Domain Electrochemistry Terms

Electrochemistry Domain Ontology (ECHO)

This reference module contains the core terms for the electrochmistry domain.

Electrochemistry Reference

This reference module contains the core terms for the electrochmistry domain.

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AcidicElectrolyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_6592d8cc_4ce4_42ca_b010_6bfc4a8444d2

altLabel	AcidicAqueousElectrolyte; AcidicSolution
elucidation	an aqueous electrolyte with a nominal pH values less than 7
subclassOf	AqueousElectrolyte
subclasses	PhosphoricAcidSolution, SulfuricAcidSolution

Note

typical alkaline electrolytes have a pH in the range 0 < x < 4

Example

HCl-H2O

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ActiveElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9a823d64_9d10_4a29_9cbd_9bbdad7985bc

altLabel	NonInertElectrode; ReactiveElectrode
elucidation	an electrode which is chemically altered by the electrode reaction
restrictions	hasConstituent some ChemicalSubstance
subclassOf	Electrode
subclasses	BlendedActiveElectrode, MetalElectrode, AluminiumBasedElectrode, ManganeseBasedElectrode, MetalOxideElectrode, HardCarbonElectrode, IronBasedElectrode, IronPhosphateBasedElectrode, SulfurBasedElectrode, NickelBasedElectrode, ManganesePhosphateBasedElectrode, CobaltBasedElectrode, RhodiumBasedElectrode, PotassiumBasedElectrode, ChromiumBasedElectrode, StrontiumBasedElectrode, TitaniumBasedElectrode, TungstenBasedElectrode, BismuthBasedElectrode, CopperBasedElectrode, TitaniumBasedElectrode, GraphiteElectrode, LeadBasedElectrode, InsertionElectrode, LithiumBasedElectrode, CalciumBasedElectrode, RutheniumBasedElectrode, IndiumBasedElectrode, GoldBasedElectrode, ZincBasedElectrode, IronDisulfideElectrode, IronBasedElectrode, PlatinumBasedElectrode, VanadiumBasedElectrode, SodiumBasedElectrode, SilverBasedElectrode, SiliconBasedElectrode, MagnesiumBasedElectrode, PalladiumBasedElectrode, CaesiumBasedElectrode, CadmiumBasedElectrode, CobaltBasedElectrode, TinBasedElectrode, CarbonMonofluorideElectrode, IridiumBasedElectrode

Note

the opposite of an inert electrode

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ActiveMaterial

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_79d1b273_58cd_4be6_a250_434817f7c261

altLabel	ActiveElectrochemicalMaterial; ElectrochemicallyActiveMaterial
elucidation	material that is oxidized or reduced at an electrode in an electrochemical cell
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-03-14; https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-33
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120907375
restrictions	hasProperty some SpecificCapacity
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalComponent, ElectrochemicalMaterial

Example

lithium iron phosphate

Example

zinc

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ActiveMaterialMix

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_81833d8a_b03d_4250_be84_6385415beb01

elucidation	blend containing a material which reacts chemically to produce electrical energy with other constituents and additives
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-34
restrictions	hasConstituent some ActiveMaterial
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalComponent

---

Additive

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0a399f3f_b873_41f5_be1f_9b6df75cc30a

elucidation	a substance added to something in small quantities to alter its properties
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q350176
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalComponent
subclasses	ConductiveAdditive, ElectrolyteAdditive

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AirElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_8b40856f_1ca2_4137_9616_7fb624671909

elucidation	a gas diffusion electrode in which the gas is air
restrictions	hasConstituent some Electrocatalyst
subclassOf	GasDiffusionElectrode

Note

The reaction occuring in an air electrode is typically the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).

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AlkalineElectrolyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_615cff2a_be95_4e65_9471_98db23f4c878

altLabel	AlkalineAqueousElectrolyte; AlkalineSolution
elucidation	an aqueous electrolyte with a nominal pH greater than 7
subclassOf	AqueousElectrolyte
subclasses	PotassiumHydroxideSolution, LithiumHydroxideSolution, AmmoniaSolution, SodiumHydroxideSolution

Note

typical alkaline electrolytes have a pH in the range 13 < x < 15

Example

KOH-H2O

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AluminiumBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_952c8c3a_df21_4dd1_8d8c_380e43dc8c78

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of aluminium or aluminium compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode

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AluminiumInsertionElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1c6cef85_811f_45d0_a0fd_2bc2d9369ea4

elucidation	an insertion electrode in which the guest molecule is aluminium
subclassOf	InsertionElectrode

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AmmoniaSolution

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f9e2e676_5cd1_4e22_a776_af45838d4027

altLabel	AqueousAmmoniaSolution
elucidation	a solution of ammonia (NH3) dissolved in water (H2O)
subclassOf	AlkalineElectrolyte

Note

the solution can also be made by dissolving ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) in water

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AmmoniumChlorideSolution

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_3f67016b_32b9_4419_a3f8_a5ffb5e92538

altLabel	AqueousAmmoniumChlorideSolution
elucidation	a solution of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) dissolved in water (H2O)
subclassOf	NearNeutralElectrolyte

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AnnularWorkingElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_3a77b5e7_9646_4154_bf8f_5f798989e5f3

altLabel	RingElectrode
elucidation	a working electrode in the shape of a ring used in a rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE).
subclassOf	WorkingElectrode

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Anode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b6319c74_d2ce_48c0_a75a_63156776b302

elucidation	by convention, cell electrode at which an oxidation reaction occurs
etymology	From Greek anodos (‘way up’). Chosen to denote the electrode associated with the ‘upward’ path of current by convention; later anchored by usage to the site of oxidation.Coined by Michael Faraday with guidance from William Whewell and Whitlock Nicholl.
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00370
dbpediaReference	https://dbpedia.org/page/Anode
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anode
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-27
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181232
subclassOf	Electrode

Note

The anode is the negative electrode during discharge and the positive electrode during charge.

Warning

The term "anode" is often used interchangably with "negative electrode" even though it only applies while the cell is being discharged. When the cell is being charged the positive electrode becomes the anode.

Important

IEC and IUPAC recommend defining anode/cathode by oxidation/reduction rather than by polarity or charge sign.

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AnodicPolarisation

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_28213033_4c74_441c_81c4_a0cad05f9eb6

altLabel	AnodicPolarization
elucidation	electrode polarization associated with an anodic reaction
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-02-17
subclassOf	ElectrodePolarisation

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AnodicReaction

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a0580fa9_5073_44af_b33e_7adbc83892d0

altLabel	Electrooxidation; ElectrooxidationReaction
elucidation	electrode reaction in which oxidation occurs at the anode
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-02-09
subclassOf	ElectrodeReaction, Oxidation
subclasses	Electrodissolution

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Anolyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_865a40fc_2187_4549_a7e1_37aa2458448f

elucidation	electrolyte on the anode side of an electrochemical cell that is divided into compartments
etymology	From Greek anodos ('way up') + lytēs (, ‘looser’)
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-03-19
subclassOf	Electrolyte

Note

Electrolyte solution in the anodic compartment of an electrolysis cell or galvanic cell, i.e., in that part of the cell where the anode is placed.

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AnolyteTank

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_38755e67_9d3b_4a82_bd8d_ef40a70379c1

elucidation	a tank for holding anolyte
subclassOf	Component

Note

usually used in a flow cell system

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AqueousElectrolyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b812e9d0_7c58_4455_b3e7_6847f10c8e8a

altLabel	AqueousElectrolyticSolution
elucidation	an ion-transport medium, which may be immobilized, in which water is the solvent.
dbpediaReference	https://dbpedia.org/page/Aqueous_solution
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906632
subclassOf	AqueousSolution, ElectrolyteSolution
subclasses	AlkalineElectrolyte, AcidicElectrolyte, NearNeutralElectrolyte

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AsymmetricMembrane

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b2d11f0d_c1b0_4476_8d17_03b73d31e01f

elucidation	membrane constituted of two or more structural planes of non-identical morphologies
iupacReference	https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.AT06862
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120965018
subclassOf	Separator
subclasses	BilayerMembrane

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BellevilleWasher

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_98d5101e_cd11_4a0d_b856_6fcd8aad132e

elucidation	a type of spring, in the form of a conical washer
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3056595
subclassOf	Spring

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BilayerMembrane

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f1c7eacb_9f21_4100_925c_3974f266e06f

elucidation	an asymmetric membrane composed of two layers, typically with different chemical properties or functional roles
subclassOf	AsymmetricMembrane

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BimetallicElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_86be0987_5e21_43ec_b975_8f679999d328

elucidation	electrode containing two different metals (e.g. platinum and ruthenium) on its surface (e.g. to modify its electrocatalytic properties)
subclassOf	BlendedActiveElectrode, MetalElectrode

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BimetallicOxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4839708a_3864_47eb_b719_373ff8874c61

elucidation	an electrode consisting of two metal oxide active materials
subclassOf	BlendedActiveElectrode, MetalOxideElectrode
subclasses	LithiumNickelMananeseCobaltOxideLithiumManganeseOxideElectrode, LithiumManganeseOxideLithiumIronPhosphateElectrode, IndiumTinOxideElectrode, LithiumNickelManganeseOxideLithiumIronPhosphateElectrode, LithiumNickelManganeseCobaltOxideLithiumCobaltOxideElectrode

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BinaryElectrolyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4e02d727_07fe_41fd_886c_041317342086

elucidation	an electrolyte consisting of anions and cations with equal absolute charge numbers.
subclassOf	Electrolyte

Example

KCl (1:1), MgSO4 (2:2)

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Binder

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_68eb5e35_5bd8_47b1_9b7f_f67224fa291e

altLabel	ElectrodeBinder
elucidation	material or substance that holds or draws other materials together to form a cohesive whole
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binder_(material)
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863583
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalComponent

Example

CMC, PVDF

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BismuthBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_eb09ca25_90c9_4b55_9165_76fbf7fb5a46

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of bismuth or bismuth compounds.
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode

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BlendedActiveElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_5186239a_2af7_4dbf_92ca_22e8e583c528

elucidation	an active electrode with a blend of two or more active materials
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode
subclasses	BimetallicElectrode, BimetallicOxideElectrode, SiliconOxideGraphiteElectrode, SiliconGraphiteElectrode

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BockrisDevanathanMuellerModel

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4bdd6359_1422_4c50_ac0c_5d8042dd65fc

altLabel	BDM
elucidation	a model for the double layer that includes the action of the solvent on the surface
subclassOf	DoubleLayerModel

Note

proposed by John Bockris, M. A. V. Devanathan, and Klaus Mueller in 1963

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ButlerVolmerEquation

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d48ea516_5cac_4f86_bc88_21b6276c0938

altLabel	ButlerVolmerApproximation; ErdeyGruzVolmerEquation
elucidation	a phenomenological model for electrode kinetics, describing the relation between the electrode current from an electrochemical charge-transfer reaction and the surface overpotential of the electrode
dbpediaReference	https://dbpedia.org/page/Butler%E2%80%93Volmer_equation
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butler%E2%80%93Volmer_equation
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903846
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalRelation

Note

i = i0 * (exp(alpha*n*F*eta/(R*T)) – exp(-(1-alpha)*n*F*eta/(R*T)))

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CadmiumBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_dd4c5ffa_6228_41d8_8a44_a40a2b22723e

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of cadmium or cadmium compounds.
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode

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CaesiumBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_7cc8b738_3462_4592_ba83_951a8d50fef7

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of caesium or caesium compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode

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CalciumBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4f2348dd_d9ea_4448_af8c_a4a38f3d04b4

