c7_bc16_8c2430888c83
prefLabel: HardeningByDrawing
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d320f878_2be4_4927_aea6_d36a2ae2dd89
prefLabel: PorcelainOrCeramicCasting
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_83a460aa_5826_4fbb_93e8_d73d0df25757
elucidation: A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves.
altLabel: EmbarassinglyParallelWorkflow
prefLabel: PureParallelWorkflow
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_03441eb3_d1fd_4906_b953_b83312d7589e
elucidation: Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece.
comment: Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten.
prefLabel: Sintering
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_f1d0f28b_7575_4e82_8d22_cb5b46b84cfd
prefLabel: GravityCasting
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_6523cad7_ea54_471c_adb7_e783f824ec09
prefLabel: FormingFromPlastic
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_8679c7d3_fd5d_49ba_bc1f_1bb820a1f73f
prefLabel: DefinedEdgeCutting
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_381b6a6e_6e8e_461a_8591_d7a60e823d4d
prefLabel: BlowMolding
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_9ac10a20_63d0_4bbd_a5d3_f00a0ad4682c
elucidation: A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow.
example: Jacobi method numerical step, involving the multiplication between a matrix A and a vector x, whose result is used to update the vector x.
prefLabel: IterativeStep
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_ecf78412_f0ca_4368_9078_559ffe8935d3
prefLabel: DeepDrawing
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_9d74a963_8c62_4c20_a413_93b786bfbecc
prefLabel: Presses
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_71b7346e_5a4a_4b2b_8ac5_d41ecc9c7bfd
prefLabel: ProductionEngineering
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_095b3c46_2b60_43cb_bade_9ee9ac969720
prefLabel: Filling
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c7d004db-59fa-5ae3-adb1-e75736aa721a
elucidation: Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap.
prefLabel: Sawing
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_ecc10f05_b301_4dcf_8c84_b6f511117234
prefLabel: Gluing
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_ddecfff6_d3a1_4972_b9e9_3d0ca11a3a0b
elucidation: A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type.
prefLabel: IterativeWorkflow
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_9e452535_a369_404d_9afb_d41fd79d12b8
prefLabel: ConcreteOrPlasterPouring
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_3086e6a8_edd9_4592_b33c_66d818835951
prefLabel: Flanging
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_3528547f_cefe_4f24_bc46_936b39f711eb
prefLabel: ThermomechanicalTreatment
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_e1f38566_ba25_4c09_9282_eea2b86cb90b
prefLabel: CentrifugalCasting
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_1b01c9c6_6367_498c_a04d_1a37499b3eff
prefLabel: ElectroSinterForging
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_4e6c4c25_e937_40d5_9cd1_0f3b740cc0a8
prefLabel: FormingFromGas
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_24788d59_32f5_4339_a42a_43a102ec14a8
prefLabel: UndefinedEdgeCutting
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b
elucidation: The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes.
comment: Deals with entities that have a defined shape.
prefLabel: Manufacturing
wikipediaReference: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertigungsverfahren
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d700aed9_2eb9_4e26_ba30_81cc36157fb1
prefLabel: FiberboardManufacturing
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d3eecd54_e9bf_4c6f_bef8_6086cb9aa7b5
prefLabel: Riveting
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b941e455_2cb1_4c11_93e3_17caa06086b4
elucidation: An initial step of a workflow.
comment: There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel.
prefLabel: BeginStep
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_322ce14e_9ede_4841_ad70_302b4d6c5f28
elucidation: A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end.
prefLabel: InternalStep
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_92028373_3a43_4b80_9a69_caca22df3918
elucidation: A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece.
altLabel: Beschichten
prefLabel: CoatingManufacturing
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_f0644f69_7337_4385_9d4a_4401b7bf3302
prefLabel: SparkPlasmaSintering
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_fa9cfc5d_9c3c_4856_a708_28be3858917e
elucidation: The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding).
comment: Deals with undefined shapes both input and output.
prefLabel: MaterialSynthesis
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_dc3a6b2d_e31d_491a_ab40_c433f8dd8d48
prefLabel: Cementing
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_47eea65c_e6ce_4c95_9406_fdb1519abc87
altLabel: Hot-dipGalvanizing
prefLabel: HotDipGalvanizing
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49
elucidation: The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules.
example: The process in which a control unit of a CPU (the agent) orchestrates some cached binary data according to a list of instructions (e.g. a program). The process in which a librarian order books alphabetically on a shelf. The execution of an algorithm.
altLabel: Elaboration
altLabel: Work
comment: A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan.