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of calcium or calcium compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode

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CalciumInsertionElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_90103be0_9096_4f98_89c7_b5db01197858

elucidation	an insertion electrode in which the guest molecule is calcium
subclassOf	InsertionElectrode

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CapacityFade

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e3d3d21c_cb9a_498c_bdb0_63c964f0d3c6

altLabel	CapacityLoss
elucidation	a degradation phenomena in electrochemical devices in which the practicaclly achieveable capacity of the cell is less than the measured capacity at the beginning of life.
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacity_loss
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16851742
restrictions	hasParticipant some ElectrochemicalDevice
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalDegradationPhenomenon
subclasses	SelfDischarging

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CarbonBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f2c33088_224f_4fdb_857a_7cb62e3dddca

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of carbon or carbon compounds
subclassOf	Electrode
subclasses	HardCarbonElectrode, GraphiteElectrode, CarbonMonofluorideElectrode

Note

often represented in IEC cell designations by the letter I

Note

this class is intended to enable designations based on IEC recommendations

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CarbonCloth

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_85c4b478_645a_459e_8431_5a9d864ca02e

elucidation	a woven fabric made from carbon fibers, offering flexibility, high electrical conductivity, and durability, commonly used in high-performance fuel cells
subclassOf	ManufacturedMaterial

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CarbonFelt

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1c530688_ee63_4683_b38f_80cce7ca75c1

elucidation	a non-woven mat of randomly oriented carbon fibers, providing excellent thermal insulation, chemical resistance, and high surface area for various industrial and electrochemical applications
subclassOf	ManufacturedMaterial

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CarbonInkElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ec6f3d6f_bdf5_418f_9314_3ef2ff528103

elucidation	development of a carbon paste electrode that is screen printed using a carbon/polymer mixture of suitable composition
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120907443
subclassOf	CarbonPasteElectrode

Note

These electrodes can easily be chemically modified by the incorporation of reagents (electrocatalysts, redox mediators, complexation agents, enzymes, etc.) and by the attachment of micro- or nanoparticles to prepare electrochemical sensors for analytical applications.

Note

Typical composition of a carbon ink expressed as mass fractions is graphite powder 60 % and polystyrene 40 %.

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CarbonMonofluorideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_5c0fdc09_166e_40a6_ad74_be66f0db51bc

elucidation	electrode in which the active material is carbon monofluoride
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some CarbonMonofluoride
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode, CarbonBasedElectrode

Note

the combination with lithium metal and an organic electrolyte is designated using IEC electrochemical system letter code B

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CarbonPaper

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_cd615729_8240_487a_a619_cc94656731f2

elucidation	a thin, flat material composed of compressed carbon fibers, used in fuel cells and other electrochemical devices for its high electrical conductivity and gas permeability
subclassOf	ManufacturedMaterial

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CarbonPasteElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b0a0dddb_d942_4af2_b6a7_d7165f4253f1

altLabel	CPE
elucidation	Electrode of a composite of carbon powder and a pasting liquid (including mineral oil, Nujol, bromoform, bromonaphthalene).
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_paste_electrode
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5037987
subclassOf	InertElectrode
subclasses	CarbonInkElectrode

Note

The CPE was first described by Adams in 1958. A CPE is typically housed in a Teflon holder, contacted by a conductive wire (occasionally a piston is used to renew the surface by extrusion of the used paste). Problems are long-term stability of the paste and that the binder can influence its properties.

Note

These electrodes can easily be chemically modified by the incorporation of reagents (electrocatalysts, redox mediators, complexation agents, enzymes, etc.) and by the attachment of micro- or nanoparticles to prepare electrochemical sensors for analytical applications.

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CardonDioxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_573be62a_5aae_4984_9a51_7c50845493df

elucidation	a gas diffusion electrode in which the active material is carbon dioxide (CO2)
subclassOf	GasDiffusionElectrode

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Case

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1aec4cc0_82d5_4042_a657_ed7fe291c3d8

altLabel	Can; Container; Housing
elucidation	container for the plate pack or packs and electrolyte of a cell or cells made of a material impervious to the electrolyte
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-14
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalComponent
subclasses	PrismaticCase, RoundCase, PouchCase, SwagelokCase

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Catalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_8ab1e656_38ff_48e6_ab09_293d76bc9044

elucidation	substance that increases chemical reaction speed, and which is conserved after the reaction
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12385831
subclassOf	Agent
subclasses	Electrocatalyst

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Cathode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_35c650ab_3b23_4938_b312_1b0dede2e6d5

elucidation	by convention, cell electrode at which, a reduction reaction occurs
etymology	From Greek kathodos (‘way down’). Intended to name the electrode on the ‘downward’ path of current by convention; in modern usage the site of reduction. Coined by Michael Faraday with support from William Whewell and Whitlock Nicholl.
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/C00905
dbpediaReference	https://dbpedia.org/page/Cathode
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=151-13-03; https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-28
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175233
subclassOf	Electrode

Note

The cathode is the positive electrode during discharge and the negative electrode during charge.

Warning

The term "cathode" is often used interchangably with "positive electrode" even though it only applies while the cell is being discharged. When the cell is being charged the negative electrode becomes the cathode.

Important

IEC and IUPAC recommend defining anode/cathode by oxidation/reduction rather than by polarity or charge sign.

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CathodeElectrolyteInterphase

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f8e0d532_cf44_403c_9188_e00ee161a3c1

elucidation	a type of solid electrolyte interface that forms on the surface of the electrode designated as the "cathode" or positive electrode
subclassOf	SolidElectrolyteInterphase

Note

used to distinguish the interphase on the cathode surface from that on the anode, which is typically called the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI)

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CathodicPolarisation

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_187326b9_1089_4122_8e7e_1a0bcba210a1

altLabel	CathodicPolarization
elucidation	electrode polarization associated with a cathodic reaction
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-02-18
subclassOf	ElectrodePolarisation

---

CathodicProtection

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c936bfbe_7a0c_4185_a317_db1ce2c3c38c

elucidation	electrochemical immunity produced by an appropriate cathodic polarization.
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathodic_protection
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-05
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15152527
subclassOf	IntentionalAgency, ElectrochemicalImmunity

---

CathodicReaction

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f4a1323a_ce2b_4c1a_b89d_c80170110ed6

altLabel	Electroreduction; ElectroreductionReaction
elucidation	electrode reaction in which reduction occurs at the cathode
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-02-10; https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-12
subclassOf	Reduction, ElectrodeReaction
subclasses	Electrodeposition

Note

electrode reaction involving an electrochemical reduction

Note

electrode reaction, where the energy of electrons in the working electrode is higher than the LUMO orbital of the substrate

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Catholyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_15b852b5_19cc_49ab_849f_7df6175fb2be

elucidation	electrolyte on the cathode side of an electrochemical cell that is divided into compartments.
etymology	From Greek kathodos ('way down') + lytēs (, ‘looser’)
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-03-18
subclassOf	Electrolyte

Note

Electrolyte solution in the cathodic compartment of an electrolysis cell or galvanic cell, i.e., in that part of the cell where the cathode is placed.

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CatholyteTank

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9b6853e7_3412_463d_b5a9_82c14acebf7d

elucidation	a tank for holding catholyte
subclassOf	Component

Note

usually used in a flow cell system

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CellBaffle

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_328c6e36_3706_4d92_abae_432fa3adb2a0

elucidation	internal component used to reduce the amount of electrolyte loss due to electrolyte spray being carried in the gas and/or by electrolyte movement
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-05-13
subclassOf	Component

Note

a cell baffle has a second function in protecting the plate pack from damage by objects inserted through the filling hole

---

CellCan

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4a5660bd_1c1a_40e5_8a41_463c720d3903

elucidation	cell container which is usually metallic and typically, but not exclusively, cylindrical
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-13
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalComponent

---

CellLid

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1e33e37e_d7c9_4701_ba6d_a09456a13aaf

elucidation	part used to close the case normally having holes for filling, topping-up, gas escape, terminals, etc.
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-15
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalComponent

---

ChargeCarrier

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d1042a12_e4be_4992_86cb_59420ef4e05c

elucidation	a generic denomination of particles or quasiparticles responsible for electric charge transport.
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_carrier
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865807; https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865807
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalComponent

Example

electron, hole, ion

---

ChemicalReaction

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_8a1c9a7b_978c_4421_a9c1_d0b07b42aab9

elucidation	a process that results in the interconversion of chemical species
iupacReference	https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01033
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reaction
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36534
restrictions	hasInput some ChemicalSpecies hasOutput some ChemicalSpecies
subclassOf	NaturalProcess
subclasses	Dissociation, RedoxReaction, Dissolution, SideReaction, GasEvolution

---

ChromiumBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_510e4061_c4fa_49aa_a052_23ad56098eda

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of chromium or chromium compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode

---

CoatedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_92147e31_d015_4889_a092_04fbab033f15

altLabel	Plate
elucidation	cell electrode consisting of a current collector and active material
illustration
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-02
restrictions	hasCoating some ElectrodeCoating hasCurrentCollector some CurrentCollector
subclassOf	Electrode
subclasses	PastedPlate, SingleCoatedElectrode, DoubleCoatedElectrode

---

Coating

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_09a7f560_9ddf_4c32_b067_b213eca5b0a1

elucidation	a covering on the surface of an object
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coating
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570182
restrictions	hasProperty some Porosity hasProperty some Thickness
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalComponent
subclasses	ElectrodeCoating

---

CobaltBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_838c115b_6bc9_4ce8_9f8d_86a6bf67742a

elucidation	an electrode which contains mostly materials based on cobalt
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode
subclasses	LithiumCobaltOxideElectrode, SodiumCobaltPhosphateElectrode, SodiumCobaltOxideElectrode

Note

often represented in IEC cell designations by the letter C

Note

this class is intended to enable designations based on IEC recommendations

---

CobaltBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_7b811780_7251_481b_a4d3_97d437955099

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of cobalt or cobalt compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode

---

Coin

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_2522cbd8_5382_457f_b9b5_775860f83357

elucidation	a form factor describing a coin cell, which is a cylindrical cell where the height is less than the diameter
subclassOf	FormFactor

---

CoinCase

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_3979cd56_6256_414d_966c_7f723bf71e37

altLabel	ButtonCase
elucidation	a round-type case with a height that is less than the diameter
subclassOf	RoundCase
subclasses	electrochemistry.R2032, electrochemistry.R11108, electrochemistry.R2025, electrochemistry.R1220, electrochemistry.R721, electrochemistry.R716, R754, electrochemistry.R512, electrochemistry.R2412, electrochemistry.R2050, electrochemistry.R1616, electrochemistry.R1121, electrochemistry.R932, electrochemistry.R712, electrochemistry.R9, R927, electrochemistry.R1632, electrochemistry.R1130, electrochemistry.R1136, electrochemistry.R516, electrochemistry.R936, electrochemistry.R2354, electrochemistry.R621, electrochemistry.R2020, electrochemistry.R1142, electrochemistry.R1216, electrochemistry.R736, electrochemistry.R2450, electrochemistry.R626, electrochemistry.R726, electrochemistry.R2016, electrochemistry.R2040, electrochemistry.R921, electrochemistry.R2430, electrochemistry.R521, electrochemistry.R616, electrochemistry.R1154, R2325, electrochemistry.R3032, electrochemistry.R626, electrochemistry.R1131, electrochemistry.R1126, electrochemistry.R2335, electrochemistry.R2320, electrochemistry.R1025, electrochemistry.R527, electrochemistry.R731, electrochemistry.R2012, electrochemistry.R916, electrochemistry.R1225, electrochemistry.R926, electrochemistry.R1511, R416, electrochemistry.R2330, electrochemistry.R2477

---

ConcentrationCell

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_8a5083b0_cd23_4f8c_99e8_b9ccd6f9f3a2

elucidation	electrochemical cell that has two half-cells separated by a wall permeable to ions, both containing the same electrolyte differing only in their ion concentrations
illustration
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration_cell
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-03-08
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903563
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalDevice

Note

a concentration cell produces a voltage as it attempts to reach equilibrium, which will occur when the concentration in both cells is equal.

---

ConductiveAdditive

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_82fef384_8eec_4765_b707_5397054df594

altLabel	ElectronicallyConductiveElectrodeAdditive
elucidation	a material added to an electrode for the purpose of increasing its electronic conductivity.
subclassOf	Additive

Example

carbon black

---

ConductivityCell

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b525a629_a679_464f_bc5b_b49d2fc82686

elucidation	a device used in electrochemistry to measure the resistance of a solution to determine its conductivity
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalDevice

Note

Formed, in theory, by two 1 cm2 reversible electrodes spaced 1 cm apart, providing a uniform distribution of electrical field. In practice, however, a number of other configurations are used.

---

Connector

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d8a78cd2_8107_46dd_a198_0b64676efc00

elucidation	conductor of electricity used for carrying current between components in an electric circuit
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-37
subclassOf	Component

Example

a connector electrically joins two cells, or a terminal of a cell to a terminal of the battery, or a terminal of the battery to an exterior circuit and also to auxiliary devices

---

CopperBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_26b19a7c_59ca_4e1b_8fb9_ba061c22531e

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of copper or copper compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode
subclasses	CopperOxideElectrode

---

CopperOxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a8edd38f_f8a5_41fb_9fc7_48f1866fd699

altLabel	CupricOxideElectrode
elucidation	electrode in which the active material is cupric oxide (copper (II) oxide)
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some CopperIIOxide
subclassOf	CopperBasedElectrode, MetalOxideElectrode

Note

the combination with lithium metal and an organic electrolyte is designated using IEC electrochemical system letter code G

---

CounterElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_871bc4a4_2d17_4b88_9b0f_7ab85f14afea

altLabel	AuxiliaryElectrode
elucidation	electrode whose function is to carry the electric current flowing through the electrical circuit of an electrochemical cell, the electrochemical processes on its surface not being of interest
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00535
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliary_electrode
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1768785
subclassOf	Electrode

Note

An auxiliary electrode is used in any three-electrode cell, together with a working electrode and reference electrode.

Note

An auxiliary electrode must not add an excessive potential burden to the cell. It is chosen for the efficiency of the electrochemical reaction and usually has a greater surface area than the working electrode.

---

CurrentCollector

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_212af058_3bbb_419f_a9c6_90ba9ebb3706

altLabel	ElectrodeCurrentCollector
elucidation	A good electron conductor support designed to transfer electrons from the external circuit to the active materials of the cell.
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=485-06-07
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120907411
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalComponent

Example

Copper foil, Aluminum foil

---

Cylindrical

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_780aeb7b_9eb2_4324_ba2d_1a874136b4e5

elucidation	a form factor describing a cylindrical cell, which has the shape of a cylinder nominally described by a height and diameter
subclassOf	FormFactor

---

CylindricalCase

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b1cf9fee_2164_4f95_8204_90f717373a8a

elucidation	a round-type case with a height that is greater than or equal to the diameter
subclassOf	RoundCase
subclasses	electrochemistry.R21700, electrochemistry.R32134, electrochemistry.R54137, electrochemistry.R46800, electrochemistry.R38138, electrochemistry.R26650, electrochemistry.R40108, electrochemistry.R38136, electrochemistry.R19660, electrochemistry.R32700, electrochemistry.R18650, electrochemistry.R26700, electrochemistry.R27660, electrochemistry.R40920, electrochemistry.R54215

---

Dendrite

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_34bc54e3_de4c_41f8_8d3a_d77c951ee23a

elucidation	needle-like or tree-like formation of crystalline growth formed during deposition of a material
iupacReference	https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01588
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrite_(crystal)
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-07
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190136
subclassOf	Role

---

DischargingCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e4d666ee_d637_45cd_a904_dc33941ead4f

elucidation	electric current delivered by a battery during its discharge
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-24
subclassOf	CellCurrent, ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

Dissociation

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b3b3868f_6edd_4ce8_a984_08f9cf391f90

elucidation	process where molecules split up into ions due to being dissolved
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociation_(chemistry)
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-08
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189673
subclassOf	ChemicalReaction

---

Dissolution

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_49263a32_eca6_4644_8144_0d3b14c26d0a

elucidation	mixing of a substance into another substance with formation of one new homogeneous substance
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-04
subclassOf	ChemicalReaction
subclasses	Electrodissolution, GasDissolution

Note

the result of the dissolution of one or more solutes into a solvent is a solution

---

DoubleCoatedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_56f85b19_1384_4e88_b130_cb8e7984db83

elucidation	an electrode that is coated on both sides of the current collector
illustration
subclassOf	CoatedElectrode

---

DoubleLayer

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_2b50cdac_581f_48b9_87ca_bad5138ab58d

altLabel	DL; EDL; ElectricalDoubleLayer
elucidation	a double layer of charges exists at the interface between two conducting media: One side carries a positive excess charge, which is balanced by a negative excess of equal magnitude on the other side.
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_layer_(surface_science)
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904857
subclassOf	InterfacialRegion

---

DoubleLayerModel

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ac9723d1_bac0_4109_874e_32849de9299b

altLabel	ElectricalDoubleLayerModel; ElectricalPolarizationLayerModel
elucidation	model representing the structure of an electrolyte at an electrode-electrolyte interface by a rigid layer formed by the charge carriers on the surface of the electrode and a diffuse layer formed by mobile ions in the electrolyte.
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_layer_(surface_science)
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-02-19
subclassOf	Icon
subclasses	GouyChapmanModel, GrahameModel, TrasattiBuzzancaModel, HelmholtzModel, SternModel, BockrisDevanathanMuellerModel

---

DroppingMercuryElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b76a778f_253f_4210_a67f_fb6444d0de26

altLabel	DME
elucidation	mercury electrode formed by sequence of mercury drops falling from a small aperture
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropping_mercury_electrode
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q962292
subclassOf	MercuryElectrode

Note

Other kinds of mercury drop electrodes are the static mercury drop electrode (SMDE), in which a drop is held at constant radius before being mechanically knocked off, and the hanging mercury drop elec- trode (HMDE), in which the whole experiment is performed on a single drop of mercury.

Note

The DME was introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). A drop is renewed every few seconds. Many metals amalgamate with mercury so that in the analysis of metal ions in aqueous solution the DME maintains a fresh surface throughout.

---

EdgeInsulator

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_bbc77932_643b_4603_a4e8_970ef06a76ad

elucidation	part which insures insulation between the plate (electrode) edges and adjacent plates (electrodes) and the container side walls
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-19
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalComponent

---

Electrocapillarity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_5cb5548f_f774_4668_ad02_f0742581f2f1

elucidation	change of the mechanical stress at the surface separating two bodies due to the presence of electric charges at the interface
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrocapillarity
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-02
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9252431
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalPhenomenon

---

Electrocatalysis

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4d6f7f50_b343_4bd6_8612_2b8521a99c9b

elucidation	increasing the rate of an electrode reaction by adding specific material to the electrode.
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-15
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q100318565
restrictions	hasParticipant some Electrocatalyst
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalPhenomenon

---

Electrocatalyst

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a3b53904_22b1_42a9_a515_c8a3aed7e841

elucidation	material that can cause electrocatalysis.
dbpediaReference	https://dbpedia.org/page/Electrocatalyst
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrocatalyst
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-16
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5357962
subclassOf	Catalyst

---

ElectrochemicalCell

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_6f2c88c9_5c04_4953_a298_032cc3ab9b77

elucidation	system containing two electrodes that allow transport of electrons, separated by an electrolyte that allows movement of ions but blocks movement of electrons
illustration
dbpediaReference	http://dbpedia.org:8891/page/Electrochemical_cell
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_cell
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-03-01
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80097
restrictions	hasElectrolyte some Substance hasElectrode some Electrode hasNegativeElectrode some Electrode hasReferenceElectrode some Electrode hasPositiveElectrode some Electrode hasWorkingElectrode some Electrode hasCounterElectrode some Electrode hasIECCode some type hasANSICode some type
subclassOf	HolisticArrangement
subclasses	GalvanicCell, ElectrolyticCell, ThreeElectrodeElectrochemicalCell

Note

composite system in which the supplied electric energy mainly produces chemical reactions or, conversely, in which the energy released by chemical reactions is mainly delivered by the system as electric energy

Note

It is important to distinguish between the conceptual electrochemical cell and the electrochemical device used in practice.

Tip

Model each electrode, electrolyte, and interface explicitly to represent charge transport correctly in simulations or ontological mappings.

Caution

Terminology varies across disciplines; in some contexts 'cell' may refer to the assembled device rather than the electrochemical unit of reaction.

Warning

Do not confuse the physical 'cell' with the manufactured 'device' that embeds it.

---

ElectrochemicalComponent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b5ea31c9_bb10_4276_980e_c3eceb1efc82

elucidation	A component in an electrochemical system.
subclassOf	Component
subclasses	EdgeInsulator, Electrode, Electrolyte, Coating, Additive, Binder, Case, Separator, CellLid, CellCan, ActiveMaterial, ChargeCarrier, Particle, SaltBridge, CurrentCollector, ActiveMaterialMix

---

ElectrochemicalDegradationPhenomenon

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0a0de817_addc_46a5_8ba2_255d48cdf366

elucidation	A phenomenon that causes an electrochemical device to deviate from its ideal behaviour.
restrictions	isParticipatedBy some ElectrochemicalDevice
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalPhenomenon
subclasses	CapacityFade, ParticleCracking

---

ElectrochemicalDevice

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0acd0fc2_1048_4604_8e90_bf4e84bd87df

elucidation	a device whose primary function is facilitating the conversion between chemical and electrical energy.
illustration
restrictions	hasConstituent some PositiveTerminal hasConstituent some NegativeTerminal hasProperty some SpecificEnergy hasProperty some MinimumStorageTemperature hasProperty some MaximumStorageTemperature hasProperty some MinimumDischargingTemperature hasProperty some MaximumChargingTemperature hasProperty some EnergyDensity hasProperty some NominalVoltage hasProperty some MinimumChargingTemperature hasProperty some MaximumDischargingTemperature hasElectrochemicalCell some ElectrochemicalCell hasElectrolyte some Electrolyte hasCase some Case hasNegativeElectrode some Electrode hasPositiveElectrode some Electrode hasSeparator some Separator
subclassOf	Device
subclasses	Supercapacitor, NonSpillableCell, ConcentrationCell, SealedCell, ElectrolyticCapacitor, VentedCell, FlowCell, FuelCell, HermeticallySealedCell, ThermogalvanicCell, ConductivityCell

Note

an electrochemical device contains at least one electrochemical cell plus the apparati required to make it work as a practical device (e.g. terminals, container, etc.)

Note

The term refers to the engineered assembly; it must not be conflated with the electrochemical cell itself.

Tip

When documenting a device, identify the number and arrangement of cells and the presence of auxiliary components such as separators, membranes, and power electronics.

Important

Electrochemical devices typically include safety and control subsystems that are not part of the electrochemical cell (e.g. pressure relief, BMS, valves, current collectors).