conceptualisation: The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary).
prefLabel: Procedure
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b5efbfa6_8610_4e3e_ad36_93e426bd873e
prefLabel: PlasticModeling
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_2bf617c6_e57b_430b_9f37_fcf2cfda719e
prefLabel: SandMolds
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_e258099f_5361_463c_ba1d_51d7d730630f
prefLabel: FlameCutting
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_5a5cf124_1ece_4b8e_ae63_edc2b5ee573a
prefLabel: ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_92eaefcb_50be_4237_9ec0_4a019ce24921
prefLabel: Cleaning
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_71d1c8f0_c6e3_44b5_a4b6_1b74ff35698a
elucidation: A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties.
example: Synthesis of materials, quenching, the preparation of a cake, tempering of a steel beam.
altLabel: ContinuumManufacturing
comment: A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass.
prefLabel: MaterialsProcessing
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_123b0aee_eac2_461f_8078_3a7c8dfbe7ce
prefLabel: PaperManufacturing
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_46dc0d51_b60f_49cd_8650_9aba7be3726c
prefLabel: HardeningByForming
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_1d6b63d5_9938_483c_ad62_a09ac34153c9
prefLabel: ShearCutting
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_6c213064_e525_45d4_99cf_afebed8bbddd
prefLabel: IsothermalConversion
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_e9907887_f266_4d81_9b2d_ba5137c914dd
prefLabel: TransientLiquidPhaseSintering
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_e9244742_c185_4c50_b455_c57654852582
elucidation: A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process.
altLabel: PrimitiveForming
altLabel: Urformen
prefLabel: ArchetypeManufacturing
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_16d1606c_e562_43cd_a92c_0894abc2027b
prefLabel: Galvanizing
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_30e3edb5_0977_4b9b_9aed_5a4d16c1c07c
prefLabel: Electroplating
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_bafc17b5_9be4_4823_8bbe_ab4e90b6738c
elucidation: A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention).
altLabel: Project
prefLabel: IntentionalProcess
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d7432d8c_3182_4d61_a08f_dc686efaabe9
prefLabel: FormingFromLiquid
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_16c41198_3881_4a34_bae5_993f88823993
prefLabel: ThermalSprayingForming
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_22496460_c849_4bd7_8be0_9a1202506f18
elucidation: Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder).
prefLabel: ArchetypeJoin
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_eff42cb3_208e_4768_9a39_f8b6b3c3d7a2
elucidation: A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language).
example: A matematician that calculates 2+2. A computation machine that calculate the average value of a dataset.
prefLabel: Computation
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c5970406_0b66_4931_8a23_3e81162ba65b
prefLabel: LaserCutting
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_2b524942_4e3e_403a_b4ab_2b53750f3d3b
prefLabel: ReactionSintering
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_91c2db4b_83e2_4c36_aadf_453acc72e6d2
elucidation: Metal forming process in which a metal is passed between several rolls (cylinders) to obtain a specific thickness and mechanical properties.
prefLabel: Rolling
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_3ec45f3b_677d_4e71_be75_6f8966b4f808
altLabel: Loose-powderSintering
altLabel: PressurelessSintering
prefLabel: GravitySintering
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_375aaa5a_998f_4626_83e0_c7d7e52a6565
prefLabel: ChipboardManufacturing
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c4fba898_896b_4d58_a24c_b5c0851fa2a2
prefLabel: Irradiate
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_57ba1bf0_4314_432c_a9bb_6a6720c8dab5
elucidation: A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence.
prefLabel: SerialWorkflow
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_bfce8136_8f58_4ea5_ab3a_1734170c5d92
elucidation: A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips.
prefLabel: Machining
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_263d9161_5a7c_4900_a49b_55f012b3fe07
prefLabel: ThermochemicalTreatment
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_8a2a1cbc_dfc3_4e6c_b337_00ee56fd438a
elucidation: The final step of a workflow.
comment: There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output.
prefLabel: EndStep
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_1acb552d_281a_40a4_9d55_5e31b85d4dc1
prefLabel: PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_90589553_5625_4074_8f0d_0532fd7eb42b
elucidation: A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall.
altLabel: CuttingManufacturing
altLabel: Trennen
prefLabel: SeparateManufacturing
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_96c38f8d_fabd_41dc_abda_d15419eb897d
prefLabel: Painting
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_02122e58_e0b3_4274_bdd4_745f64a61645
elucidation: A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled.