---

ElectrochemicalDoubleLayerCapacitor

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b91180e7_97ae_49e2_bf82_5bf720e7fa66

altLabel	DoubleLayerCapacitor; EDLC; ElectrochemicalCapacitor
elucidation	Device that stores electrical energy using a double layer in an electrochemical cell.
subclassOf	Supercapacitor

Note

stores energy electrostatically in the Helmholtz Layer

---

ElectrochemicalHalfCell

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9da958fc_f76d_4654_8a78_99b5f98c118c

altLabel	HalfCell
elucidation	a system comprising one electrode in contact with an ionic conductor.
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-cell
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903509
restrictions	hasProperty some StandardElectrodePotential hasElectrolyte some Substance hasElectrode some Electrode
subclassOf	HolisticArrangement

Note

Do not conflate a half-cell (a physical arrangement) with a half-reaction (a formal redox equation component).

Note

A half-cell becomes operational when paired with at least one other half-cell to form an electrochemical cell; the pair allows charge balance through ionic and electronic pathways.

Warning

Do not conflate an ElectrochemicalHalfCell (the combination of one electrode and one electrolyte) with a half-cell device, which is an experimental setup used to measure the properties of an electrode relative to a reference electrode.

Important

A single half-cell cannot sustain continuous current by itself; closed-circuit operation requires a counter half-cell and an external electronic path.

---

ElectrochemicalImmunity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4bc38e99_1978_4143_a766_fbb57f2cf46e

elucidation	situation in which a material in a given environment undergoes negligible electrochemical corrosion.
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-03
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalPhenomenon
subclasses	CathodicProtection

Example

cathodic protection

---

ElectrochemicalInterface

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_50044b99_b858_433b_a32d_23d1e1cf88b2

elucidation	the two-dimensional space comprising the boundary between two electrochemical constituents
subclassOf	Interface
subclasses	LiquidJunction, ElectrodeElectrolyteInterface

Note

The area where electrochemical reactions normally take place.

---

ElectrochemicalMaterial

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ebdb68e9_c4b5_4d57_a042_c0f51d446755

elucidation	a material that takes active part in an electrochemical reaction
subclassOf	ReactiveMaterial
subclasses	Electrolyte, ActiveMaterial

---

ElectrochemicalMethod

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f49b84d4_e1f9_424c_bb22_8cea23c0a7d4

elucidation	a method used in electrochemistry
subclassOf	IntentionalAgency

---

ElectrochemicalMigration

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_63ea1c9b_0bda_4a69_9745_efb08e6be685

elucidation	transport of ions in an electrolyte due to an electric field
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_migration
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-06
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30587730
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalPhenomenon

---

ElectrochemicalPhenomenon

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_19abaccd_43be_4048_965c_e4fb63c5951b

elucidation	a chemical phenomenon that is accompanied by the flow of electric current
subclassOf	NaturalProcess
subclasses	ElectrochemicalDegradationPhenomenon, ElectrochemicalMigration, ElectrolyteCreep, ElectrochemicalReaction, ElectrodePolarisation, Electrolysis, Electrocapillarity, Leakage, ThermalRunaway, InterphaseGrowth, Electrochemiluminescence, ElectrochemicalImmunity, ElectrodePassivation, Electroosmosis, Electrocatalysis, GassingOfACell

---

ElectrochemicalPseudocapacitor

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ca0527c1_f682_4eea_aca5_f3ae66a9ddce

elucidation	a type of supercapacitor that uses metal oxide or conducting polymer electrodes with a high amount of electrochemical pseudocapacitance additional to the double-layer capacitance
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudocapacitor
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7254569
subclassOf	Supercapacitor

Note

stores energy electrochemically via Faradaic mechanisms

---

ElectrochemicalReaction

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a6a69e90_06b5_45b1_83cf_7c0bf39b2914

altLabel	ChargeTransferReaction
elucidation	a chemical reaction in an electrolyte involving a transfer of electrons between chemical components or between chemical components and an electrode
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-02-01; https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-01
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120892494
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalPhenomenon, RedoxReaction
subclasses	ElectrodeReaction

Note

electrochemical reactions occur at electrochemical interfaces

Note

The electrode reaction can also involve other chemical reactions including subreactions on a cell electrode.

Note

any process either caused or accompanied by the passage of an electric current and involving in most cases the transfer of electrons between two substances

---

ElectrochemicalRelation

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_3d805c2a_4801_440e_9e4d_0fa5585c76ae

elucidation	A material relation in electrochemistry.
subclassOf	MaterialRelation
subclasses	ButlerVolmerEquation, NernstEquation, NernstEinsteinEquation

---

Electrochemiluminescence

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_96309fa9_e157_48fe_9fda_41003860a3c0

altLabel	ECL; ElectrogeneratedChemiluminescence
elucidation	chemiluminescence produced in electrode reactions
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemiluminescence
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-18
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755961
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalPhenomenon

---

Electrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0f007072_a8dd_4798_b865_1bf9363be627

elucidation	electronically conductive part in electric contact with a medium of lower electronic conductivity and intended to perform one or more of the functions of emitting charge carriers to or receiving charge carriers from that medium or to establish an electric field in that medium
etymology	From Greek elektron (‘amber, electricity’) + hodos (‘way’): ‘the way of electricity’. Proposed to replace vague ‘poles/plates’ with a neutral, process-descriptive term. Introduced by Michael Faraday, with support from William Whewell and Whitlock Nicholl.
dbpediaReference	https://dbpedia.org/page/Electrode
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrode
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-02-03; https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-21
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140
restrictions	contacts some Electrolyte hasConstituent some ElectrochemicalInterface hasProperty some Thickness hasProperty some Capacity hasProperty some StandardElectrodePotential hasBinder some Substance hasActiveMaterial some Substance
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalComponent
subclasses	ActiveElectrode, CarbonBasedElectrode, WorkingElectrode, CounterElectrode, CoatedElectrode, Cathode, InertElectrode, Anode, NegativeElectrode, RectangularElectrode, IndicatorElectrode, NonPolarizableElectrode, PositiveElectrode, RoundElectrode, PorousElectrode, PolarizableElectrode

Note

Alternative definition: Half-cell consisting of at least one electron conductor and at least one ionic conductor (electrolyte). - Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019)

Note

Electron conductor in an electrochemical cell connected to the external circuit.

Note

In some electroanalytical techniques (conductometry and differential potentiometry), two indicator electrodes are used. For many analytical measurements in cells with current flow, a three-electrode cell is used.

Note

Many types of electrodes are used. These may be classified into groups according to their composition, form and size, and according to their operating mode. See section 4.

Note

The current flow through electrochemical cells may be zero or non-zero. An electrochemical cell with current flow can operate either as a galvanic cell or an electrolytic cell.

---

ElectrodeCoating

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_403c300e_09b9_400b_943b_04e82a3cfb56

elucidation	a coating layer that is part of an electrode and contains one or more active chemical substances together with auxiliary components
restrictions	hasProperty some Porosity hasProperty some Thickness hasBinder some ChemicalSubstance hasAdditive some ChemicalSubstance hasActiveMaterial some ChemicalSubstance
subclassOf	Coating

Example

A LiFePO4 cathode coating comprising LFP powder (active), PVDF (binder), and carbon black (conductive additive)

---

ElectrodeElectrolyteInterface

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9c73aff8_1c82_4116_a6be_78e21982b69d

altLabel	ActiveSurfaceOfAnElectrode
elucidation	interface between an electrolyte and an electrode where an electrode reaction takes place.
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-02-05; https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-26
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalInterface

---

ElectrodePair

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d907805f_678b_4ab6_8b56_59631684f84b

altLabel	PlatePair
elucidation	assembly of one positive plate, one negative plate and the associated separator if any
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-09
subclassOf	Assembled

---

ElectrodePassivation

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_01260656_ac32_472e_9513_a607366538ec

altLabel	Passivation
elucidation	formation of compounds that reduces the conductivity at the surface of an electrode
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passivation_(chemistry)
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-02-16
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917260
restrictions	hasParticipant some Electrode hasParticipant some PassivationLayer
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalPhenomenon

---

ElectrodePolarisation

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_2e6933aa_4522_4f16_a437_37110e6cbd0d

altLabel	ElectrodePolarization; Polarisation; Polarization
elucidation	accumulation or depletion of electric charges at an electrode, resulting in a difference between the electrode potential with current flow, and the potential without current flow or equilibrium electrode potential
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization_(electrochemistry)
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-02-15
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605
restrictions	hasParticipant some Electrode
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalPhenomenon
subclasses	AnodicPolarisation, CathodicPolarisation

---

ElectrodeReaction

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_2e3e14f9_4cb8_45b2_908e_47eec893dec8

elucidation	electrochemical reaction involving the transfer of electrons between electrolyte and electrode
iupacReference	https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01960
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-02-04
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalReaction
subclasses	AnodicReaction, CathodicReaction

Note

An interfacial reaction that necessarily involves a charge-transfer step.

Note

The electrode (or interfacial) reaction involves all the processes (chemical reaction, structural reorganization, adsorption) accompanying the charge transfer step.

---

ElectrodeStack

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_27662d03_1bcf_4393_a239_32e31b760839

altLabel	PlatePack
elucidation	finished assembly of the positive and negative plate (electrode) groups with interleaved separators and terminals or intercell connectors
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-08
subclassOf	Assembled

---

Electrodeposition

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f0c24970_4c14_4207_bd78_5f2181a67085

elucidation	the process of forming a film or a bulk material using an electrochemical process where the electrons are supplied by an external power supply
subclassOf	IntentionalAgency, CathodicReaction
subclasses	Electroplating

Note

Used in manufacturing, coating, and electrorefining applications.

Example

Deposition of metallic zinc from Zn^{2+} ions in an electroplating bath.

---

Electrodissolution

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4df84ec1_8a1a_4770_963f_bf48009bd043

elucidation	the electrochemical dissolution of a material to soluble species
subclassOf	Dissolution, AnodicReaction

Note

It can be regarded as the reversal of electrodeposition.

Example

Dissolution of metallic copper as Zn^{2+} during corrosion or anodization.

---

Electrolysis

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e2a1dae1_05e4_4bd1_a39d_0eb10db482bc

elucidation	method of separating and neutralizing ions by an electric current in an electrolytic cell
etymology	From Greek elektron (‘electric’) + lysis (‘loosening, dissolution’): ‘decomposition by electricity’. Part of Faraday’s systematic terminology built to avoid theoretical commitments. Coined by Michael Faraday with support from William Whewell and Whitlock Nicholl.
dbpediaReference	https://dbpedia.org/page/Electrolysis
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolysis
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-09
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64403
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalPhenomenon

---

Electrolyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_fb0d9eef_92af_4628_8814_e065ca255d59

elucidation	a material in which the mobile species are ions and free movement of electrons is blocked.
etymology	From Greek elektron ('electric') + lytēs (, ‘looser’): ‘that which is set free or made to pass by electricity’; adopted to denote the conducting medium undergoing electrolysis. Coined by Michael Faraday with support from William Whewell and Whitlock Nicholl.
dbpediaReference	https://dbpedia.org/page/Electrolyte
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolyte
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-02; https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-29
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162908
restrictions	hasProperty some IonicConductivity
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalComponent, ElectrochemicalMaterial
subclasses	Catholyte, BinaryElectrolyte, SolidElectrolyte, LiquidElectrolyte, Anolyte, PolymerElectrolyte

Note

A solid electrolyte is a solid material where the predominant charge carriers are ions. For example: NASICON (Na Super Ionic Conductor), which has the general formula Na1+xZr2P3-xSix O12 , 0 < x < 3.

Note

An ionic liquid is an electrolyte composed of a salt that is liquid below 100 °C. Ionic liquids have found uses in electrochemical analysis, because their unconventional properties include a negligible vapor pressure, a high thermal and electrochemical stability, and exceptional dissolution properties for both organic and inorganic chemical species.

Note

conducting medium in which the flow of electric current is accompanied by the movement of ions

Note

liquid or solid substance containing mobile ions that render it conductive

Note

substance that provides ions on dissolution in a solvent or on melting

---

ElectrolyteAdditive

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_554286d4_1f46_44c0_bebc_4ddae00dbce1

elucidation	A substance added to an electrolyte to alter its properties
subclassOf	Additive

---

ElectrolyteCreep

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_3f6c9e09_5f23_41cc_9f85_7de365cef089

elucidation	gradual and slow spreading of an electrolyte film on the external surface of a cell or battery
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-30
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalPhenomenon

Note

electrolyte creep is sometimes indicated by the presence of a visible solid deposit or wet spots

---

ElectrolyteLevelIndicator

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c05692eb_ae92_4e03_b355_f259f9089cb8

elucidation	device used to assist in the measurement of the level of electrolyte in a cell
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-05-52
subclassOf	Device

---

ElectrolyteSolution

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_fa22874b_76a9_4043_8b8f_6086c88746de

altLabel	ElectrolyticSolution
elucidation	a liquid electrolyte that consists of solutes dissolved in a solvent
restrictions	hasSolvent some Solvent hasSolute some Solute
subclassOf	LiquidSolution, LiquidElectrolyte
subclasses	AqueousElectrolyte, OrganicElectrolyte, SupportingElectrolyte

---

ElectrolyticCapacitor

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_900d95fb_863d_4142_a96d_369fb39e2639

elucidation	capacitor consisting of a metallic plate as first conductor, a very thin oxide film formed on the metal as the dielectric and an electrolyte as second conductor
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolytic_capacitor
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-03-04
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1326992
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalDevice

---

ElectrolyticCell

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e931087f_7681_4096_b200_5223bcc47eb4

elucidation	electrochemical cell intended to produce chemical reactions
dbpediaReference	https://dbpedia.org/page/Electrolytic_cell
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolytic_cell
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-03-06
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2608426
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalCell
subclasses	PhotoelectrolyticCell

Note

An electrochemical cell that requires input of work to drive the reaction.

Note

Electrochemical cell in which electrical energy is converted into chemical energy.

---

Electroosmosis

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_5641910f_6e69_4ce4_be84_4b1bf14b8916

elucidation	movement of a fluid through a diaphragm, produced by application of an electric field
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electro-osmosis
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-01
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241065
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalPhenomenon

---

Electroplating

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a2b92d2e_4431_411e_8da5_a4c08bac2c0e

altLabel	Galvanizing
elucidation	process inside an electrolytic cell used to coat a conductive object with a layer of a material
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroplating
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-17
subclassOf	Electrodeposition

Note

The process of depositing a usually thin layer of metal upon a usually metallic substrate (or any other conductor, e.g. graphite), in order to improve the appearance, and/or to change the surface properties of the substrate.

---

ExpandedMesh

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_31b38a1b_5873_454c_ba99_00491497fb43

elucidation	a sheet that has been slit and stretched to form a network of diamond-shaped openings, providing structural strength and high surface area for applications like filtration and reinforcement
subclassOf	ManufacturedMaterial

---

FaradaysFirstLawOfElectrolysis

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1152ae6b_8b57_4d99_912e_40c6a29342fb

altLabel	FaradaysLaw; FaradaysLawOfElectrolysis
elucidation	mass m of electrochemically-transformed substance is proportional to the charge Q passed, m ∝ Q.
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday%27s_laws_of_electrolysis#First_law
subclassOf	PhysicalLaw

---

FaradaysSecondLawOfElectrolysis

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_60c5b2e5_164a_4ce6_8409_f386f5e50c03

elucidation	when the same electric charge (quantity of electricity) Q is passed through several electrolytes, the mass, m_i, of the substances deposited are proportional to their respective chemical equivalent molar mass, M_i/z_i.
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday%27s_laws_of_electrolysis#Second_law
subclassOf	PhysicalLaw

Note

m_1/m_2 = (M_1/z_1) / (M_2/z_2)

---

FlameArrestorVent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ae56cce3_7a7c_4e53_bb58_31e0d642d47e

elucidation	vent of special design which provides protection against the propagation of a flame front from or into the interior of a secondary cell
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-05-11
subclassOf	Component

Note

this flame front may originate from a spark or an external naked flame igniting combustible electrolysis gas

---

FlowCell

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_95e4aa95_b7e9_40d7_b78e_4d7dcc31093d

altLabel	ElectrochemicalFlowCell
elucidation	an electrochemical device in which the active materials are flowed through the cell from an external source
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalDevice
subclasses	HybridFlowCell

---

FluorineDopedTinOxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_339e1ba1_2006_4f22_aac4_3ce75edf1088

altLabel	FTOElectrode
elucidation	electrode in which the active material is tin oxide doped with fluorine
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some TinIVOxide
subclassOf	MetalOxideElectrode

---

Foil

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1d5377a7_9f2b_4fdf_958a_7eeadce158d6

elucidation	a sheet of material in which the thickness is much smaller than the length and width
subclassOf	ManufacturedMaterial

---

FormFactor

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1586ef26_6d30_49e3_ae32_b4c9fc181941

elucidation	a sign that is used to indicate the shape of the case of an electrochemical device
subclassOf	Information
subclasses	Prismatic, Pouch, Cylindrical, Coin

---

FuelCell

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_bd33779c_6f40_4354_ab5d_f6c17396414d

elucidation	galvanic cell that transforms chemical energy from continuously supplied reactants to electric energy by an electrochemical process.
dbpediaReference	https://dbpedia.org/page/Fuel_cell
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-03-05
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180253
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalDevice

---

GalvanicCell

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e248373f_294f_4ca4_9edf_0ad6653bb64f

elucidation	electrochemical cell in which chemical reactions occur spontaneously and chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.
dbpediaReference	https://dbpedia.org/page/Galvanic_cell
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvanic_cell
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-03-02
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209440
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalCell

Note

An electrochemical cell that spontaneously produces work.

Note

Electrochemical cell intended to produce electric energy.

---

GasDiffusionElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_bbb1d95b_72d1_44f6_b07e_a3d7d41ac215

altLabel	GDE
elucidation	a type of electrode specifically designed for gaseous reactants or products or both
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_diffusion_electrode
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=485-02-02
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909759
restrictions	hasConstituent some Electrocatalyst
subclassOf	PorousElectrode, InertElectrode
subclasses	AirElectrode, CardonDioxideElectrode, OxygenElectrode

Note

A gas diffusion electrode usually comprises one or more porous layers, like the gas diffusion layer and the catalyst layer.

Note

Gas diffusion electrodes can be gas diffusion anodes or gas diffusion cathodes.

Note

Gas diffusion electrodes can be used in batteries, fuel cells, and electrolyzers.

---

GasDissolution

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0c9017b4_6efd_4e2b_8e24_48b60ebe9315

elucidation	the dissolution of molecules from a gas into another phase
subclassOf	Dissolution

Note

Often leads to efficiency loss or mechanical degradation in electrochemical devices.

Example

Absorption of CO₂ into an alkaline electrolyte forming carbonate species.

Example

Hydrogen evolution during water electrolysis.

---

GasEvolution

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4288b145_ba79_4989_92f8_86086679b0fe

altLabel	Gassing
elucidation	process through which a gas is evolved
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_evolution_reaction
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5526337
subclassOf	ChemicalReaction

---

GassingOfACell

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0f827b54_370d_4c63_99a6_80f13b24e55e

elucidation	evolution of gas resulting from electrolysis of the water in the electrolyte of a cell
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-05-51
restrictions	hasSubProcess some GasEvolution
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalPhenomenon

---

GlassFibreSeparator

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d11b0e66_c35b_4da7_80a1_037ce89b77fb

altLabel	FibreglassSeparator
elucidation	a separator is composed of a mass of intermeshed glass fibers.
subclassOf	Separator

---

GlassyCarbonElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_057bb143_639c_472b_99ed_ffa1867f6e63

altLabel	GCE
elucidation	electrode made of glassy carbon material with an intertwined graphitic ribbon structure, formed by pyrolysis of a resol precursor at temperatures up to 3000 °C
subclassOf	InertElectrode

Note

extremely resistant to many chemicals, impermeable to gases and liquids, and has good electrical conductivity, high hardness and strength, and biocompatibility

Note

glassy carbon combines glass-like mechanical characteristics with physical properties similar to graphite, owing to its “graphene ribbon” structure

Note

one of the most frequently used working electrodes

---

GoldBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_52547692_f773_4e3f_8c8b_1d9d39bc3c8c

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of gold or gold compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode
subclasses	GoldElectrode

---

GoldElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_6fec8cc1_4e6c_428e_8343_6cf3c286a185

altLabel	AuElectrode
elucidation	foil, wire or disc electrode made of gold which is easily fabricated into a variety of electrode geometries
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some Gold
subclassOf	GoldBasedElectrode

Note

At positive potentials, Au forms an oxide and/or chemisorbed oxygen layer, while in the presence of complexing anions, such as chloride or cyanide, it readily undergoes oxidation and dissolution, limiting its working potential range and its applications.

---

GouyChapmanModel

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_fa54f95d_b49e_43b5_84c3_35520d0fb2f6

elucidation	an extension of the Helmholtz model that describes the distribution of ions as a function of distance from the electrode surface to the bulk of the electroylte
subclassOf	DoubleLayerModel

Note

this model fails for highly charged double layers

---

GrahameModel

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_7f168ebc_4c78_459c_9a39_bddaa57e214c

elucidation	a modification of the Stern model that considers the double layer as three regions separated by the inner Helmholtz plane and the outer Helmholtz plane
subclassOf	DoubleLayerModel

Note

proposed by D. C. Grahame in 1947

---

GraphiteElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c831d963_629a_41ab_850f_97fb6841b739

elucidation	electrode in which the active material is graphite
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some Graphite
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode, CarbonBasedElectrode

---

HardCarbonElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_6235cc7c_2eee_432a_93af_47d7e05db007

elucidation	electrode in which the active material is hard carbon
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some HardCarbon
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode, CarbonBasedElectrode

---

HelmholtzModel

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9bc02662_9799_4593_906d_638a841d7352

elucidation	a structural representation of the double layer that states that the accumulation of electric charge on the surface of the electrode is balanced by a layer of ions in the electrolyte
subclassOf	DoubleLayerModel

Note

proposed by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1853

Note

the first model for the double layer

---

HermeticallySealedCell

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c14ae9b3_e4ba_4129_a7b6_afd2d4571de6

elucidation	permanently sealed gas tight cell without pressure release device
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-01
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalDevice

---

HybridFlowCell

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f54474fc_5d07_474b_97ae_f5d0349363b4

elucidation	a flow cell that uses one or more electroactive components deposited as a solid layer
subclassOf	FlowCell

---

HydrogenElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c4a778c7_33da_4e1a_960e_402a210bfeff

elucidation	platinized platinum electrode saturated by a stream of pure gaseous hydrogen
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-03-16
subclassOf	InertElectrode

Note

A platinized platinum electrode consists of a platinum rod covered by compact platinum powder called platinum black.