altLabel: IndustrialPlant
prefLabel: Factory
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b9522e56_1fac_4766_97e6_428605fabd3e
elucidation: A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements.
prefLabel: HolisticArrangement
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d64920b5_acd0_4e29_893e_ae03b3d7cdaf
elucidation: A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product.
prefLabel: AssemblyLine
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_4d2ca841_6cb1_4710_a756_5b989746bca2
elucidation: A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts.
prefLabel: MachineCell
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_f93fe78b_9646_4a15_b88b_1c93686a764d
elucidation: A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected.
prefLabel: Network
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_52bbaaee_1145_4be3_8a5c_b366851ea1b9
elucidation: A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function.
prefLabel: Assembled
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c0f72631_d7c2_434c_9c26_5c44123df682
elucidation: An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives.
prefLabel: Organisation
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_16cc6deb_d9f8_4ede_900a_a17cc86e57c4
elucidation: A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process.
prefLabel: ManufacturingSystem
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_0c7ad550_00ae_45ff_a4e2_58d6a61f48eb
elucidation: A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer.
prefLabel: SupplyChain
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_256bb4be_78c6_4f2f_8589_f5e4c8339bbd
elucidation: A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements.
prefLabel: ProductionSystem
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_65a007dc_2550_46b0_b394_3346c67fbb69
elucidation: An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole.
prefLabel: HolisticSystem
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c5ae6d8e_6b39_431f_8de4_ae4e357abc04
elucidation: A ‘Perceptual’ which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer through an optical perception employing the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
example: A cloud. A picture. A colour gradient on a wall. A stain. A mail.
prefLabel: Visual
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_8f207971_aaab_48dc_a10d_55a6b4331410
prefLabel: Somatosensory
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_649bf97b_4397_4005_90d9_219755d92e34
elucidation: The class of ‘Physical’ individuals which stand for real world objects that can stimulate a perception (e.g. a retina impression) into the ontologist and that are categorized accordingly to human perception mechanisms.
example: A line scratched on a surface. A sound. A smell. The word ‘cat’ and the sound of the word ‘cat’ (the first one is graphical and the second acoustical).
example: The meta-semiotic process: I see a cloud in the sky. Since I’m an EMMO ontologist, I create an individual named Cloud under the ‘Perceptual’ class, meaning that I recognize the cloud as an object thanks to a specific perceptual channel (e.g. through my eyes). This semiotic process occurs at meta-level: it’s how I use the EMMO as tool for a direct representation of the world, understandable by others ontologists.
The semiotic process within EMMO: My friend looks at the same cloud and says: “It is an elephant”. I use the EMMO to record this experience by declaring: - my friend as MyFriend individual, belonging to ‘Interpreter’ classes - the sound of the word “elephant” as an acoustical perception individual named ElephantWord, belonging to ‘Perceptual’ - a relation hasSign between Cloud and ElephantWord, that makes ElephantWord also belonging to ‘Sign’ class and Cloud belonging also to ‘Object’ class - a ‘Semiosis’ individual called MyFriendElephantCloud that hasParticipant: Cloud, ElephantWord and MyFriend, respectively as object, sign and interpreter.
So, the Perceptual class is here to categorized real-world objects at meta-level using common perceptual channels, for practical ontology usage.
We could have represented the word “elephant” within a physicalistic approach, by identifying it as a pressure wave in the air.
prefLabel: Perceptual
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_e1021593_06da_4237_8a02_29d8f6fef76d
prefLabel: Olfactory
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_4b3afb22_27cf_4ce3_88bc_492bfccb546b
elucidation: A ‘Perceptual’ which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer as a sound.
example: When we use the term ‘sound’ what are we referring to? The EMMO identifis a sound as the physical object that can be heard by the observer (more exactly, by the sensor of the observer).
In this sense, a sound (which is an acoustical object) is to be identified as the air region that manifests the sound wave and is able to be perceived by an observer. In case the wave is travelling through water or steel, then these other media regions are the sounds.