---

IndicatorElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f6fcd255_248d_4603_b128_04dab960a676

elucidation	electrode that responds to one, or more than one, species in the solution being investigated, with no appreciable change of bulk solution composition during the measurement
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/I03006
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120907462
subclassOf	Electrode

Note

If processes of interest occur both at the anode and the cathode of a cell (as in differential amperometry or controlled-current potentiometric titration with two indicator electrodes), the cell should be said to comprise two indicator or working electrodes.

Note

This term is typically used in potentiometry.

---

IndiumBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_7b9db6b3_36f0_4b5d_acbb_9284a9054a09

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of indium or indium compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode

---

IndiumTinOxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c63baed9_48dd_4b5c_9e8c_03011010ffb6

altLabel	ITO
elucidation	electrode in which the active material is indium tin oxide
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some IndiumIIIOxide hasActiveMaterial some TinIVOxide
subclassOf	BimetallicOxideElectrode

---

InertElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a0a619d7_da95_41f0_8bc3_9c19d636d543

elucidation	electrode that serves only as a source or sink for electrons without playing a chemical role in the electrode reaction
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-02-08
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120907475
subclassOf	Electrode
subclasses	HydrogenElectrode, GlassyCarbonElectrode, GasDiffusionElectrode, CarbonPasteElectrode

Note

Noble metals, mercury, and carbon are typically used as (nearly) inert electrodes.

---

InsertionElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_757eae08_4d43_42d4_8b4e_8a0bfd2f9a1c

altLabel	IntercalationElectrode
elucidation	an electrode at which the predominant electrochemical reaction includes an insertion (intercalation) step
restrictions	hasInsertedEntity some MolecularEntity
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode
subclasses	ZincInsertionElectrode, LithiumInsertionElectrode, AluminiumInsertionElectrode, ProtonInsertionElectrode, MagnesiumInsertionElectrode, CalciumInsertionElectrode, PotassiumInsertionElectrode, SodiumInsertionElectrode

---

Interface

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_94d9d5e2_9e9b_4eb7_b3ce_f3d658b7ae64

elucidation	the plane ideally marking the boundary between two phases
iupacReference	https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03082
illustration
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_(matter)
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882
subclassOf	NonTemporalRole
subclasses	ElectrochemicalInterface

---

InterfacialRegion

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f78e3c87_01c6_4cc2_b047_30322262e22d

elucidation	a 3D spatial region at an interface with physical properties that are distinct from the bulk phases in contact
illustration
subclassOf	NonTemporalRole
subclasses	PassivationLayer, Interphase, DoubleLayer, SpaceChargeLayer

---

Interphase

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_54e0c2bd_1bb2_4f9c_9b55_5b6cc34651ec

altLabel	InterfacialLayer; InterfacialRegion
elucidation	a spatial region at the interface between two bulk phases in contact, which is different chemically and physically from both phases in contact
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/I03085
illustration
subclassOf	InterfacialRegion

Example

SEI

---

InterphaseGrowth

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_402598d9_0eea_405d_b0d0_3b8b79deba6f

elucidation	the process through which the size of an interphase increases over time
restrictions	hasParticipant some Electrode
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalPhenomenon

Example

solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth

---

IonExchangeMembrane

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_15325775_6d4c_4192_82f1_e4feca9de426

elucidation	A membrane having ion-exchange groups:
iupacReference	https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.IT07155
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion-exchange_membrane
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21082486
subclassOf	Separator

Note

a selective barrier that permits the passage of ions of one sign while preventing the passage of ions of opposite sign.

---

IonicLiquidElectrolyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c3f4b34a_0e2c_46f3_baab_4ebd2682d26f

altLabel	IonicLiquid
elucidation	An ionic liquid is an electrolyte composed of a salt that is liquid below 100 °C. Ionic liquids have found uses in electrochemical analysis, because their unconventional properties include a negligible vapor pressure, a high thermal and electrochemical stability, and exceptional dissolution properties for both organic and inorganic chemical species.
dbpediaReference	https://dbpedia.org/page/Ionic_liquid
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_liquid
subclassOf	NonAqueousElectrolyte

---

IridiumBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_3e6a7d5f_3700_46b3_b1b8_f34e37e6f931

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of iridium or iridium compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode

---

IridiumOxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_cba03815_eaa8_493d_b9e4_52856b57fde6

altLabel	IrO2Electrode
elucidation	electrode in which the active material is iridium oxide
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some IridiumDioxide
subclassOf	MetalOxideElectrode

---

IronBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_cc4e178c_bc1f_4502_b6c2_33f304ef6bab

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of iron or iron compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode

---

IronBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_5e1136d3_df00_40f7_a4bc_8259341053a1

elucidation	an electrode which contains mostly materials based on iron
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode
subclasses	IronDisulfideElectrode

Note

often represented in cell designations by the letter F

Note

this class is intended to enable designations based on IEC recommendations

---

IronDisulfideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d2726dd5_69f0_4cb1_bd3c_4c48813e57e7

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of iron disulfide or iron disulfide compounds.
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some IronDisulfide
subclassOf	IronBasedElectrode, ActiveElectrode

Note

the combination with lithium metal and an organic electrolyte is designated using IEC electrochemical system letter code F

---

IronPhosphateBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d54f6aac_7cd2_4d52_9bca_2f19bb1eaec4

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of iron phosphate or iron phosphate compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode
subclasses	LithiumIronPhosphateElectrode, SodiumIronPhosphateElectrode

Note

represented in IEC cell designations by the letter code Fp

---

Jacket

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a0fcb105_587f_45d8_a89a_46dc8f745069

elucidation	partial or complete external covering of a cell
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-20
subclassOf	Component

Note

a jacket may be made of metal (insulated from the cell terminals), plastic, paper or other suitable material

---

KohlrauschsLaw

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_598ae3d0_76e9_429c_a0e1_8694525cb574

elucidation	For any electrolyte A_xB_y, the limiting molar conductivity is expressed as x times the limiting molar conductivity of A^{y+} and y times the limiting molar conductivity of B^{x-}.
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_conductivity#Kohlrausch's_law_of_independent_migration_of_ions
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3258329
subclassOf	MaterialLaw

Note

proposed by Friedrich Kohlrausch between 1875-1879

Note

valid for dilute solutions

---

LawOfMassAction

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_5a7a3028_db9e_4045_ab68_054c6afc91fc

elucidation	the rate of the chemical reaction is directly proportional to the product of the activities or concentrations of the reactants
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_mass_action
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899494
subclassOf	PhysicalLaw

---

LeadBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_610f0bc8_557d_455b_a8ed_272d5d1813c9

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of lead or lead compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode

---

LeadOxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f6223121_7df5_42f8_902c_d26fa2fc4f04

altLabel	PbOElectrode
elucidation	electrode in which the active material is lead oxide
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some LeadIIOxide
subclassOf	MetalOxideElectrode

---

Leakage

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c55ec02c_b727_4df1_97ce_91d7bb5d5e91

elucidation	unplanned escape of electrolyte, gas or other material from a cell or battery
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-32
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalPhenomenon

---

LeclancheElectrolyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_23b30468_be7b_45a9_bc11_a8219bc3ab8b

elucidation	an aqueous mixture of ammonium chloride and zinc chloride
subclassOf	NearNeutralElectrolyte

---

LidSealingCompound

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_6559c04d_75bc_41ea_8ed8_8d3c09dae6b0

elucidation	material used to seal the cell lid to the case or to the terminals of a cell
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-16
subclassOf	CompositePhysicalObject

---

LiquidElectrolyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_609b340f_3450_4a10_95c2_c457e3eb8a89

elucidation	an electrolyte in the liquid phase.
restrictions	hasProperty some DynamicViscosity
subclassOf	Electrolyte
subclasses	ElectrolyteSolution, NonAqueousElectrolyte

---

LiquidGalliumElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_80fdbd63_9b7a_462b_a8cb_b50f5f6ab182

elucidation	a liquid electrode with an active material of gallium
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some Gallium
subclassOf	LiquidMetalElectrode

---

LiquidJunction

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_634467ad_feed_4979_adb2_877d98fe1768

elucidation	any junction between two electrolyte solutions of different composition.
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/L03584
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalInterface

Note

Across such a junction there arises a potential difference, called the liquid junction potential.

Note

In the operational pH cell the junction is between the test, or pH standard, solution and the filling solution or the bridge solution of the reference electrode.

---

LiquidMetalElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9fd49892_cf6d_482e_a6c3_5f763948ec29

elucidation	an electrode that uses a liquid metal
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_metal_electrode
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6557456
subclassOf	MetalElectrode
subclasses	LiquidGalliumElectrode, MercuryElectrode

Note

they can be used in electrocapillarity, voltammetry, and impedance measurements

---

LithiumBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_47346d85_b9be_4480_8993_6307b1c58fcd

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of lithium or lithium compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode
subclasses	LithiumElectrode

---

LithiumCobaltOxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_fd7caf39_0a43_4fbf_958e_a62067aa9007

altLabel	LCOElectrode
elucidation	electrode in which the active material is lithium cobalt oxide
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some LithiumCobaltOxide
subclassOf	CobaltBasedElectrode, MetalOxideElectrode

---

LithiumElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_55775b50_b9d9_4d68_8cb5_38fcd7b9b54d

elucidation	an electrode in which the active material is lithium metal
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some Lithium
subclassOf	LithiumBasedElectrode

---

LithiumHydroxideSolution

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e84e691a_df58_465c_9771_7a7fe2212ed5

altLabel	AqueousLithiumHydroxideSolution; LiOHSolution
elucidation	a solution of lithium hydroxide (LiOH) dissolved in water (H2O)
subclassOf	AlkalineElectrolyte

---

LithiumInsertionElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4c3ee364_829b_41a4_b895_ca4a041efb2a

elucidation	an insertion electrode in which the guest molecule is lithium
subclassOf	InsertionElectrode

---

LithiumIronPhosphateElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1d0f15cb_d6b5_4c27_89ca_fe78adc1ce5b

altLabel	LFPElectrode
elucidation	electrode in which the active material is lithium iron phosphate
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some LithiumIronPhosphate
subclassOf	IronPhosphateBasedElectrode, MetalOxideElectrode

---

LithiumManganeseIronPhosphateElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9109b3f6_112b_456d_ae45_b82c271c656b

altLabel	LMFPElectrode
elucidation	electrode in which the active material is lithium manganese iron phosphate
subclassOf	ManganesePhosphateBasedElectrode, MetalOxideElectrode

---

LithiumManganeseOxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c231227b_f318_4e59_ad90_6e91072903ed

altLabel	LMOElectrode
elucidation	electrode in which the active material is lithium manganese oxide
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some LithiumManganeseOxide
subclassOf	ManganeseBasedElectrode, MetalOxideElectrode

---

LithiumManganeseOxideLithiumIronPhosphateElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_fffc3dad_6946_4c32_a9d3_f5f311339881

altLabel	LMOLFPElectrode
elucidation	an electrode with blended lithium manganese oxide (LMO) and lithium iron phosphate (LFP) active materials
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some LithiumIronPhosphate hasActiveMaterial some LithiumManganeseOxide
subclassOf	BimetallicOxideElectrode

---

LithiumManganesePhosphateElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_713200a1_952b_49e2_90b7_deba229f6bbe

altLabel	LMPElectrode
elucidation	electrode in which the active material is lithium manganese phosphate
subclassOf	ManganesePhosphateBasedElectrode, MetalOxideElectrode