If the waveform is travelling through a cable as electronic signal (analog or digital) it is no more a sound, since it cannot be perceived by an observer as an acoustical object. This electrical waveform (or digital packet) is another physical that may stand for a sound if interpreted by a device (e.g. an amplifier, a DA converter).
altLabel: Sound
prefLabel: Auditory
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_dd14d055_2db0_4b81_bc97_ef6c2f72b8a0
prefLabel: Gustatory
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_ccdc1a41_6e96_416b_92ec_efe67917434a
elucidation: An heterogenous object made of different graphical object parts.
prefLabel: Document
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_a466b60b_d973_4b8f_897f_d0b837a59df3
elucidation: A graphical representation of a molecular structure showing the relative position in space of the atomic constituents and their bonds.
prefLabel: StructuralFormula
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_ecc4efe9_77a2_47e3_8190_f9a883d54ac6
elucidation: A representation of objects belonging to the chemistry field.
prefLabel: ChemicalRepresentation
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_eb7de1a1_c30e_4f0d_94c6_fe70414d7e61
elucidation: A graphical object aimed to represent schematically the conceptual, tempral or spatial structure of another object.
prefLabel: Representation
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_c74da218_9147_4f03_92d1_8894abca55f3
elucidation: A ‘Perceptual’ which stands for a real world object whose spatial configuration is due to an explicit graphical procedure and shows an identifiable pattern.
example: ‘Graphical’ objects include writings, pictures, sketches …
prefLabel: Graphical
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_1da53c06_9577_4008_8652_272fa3b62be7
elucidation: A ‘Graphical’ that stands for a real world object that shows a recognizable pictorial pattern without being necessarily associated to a symbolic language.
example: A drawing of a cat. A circle on a paper sheet. The Mona Lisa.
prefLabel: Pictorial
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_25f5ca8e_8f7f_44d8_a392_bd3fe8894458
prefLabel: Plane
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_3e309118_e8b7_4021_80f4_642d2df65d94
prefLabel: Line
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_0ab0485c_9e5b_4257_a679_90a2dfba5c7c
altLabel: 0-manifold
prefLabel: ZeroManifold
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_86060335_31c2_4820_b433_27c64aea0366
prefLabel: Torus
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b5957cef_a287_442d_a3ce_fd39f20ba1cd
elucidation: A ‘graphical’ aimed to represent a geometrical concept.
example: A geometrical object can be expressed in many different forms.
For example, a line can be expressed by: a) an equation like y=mx+q, which is both an ‘equation’ and a ‘geometrical’ b) a line drawn with a pencil on a paper, which is simply a ‘graphical’ object c) a set of axioms, when the properties of a line are inferred by the interpreter reading them, that are both ‘graphical’ and also ‘formula’
The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, while c) is geometrical and a composition of idiomatic strings.
prefLabel: Geometrical
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_0ef4ff4a_5458_4f2a_b51f_4689d472a3f2
prefLabel: Curve
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_9268958f_7f54_48ab_a693_febe2645892b
altLabel: 2-manifold
prefLabel: TwoManifold
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_0c576e13_4ee7_4f3d_bfe9_1614243df018
altLabel: 1-manifold
prefLabel: OneManifold
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_39362460_2a97_4367_8f93_0418c2ac9a08
prefLabel: Point
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_5f278af9_8593_4e27_a717_ccc9e07a0ddf
prefLabel: EuclideanSpace
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_46f0f8df_4dc6_418f_8036_10427a3a288e
altLabel: 3-manifold
prefLabel: ThreeManifold
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d7bf784a_db94_4dd9_861c_54f262846fbf
prefLabel: Sphere
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b2a234a8_579a_422c_9305_b8f7e72c76cd
prefLabel: Circle
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d357e0dd_3497_4590_af6f_7954db7fecf7
prefLabel: ChemicalSymbol
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_abf7efbe_6b04_41b8_8326_4dd0f6be753e
elucidation: A language object that follows the syntactic rules used in the chemical field.
prefLabel: Chemical
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_bd8db028_aec2_4a44_ad93_1a9f8270f72c
prefLabel: ChemicalSymbolicConstruct
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_643d99dd_fae6_4121_a76f_47f486a4480b
elucidation: A language object following a specific nomenclature rules for defining univocal names of chemical compounds.
prefLabel: ChemicalNomenclature
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_cbcf8fe6_6da6_49e0_ab4d_00f737ea9689
elucidation: Specific form of an element defined as to isotopic composition, electronic or oxidation state, and/or complex or molecular structure.
Chemical species is the macroscopic equivalent of molecular entity and refers to sets or ensembles of molecular entities.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.CT06859
prefLabel: ChemicalSpecies
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_91a0635a_a89a_46de_8928_04a777d145c7
prefLabel: IUPACNomencalture
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d2a47cd8_662f_438f_855a_b4378eb992ff
elucidation: Chemical Abstact Service registry number for a chemical substance from the American Chemical Society
example: Water is 7732-18-5
prefLabel: CASRN
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_16a3bd5c_75f0_42b3_b000_cb0d018f840e
prefLabel: IUPACName
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d74ed682_894f_46c5_87cb_167f60926965
elucidation: The International Chemical Identifier (InChI) textual identifier proposed by IUPAC to provide a standard encoding for databases of molecular information.
prefLabel: InChI
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_26586828_3b8c_4d8b_9c6c_0bc2502f26ae
prefLabel: ChemicalName
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_0eabfde6_c6c5_4b1f_bf10_e4e0e06e9b2e
prefLabel: TotalComposition
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_7efd64d1_05a1_49cd_a7f0_783ca050d4f3
elucidation: A language construct that provides information about the consitutents of a substance and their fractions or amounts.
prefLabel: ChemicalComposition
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_172e2c96_180b_40f8_a3e7_b624471f40c2
prefLabel: SingleComponentComposition
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_90963312_d9a9_4474_8d10_835aef5b168e
prefLabel: PartialComposition
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_4208f937_8bad_47cf_af46_4ada75e63adb
elucidation: An expression that provides information about the element types that constiture a molecule or a molecular substance and their number.
example: Hydrogen peroxide is H2O2
prefLabel: MolecularFormula
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_bf836c2b_7800_474d_b674_f5d629fa0bb1
example: An expression that provides information about the element types that constiture a molecule or a molecular substance and their number, together with simple information about the connectivity of its groups by using parenthesis or by goruping element names according to its molecular structure.
prefLabel: CondensedFormula
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_6afdb7e8_2a0b_444d_bde3_8d67d98180c0
elucidation: An expression that provide information about the element type of a compound and their relative ratio.
example: Hydrogen peroxide is HO
prefLabel: EmpiricalFormula
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_9236d0aa_cb39_43a1_bbdd_6a2a714951c8
elucidation: A symbolic construct that provides informations about the chemical proportions of the elements that constitute a chemical compound or a specific molecule.
prefLabel: ChemicalFormula
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_f9bc8b52_85e9_4b53_b969_dd7724d5b8e4
elucidation: A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules.
prefLabel: Expression
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_0b6ebe5a_0026_4bef_a1c1_5be00df9f98e
elucidation: A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions.
example: f(x) > 0
prefLabel: Inequality
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_84cadc45_6758_46f2_ba2a_5ead65c70213
elucidation: A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms.
prefLabel: AtomisticModel
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_d1d436e7_72fc_49cd_863b_7bfb4ba5276a
example: Viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation
prefLabel: Parameter
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_f8bd64d5_5d3e_4ad4_a46e_c30714fecb7f
elucidation: An integer number.
prefLabel: Integer
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_6eca09be_17e9_445e_abc9_000aa61b7a11
elucidation: A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons.
example: Density functional theory. Hartree-Fock.
prefLabel: ElectronicModel
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_18d180e4_5e3e_42f7_820c_e08951223486
elucidation: A real number.
prefLabel: Real
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_8c64fcfa_23aa_45f8_9e58_bdfd065fab8f
elucidation: A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown.
prefLabel: Constant
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_9e029526_79a2_47a8_a151_dd0545db471b
elucidation: A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers.
prefLabel: NumericalVariable
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_4ce76d7f_03f8_45b6_9003_90052a79bfaa
elucidation: A ‘Mathematical’ that has no unknown value, i.e. all its ’Variable“-s parts refers to a ‘Number’ (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another ‘Numerical’ (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations).
prefLabel: Numerical
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_88470739_03d3_4c47_a03e_b30a1288d50c
elucidation: A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y.
prefLabel: MathematicalFormula
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_06658d8d_dcde_4fc9_aae1_17f71c0bcdec
elucidation: 1-dimensional array who’s spatial direct parts are numbers.
altLabel: 1DArray
altLabel: LinearArray
prefLabel: Vector
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_20ff3b34_c864_4936_8955_9345fc0a3b3c
elucidation: 3-dimensional array who’s spatial direct parts are matrices.
altLabel: 3DArray
prefLabel: Array3D
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_1aed91a3_d00c_48af_8f43_a0c958b2512a
example: 2x+3
prefLabel: AlgebricExpression
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0
elucidation: The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules.
prefLabel: Mathematical
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_1cba0b27_15d0_4326_933f_379d0b3565b6
elucidation: 2-dimensional array who’s spatial direct parts are vectors.