---

LithiumNickelCobaltAluminumOxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f19d3b4f_d59b_4a92_a547_54a6f59cc9b4

altLabel	NCAElectrode
elucidation	electrode in which the active material is lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some LithiumNickelCobaltAluminiumOxide
subclassOf	NickelBasedElectrode, MetalOxideElectrode

---

LithiumNickelMananeseCobaltOxideLithiumManganeseOxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_48e380c3_0441_4761_a80f_3e448cb2f0ba

altLabel	NMCLMOElectrode
elucidation	an electrode with blended lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) and lithium manganese oxide (LMO) active materials
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some LithiumNickelManganeseCobaltOxide hasActiveMaterial some LithiumManganeseOxide
subclassOf	BimetallicOxideElectrode

---

LithiumNickelManganeseCobaltOxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b3eb8c65_5644_45e3_9e17_0be6277c7962

altLabel	NMCElectrode
elucidation	electrode in which the active material is lithium nickel manganese cobalt
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some LithiumNickelManganeseCobaltOxide
subclassOf	NickelBasedElectrode, MetalOxideElectrode

---

LithiumNickelManganeseCobaltOxideLithiumCobaltOxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_098690e3_9010_437e_8042_cee1656efa9b

altLabel	NMCLCOElectrode
elucidation	an electrode with blended lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) and lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) active materials
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some LithiumNickelManganeseCobaltOxide hasActiveMaterial some LithiumCobaltOxide
subclassOf	BimetallicOxideElectrode

---

LithiumNickelManganeseOxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_41ddf723_245f_4ce8_b9b1_7d9b3b9eea7d

altLabel	LNMOElectrode
elucidation	electrode in which the active material is lithium nickel manganese oxide
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some LithiumNickelManganeseOxide
subclassOf	NickelBasedElectrode, MetalOxideElectrode

---

LithiumNickelManganeseOxideLithiumIronPhosphateElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_bb710d71_98fa_48a1_85bc_d8f1ef2200da

altLabel	LNMOLFPElectrode
elucidation	an electrode with blended lithium nickel manganese oxide (LNMO) and lithium iron phosphate (LFP) active materials
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some LithiumIronPhosphate hasActiveMaterial some LithiumNickelManganeseOxide
subclassOf	BimetallicOxideElectrode

---

LithiumNickelOxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_cab66388_3feb_4101_82bc_f4441f0b60e3

altLabel	LNOElectrode
elucidation	electrode in which the active material is lithium nickel oxide
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some LithiumNickelOxide
subclassOf	NickelBasedElectrode, MetalOxideElectrode

---

LithiumTitanateElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_6d0fe07e_a629_479c_ab24_2846f209bb0b

altLabel	LTOElectrode
elucidation	electrode in which the active material is lithium titanate
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some LithiumTitanate
subclassOf	TitaniumBasedElectrode, MetalOxideElectrode

---

LithiumVanadiumOxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b5e91259_cd97_4ed6_9ab2_4b18ef68a35a

elucidation	electrode in which the active material is lithium vanadium oxide
subclassOf	VanadiumBasedElectrode, MetalOxideElectrode

---

MagnesiumBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_2a177462_ff01_4b83_ab9f_032e93c9ec69

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of magnesium or magnesium compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode

---

MagnesiumInsertionElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d9888f1f_2226_4ce3_9cb3_91fd9bd1bf22

elucidation	an insertion electrode in which the guest molecule is magnesium
subclassOf	InsertionElectrode

---

ManganeseBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b1ac8d0c_a215_4e60_82b0_38272eff5131

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of manganese or manganese compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode
subclasses	ManganeseDioxideElectrode, LithiumManganeseOxideElectrode, SodiumManganeseOxideElectrode, SodiumManganeseHexacyanoferrateElectrode

Note

often represented in cell designations by the letter M

Note

this class is intended to enable designations based on IEC recommendations

---

ManganeseDioxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ca4d9efc_70be_441e_b358_d927aa4c36c4

altLabel	MnO2Electrode
elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of manganese dioxide or manganese dioxide compounds.
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some ManganeseDioxide
subclassOf	ManganeseBasedElectrode, MetalOxideElectrode

Note

the combination with lithium metal and an organic electrolyte is designated using IEC electrochemical system letter code C

Note

the combination with zinc metal and an alkali metal hydoxide electrolyte is designated using IEC electrochemical system letter code L

---

ManganesePhosphateBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_468b3b63_b62a_4110_8c7e_40fffd5fdfd6

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of manganese phosphate or manganese phosphate compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode
subclasses	LithiumManganesePhosphateElectrode, SodiumManganesePhosphateElectrode, LithiumManganeseIronPhosphateElectrode

Note

often represented in cell designations by the letter Mp

Note

this class is intended to enable designations based on IEC recommendations

---

MercuryElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_df78745e_f9db_4830_88f0_8ce074fcb8ff

altLabel	HgElectrode
elucidation	liquid metal electrode used in polarography
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some Mercury
subclassOf	LiquidMetalElectrode
subclasses	DroppingMercuryElectrode

Note

A mercury film electrode (MFE) or thin mercury film electrode (TMFE) is formed by coating a conducting substrate, usually glassy carbon, with a layer of mercury (thin film, amalgam, or array of microdrops), often by electrodeposition from a solution containing Hg(II). The electrode area is normally in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 cm2 and mercury film thickness typically ranges from 10 to 1000 nm, producing a film of large surface area-to-volume ratio that results in a high analyte pre-concentration during the deposition step of anodic stripping voltammetry. Compared to an HMDE, the MFE provides high sensitivity and resolution; however, it is somewhat less reproducible and more prone to interferences from intermetallic formation and surface-active substances.

Note

Liquid mercury is an ideal electrode material for negative potentials because of its high overpotential for hydrogen evolution (electrochemical reduction of hydroxonium cations from solution). However, mercury is readily oxidized, particularly in the presence of anions that form complexes or that pre- cipitate with Hg(I) or Hg(II) ions, and thus it is not suitable for use at positive potentials. The use of liquid mercury has largely been discontinued because of concerns about the toxicity of the element and its compounds.

---

MetalElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_5adb91e0_ffe1_41f3_b779_c6966f65fb0e

elucidation	an electrode in which the actve electrochemical material is a metal
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode
subclasses	BimetallicElectrode, LiquidMetalElectrode, SolidAmalgamElectrode, ZincElectrode

Note

the term metal is meant to loosely cover alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, post-transition metals, and metalloids

---

MetalOxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e4b6cb36_4dac_49e3_871d_40bcfca943a5

elucidation	electrode in which the active material is a metal oxide
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode
subclasses	ManganeseDioxideElectrode, ZincOxideElectrode, SilverOxideElectrode, IridiumOxideElectrode, BimetallicOxideElectrode, LithiumNickelCobaltAluminumOxideElectrode, LithiumManganesePhosphateElectrode, LithiumIronPhosphateElectrode, LithiumCobaltOxideElectrode, SodiumChromiumOxideElectrode, LithiumManganeseOxideElectrode, SodiumManganeseOxideElectrode, SodiumIronPhosphateElectrode, CopperOxideElectrode, FluorineDopedTinOxideElectrode, SodiumTitaniumPhosphateElectrode, SodiumManganesePhosphateElectrode, SodiumIronHexacyanoferrateElectrode, RutheniumOxideElectrode, SodiumTitaniumOxideElectrode, SodiumCobaltPhosphateElectrode, NickelOxideHydroxideElectrode, LeadOxideElectrode, SodiumManganeseHexacyanoferrateElectrode, SodiumNickelPhosphateElectrode, LithiumTitanateElectrode, LithiumNickelManganeseOxideElectrode, LithiumManganeseIronPhosphateElectrode, SodiumMetatitanateElectrode, LithiumNickelOxideElectrode, LithiumNickelManganeseCobaltOxideElectrode, TitaniumDioxideElectrode, SiliconOxideElectrode, TungstenOxideElectrode, SodiumCobaltOxideElectrode, NickelOxideElectrode, LithiumVanadiumOxideElectrode

---

MonoblocContainer

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e94f6d42_35e4_4f9f_bb74_5e0628bbd454

elucidation	case with multiple separate cell compartments
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-18
subclassOf	PrismaticCase

---

Mudrib

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1a2eb6db_c927_4039_aea0_8dfab060fd27

elucidation	ridges in the bottom of the case which support the plate pack (electrode stack) and thus create a space which allows the active material detached from the plates (electrodes) to settle without causing a short-circuit between the plates (electrodes)
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-05-18
subclassOf	Component

---

NearNeutralElectrolyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_dc205ac2_314e_415c_a2b6_b12e8359d54c

altLabel	NearNeutralAqueousElectrolyte; NearNeutralSolution
elucidation	an aqueous electrolyte with a nominal pH value between 4 and 10.
subclassOf	AqueousElectrolyte
subclasses	AmmoniumChlorideSolution, ZincChlorideSolution, Seawater, LeclancheElectrolyte

Note

this covers the pH domain typically described as "weakly acidic", "neutral", and "weakly alkaline"

---

NegativeElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c94c041b_8ea6_43e7_85cc_d2bce7785b4c

altLabel	NegativePlate
elucidation	for a device having two electrodes, that electrode having the lower electric potential
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=151-13-04; https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-05
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120907506
subclassOf	Electrode

Note

by convention, an oxidation reaction occurs during discharge

Warning

The term "anode" is often used interchangably with "negative electrode" even though it only applies while the cell is being discharged. When the cell is being charged the negatve electrode becomes the cathode.

---

NegativeTerminal

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b851c7e9_60bf_4d3d_abe1_8d08d3d85124

elucidation	accessible conductive part provided for the connection of an external electric circuit to the negative electrode of the cell
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-24
restrictions	contacts some NegativeElectrode
subclassOf	Terminal

---

NernstEinsteinEquation

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9d7e5fea_a49a_4a19_a8de_8e24c60e420c

elucidation	an equation relating the limiting molar conductivity Λ_m^0 to the ionic diffusion coefficients.
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein_relation_(kinetic_theory)#Nernst%E2%80%93Einstein_equation
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9325636
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalRelation

Note

Lambda_m^0 = (F^2/(R*T)) * (v_{+} * z_{+}^2 * D_{+} + v_{–} * z_{–}^2 * D_{–})

---

NernstEquation

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_fe3a6c9a_85b8_4da6_aa4f_71c8de74939e

elucidation	An equation that relates the reduction potential of an electrochemical reaction (half-cell or full cell reaction) to the standard electrode potential, temperature, and activities (often approximated by concentrations) of the chemical species undergoing reduction and oxidation.
dbpediaReference	https://dbpedia.org/page/Nernst_equation
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nernst_equation
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751124
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalRelation

Note

An expression of the Law of Mass Action.

Note

E_{eq} = E^0 - (R*T/(z*F))*ln(Q)

---

Neutralisation

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0471ec77_91bc_4a78_be31_b6af613e5966

altLabel	Neutralization
elucidation	insertion or removal of electrons into or from ions to obtain particles having zero electric charge
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-11
subclassOf	NaturalProcess

---

NickelBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0d2aaaf4_1a8a_4a32_abd8_7d0fdf0ae9d2

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of nickel or nickel compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode
subclasses	LithiumNickelCobaltAluminumOxideElectrode, NickelOxideHydroxideElectrode, SodiumNickelPhosphateElectrode, LithiumNickelManganeseOxideElectrode, LithiumNickelOxideElectrode, LithiumNickelManganeseCobaltOxideElectrode, NickelOxideElectrode

Note

often represented in IEC cell designations by the letter N

Note

this class is intended to enable designations based on IEC recommendations

---

NickelOxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_76e461aa_5948_4a68_8337_284d11e0fd7d

altLabel	NiOElectrode
elucidation	electrode in which the active material is nickel oxide
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some NickelIIOxide
subclassOf	NickelBasedElectrode, MetalOxideElectrode

---

NickelOxideHydroxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_344ed3a6_481a_499f_afef_631f1cece9ef

altLabel	NiOOHElectrode; NickelOxyhydroxideElectrode
elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of nickel oxide hydroxide or nickel oxide hydroxide compounds.
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some NickelOxideHydroxide
subclassOf	NickelBasedElectrode, MetalOxideElectrode

Note

the combination with zinc metal and an alkali metal hydoxide electrolyte is designated using IEC electrochemical system letter code Z

---

NonAqueousElectrolyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_5f9a9411_05f9_4576_acd3_81d7d41cfe98

altLabel	NonAqueousElectrolyticSolution; NonAqueousSolution
elucidation	an ion-transport medium that does not contain water.
subclassOf	LiquidElectrolyte
subclasses	IonicLiquidElectrolyte, NonAqueousInorganicElectrolyte

---

NonAqueousInorganicElectrolyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_addf91e1_ba8c_4a3e_b1e9_092e3e1cc2b3

elucidation	an electrolyte solution that contains no water and no organic species
subclassOf	NonAqueousElectrolyte

---

NonPolarizableElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9f466223_e20a_474d_ac4d_6d4b6131c275

elucidation	an electrode that holds its potential essentially constant by efficiently allowing electric current to pass
subclassOf	Electrode
subclasses	ReferenceElectrode

Note

this is a desirable characteristic for a reference electrode

---

NonSpillableCell

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c610d869_cc03_44f0_b40d_ca86e945b9c9

elucidation	cell from which electrolyte cannot escape regardless of its orientation
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-05-16
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalDevice

Note

some vented cells or batteries are designed so as to be non-spillable when operated within the limits specified by the manufacturer

---

NormalHydrogenElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_83ee23b3_2f5c_4afa_b972_ac85e91d7306

altLabel	NHE
elucidation	potential of a platinum electrode in 1 M acid solution.
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115694592
subclassOf	ReferenceElectrode

Note

hydrogen gas at 1 atm pressures is bubbled through the acid solution

---

OpenCellFoam

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_7cef0da2_8de3_418e_b390_cce9a5d3c129

altLabel	ReticulatedFoam
elucidation	a lightweight, porous material characterized by a network of interconnected pores, typically made from metals or polymers, which allows for high gas and liquid permeability and is used in applications such as filtration, thermal insulation, and energy absorption
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticulated_foam
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1312510
subclassOf	ManufacturedMaterial

---

OrganicElectrolyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_564d31be_91cb_4a8f_8369_2a55f1180499

elucidation	an electrolyte solution with an organic solvent
subclassOf	ElectrolyteSolution

---

OutputCable

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_76df6e7b_fc3b_4a1f_98b1_0ca9c0539e4c

elucidation	cable used for the electrical connection of the battery terminals and the load and/or the charger
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-36
subclassOf	Component

---

Oxidation

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c6a35be8_7ce2_415b_be9e_3a5ff9a7f2ad

altLabel	OxidationReaction
elucidation	chemical reaction in which electrons are transferred from a substance to oxygen to form a compound of that substance or, more generally, in which substance loses electrons
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/O04362
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-02-15
subclassOf	RedoxReaction
subclasses	AnodicReaction

Note

Electrons are generally transferred to another substance by a reduction reaction.

---

OxygenElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e2c91edd_dd01_4309_9735_6fe5280261d4

elucidation	a gas diffusion electrode in which the active material is oxygen (O2)
subclassOf	GasDiffusionElectrode

Note

the combination with zinc metal and an alkali metal hydroxide electrolyte is designated using IEC electrochemical system letter code P

---

P12103310

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_27f95593_47f1_4494_b6bb_ac0733df185d

altLabel	P12/103/310
elucidation	a prismatic case with a nominal length of 12 mm, width of 103 mm, and height of 310 mm
subclassOf	PrismaticCase

---

P1212080

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c54fbb75_0528_49c0_97e0_258798a947e4

altLabel	P12/120/80
elucidation	a prismatic case with a nominal length of 12 mm, width of 120 mm, and height of 80 mm
subclassOf	PrismaticCase

---

P1212081

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d1199193_b203_4fcb_971c_ccf6332973ae

altLabel	HEV2; P12/120/81
elucidation	a prismatic case with a nominal length of 12 mm, width of 120 mm, and height of 81 mm
subclassOf	PrismaticCase

---

P1212085

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4ca551d2_2969_4c18_96ce_db99831ed0af

altLabel	P12/120/85
elucidation	a prismatic case with a nominal length of 12 mm, width of 120 mm, and height of 85 mm
subclassOf	PrismaticCase

---

P1312085

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_93358d9b_8976_42d0_84ae_e5a2400c3ea7

altLabel	HEV1; P13/120/85
elucidation	a prismatic case with a nominal length of 13 mm, width of 120 mm, and height of 85 mm
subclassOf	PrismaticCase

---

P1714891

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_56def0d5_fe57_40d7_85e3_97872fa2a3e1

altLabel	P17/148/91; PHEV2
elucidation	a prismatic case with a nominal length of 17 mm, width of 148 mm, and height of 91 mm
subclassOf	PrismaticCase

---

P1865140

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_289da03d_606a_4668_a195_e81627bc80b7

altLabel	P18/65/140
elucidation	a prismatic case with a nominal length of 18 mm, width of 65 mm, and height of 140 mm
subclassOf	PrismaticCase

---

P1868107

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d1bf3cdd_d618_40e3_b055_a952ef632157

altLabel	P18/68/107
elucidation	a prismatic case with a nominal length of 18 mm, width of 68 mm, and height of 107 mm
subclassOf	PrismaticCase

---

P20100141

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_bba6b94e_c0d7_40bf_a9d6_413ff458397c

altLabel	P20/100/141
elucidation	a prismatic case with a nominal length of 20 mm, width of 100 mm, and height of 141 mm
subclassOf	PrismaticCase

---

P21148128

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0e366263_fded_4509_bddd_392d839013e4

altLabel	P21/148/128
elucidation	a prismatic case with a nominal length of 21 mm, width of 148 mm, and height of 128 mm
subclassOf	PrismaticCase

---

P2117385

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_3b714a22_4212_4f4f_b578_140c357b18de

altLabel	P21/173/85; PHEV1
elucidation	a prismatic case with a nominal length of 21 mm, width of 173 mm, and height of 85 mm
subclassOf	PrismaticCase

---

P27148129

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_619c2e56_077d_4bb4_9062_65fb75763651

altLabel	P27/148/129
elucidation	a prismatic case with a nominal length of 27 mm, width of 148 mm, and height of 129 mm
subclassOf	PrismaticCase

---

P2714891

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f4a6a682_fd7c_43df_bed2_df70848d6026

altLabel	P27/148/91
elucidation	a prismatic case with a nominal length of 27 mm, width of 148 mm, and height of 91 mm
subclassOf	PrismaticCase

---

P2714898

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_50d9652c_6b68_457c_bd72_f89a8e549bcf

altLabel	P27/148/98
elucidation	a prismatic case with a nominal length of 27 mm, width of 148 mm, and height of 98 mm
subclassOf	PrismaticCase

---

P2770102

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a5c1b56f_5c82_4e3b_800e_5a280331348b

altLabel	P27/70/102
elucidation	a prismatic case with a nominal length of 27 mm, width of 70 mm, and height of 102 mm
subclassOf	PrismaticCase

---

P2770120

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_7018bd4e_6ca1_44eb_a558_6585c0bf8547

altLabel	P27/70/120
elucidation	a prismatic case with a nominal length of 27 mm, width of 70 mm, and height of 120 mm
subclassOf	PrismaticCase

---

P2770131

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_afe918c7_0634_40c1_9421_78ea2fe707e3

altLabel	P27/70/131
elucidation	a prismatic case with a nominal length of 27 mm, width of 70 mm, and height of 131 mm
subclassOf	PrismaticCase

---

P29135214

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_37504d4d_2aff_4f7f_9f46_a24e258028e8

altLabel	P29/135/214
elucidation	a prismatic case with a nominal length of 29 mm, width of 135 mm, and height of 214 mm
subclassOf	PrismaticCase

---

P32173115

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_8112c7ba_e58a_463b_8661_b836bb6d7c86

altLabel	BEV1; P32/173/115
elucidation	a prismatic case with a nominal length of 32 mm, width of 173 mm, and height of 115 mm
subclassOf	PrismaticCase

---

P32173225

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_948234f6_4095_4419_af30_00ab297a7694

altLabel	BEV3; P32/173/225
elucidation	a prismatic case with a nominal length of 32 mm, width of 173 mm, and height of 225
subclassOf	PrismaticCase

---

P4014895

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_41ab11ec_af9f_401d_b80d_474c1dc86cd6

altLabel	P40/148/95
elucidation	a prismatic case with a nominal length of 40 mm, width of 148 mm, and height of 95 mm
subclassOf	PrismaticCase

---

P45173115

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_36444184_1100_4271_869f_7f2d983aaecb

altLabel	BEV2; P45/173/115
elucidation	a prismatic case with a nominal length of 45 mm, width of 173 mm, and height of 115 mm
subclassOf	PrismaticCase

---

P45173225

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_2c63d7f4_09ba_4ca9_baa2_a1da899bf477

altLabel	BEV4; P45/173/225
elucidation	a prismatic case with a nominal length of 45 mm, width of 173 mm, and height of 225 mm
subclassOf	PrismaticCase

---

PalladiumBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f9f056bb_a38b_43bd_a6bd_99d618431f4d

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of palladium or palladium compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode

---

ParallelConnection

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_efc4f7ab_850d_443c_a17f_184983021f96

elucidation	arrangement of cells or batteries wherein all the positive terminals and all the negative terminals, respectively, are connected together.
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-39
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302489
subclassOf	Assembled

---

ParallelSeriesConnection

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d5da9948_e95b_4f12_a2d2_10a48f390c52

elucidation	arrangement of cells or batteries wherein parallel connected cells or batteries are connected in series.
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-40
subclassOf	Assembled

---

ParasiticReaction

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b79d4f9e_5727_4895_8d7f_5fc18d83eb90

elucidation	an unwanted side reaction
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-02-07; https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-13
subclassOf	SideReaction

Note

in a galvanic cell, parasitic reactions may cause inefficiencies or loss of performance

Note

Parasitic reactions are a subset of side reactions specifically associated with unwanted charge transfer.

---

Particle

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e13b7945_65ac_476b_85ee_5cdc59f5c919

elucidation	a small localized object which can be described by several physical or chemical properties, such as volume, density, or mass.
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalComponent

---

ParticleCracking

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f6341d7d_7620_48f5_97b2_99b55c349169

elucidation	a degradation mechanism in electrochemical cells in which fractures in the particles degrade performance
restrictions	hasParticipant some ActiveMaterial isCauseOf some CapacityFade
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalDegradationPhenomenon

Note

Often afflicts active material particles.

---

PassivationLayer

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d16eec87_c646_4566_bda6_7d3357cda061

elucidation	an interfacial layer of an electrode surface, that causes the electrode to become passivated
subclassOf	InterfacialRegion
subclasses	SolidElectrolyteInterphase

---

PastedPlate

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a1ec9e3c_c624_4848_af13_89a6bc54d77c

altLabel	PastedElectrode
elucidation	plate in which the active material is applied as a paste to a conductive