altLabel: 2DArray
prefLabel: Matrix
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_91447ec0_fb55_49f2_85a5_3172dff6482c
example: 2 * x^2 + x + 3
prefLabel: Polynomial
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_89083bab_f69c_4d06_bf6d_62973b56cdc7
example: 2+2
prefLabel: ArithmeticExpression
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_27c5d8c6_8af7_4d63_beb1_ec37cd8b3fa3
elucidation: An ‘equation’ that stands for a ‘physical_law’ by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities.
example: The Newton’s equation of motion. The Schrödinger equation. The Navier-Stokes equation.
prefLabel: PhysicsEquation
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_90f18cf0_1225_4c64_b5f8_f65cd7f992c5
elucidation: A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations.
prefLabel: MaterialsModel
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_6e0664f2_4d4d_4407_bf60_e1b3c07198d7
elucidation: A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object.
example: A parabolic function is a prediction of the trajectory of a falling object in a gravitational field. While it has predictive capabilities it lacks of an analogical character, since it does not show the law behind that trajectory.
prefLabel: PhysicsEquationSolution
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_b29fd350_39aa_4af7_9459_3faa0544cba6
elucidation: A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity.
prefLabel: PhysicsBasedModel
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_4456a5d2_16a6_4ee1_9a8e_5c75956b28ea
elucidation: A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume.
prefLabel: ContinuumModel
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_ae15fb4f_8e4d_41de_a0f9_3997f89ba6a2
elucidation: A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number).
example: π refers to the constant number ~3.14
prefLabel: KnownConstant
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_21f56795_ee72_4858_b571_11cfaa59c1a8
elucidation: A numerical data value.
altLabel: Numeral
prefLabel: Number
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_54dc83cb_06e1_4739_9e45_bc09cead7f48
elucidation: A boolean number.
prefLabel: Boolean
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_53935db0_af45_4426_b9e9_244a0d77db00
elucidation: A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle.
prefLabel: MesoscopicModel
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_1eed0732_e3f1_4b2c_a9c4_b4e75eeb5895
elucidation: A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set.
example: x k
prefLabel: Variable
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_fe7e56ce_118b_4243_9aad_20eb9f4f31f6
elucidation: The dependent variable for which an equation has been written.
example: Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation.
prefLabel: Unknown
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_2ff07b07_c447_490f_903a_f6a72a12d7bf
elucidation: A real vector with 3 elements.
example: The quantity value of physical quantities if real space is a Shape3Vector.
prefLabel: Shape3Vector
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_ffe760a2_9d1f_4aef_8bee_1f450f9cb00d
prefLabel: MathematicalConstruct
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_28fbea28_2204_4613_87ff_6d877b855fcd
elucidation: Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who’s elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays.
example: A Vector is a 1-dimensional Array with Number as spatial direct parts, a Matrix is a 2-dimensional Array with Vector as spatial direct parts, an Array3D is a 3-dimensional Array with Matrix as spatial direct parts, and so forth…
prefLabel: Array
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_24b30ba4_90f4_423d_93d2_fd0fde349087
elucidation: A real matrix with shape 4x3.
prefLabel: Shape4x3Matrix
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_e5438930_04e7_4d42_ade5_3700d4a52ab7
elucidation: An ‘equation’ that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a ‘physics_quantity’ (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables).
example: The Lennard-Jones potential. A force field. An Hamiltonian.
prefLabel: MaterialRelation
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_4bc29b0f_8fcc_4026_a291_f9774a66d9b8
elucidation: A function defined using functional notation.
example: y = f(x)
altLabel: FunctionDefinition
prefLabel: MathematicalFunction
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_27c5d8c6_8af7_4d63_beb1_ec37cd8b3fa3
elucidation: An ‘equation’ that stands for a ‘physical_law’ by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities.
example: The Newton’s equation of motion. The Schrödinger equation. The Navier-Stokes equation.
prefLabel: PhysicsEquation
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_a6138ba7_e365_4f2d_b6b4_fe5a5918d403
example: 1 + 1 = 2
prefLabel: ArithmeticEquation
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_98d65021_4574_4890_b2fb_46430841077f
example: 2 * a - b = c
prefLabel: AlgebricEquation
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_e56ee3eb_7609_4ae1_8bed_51974f0960a6
elucidation: The class of ‘mathematical’-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions.
example: 2+3 = 5 x^2 +3x = 5x dv/dt = a sin(x) = y
prefLabel: Equation
Subclass of:
IRI: http://emmo.info/emmo#EMMO_29afdf54_90ae_4c98_8845_fa9ea3f143a8
elucidation: An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities.
example: The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt.
The definition of density as mass/volume.
y = f(x)
prefLabel: DefiningEquation
Subclass of: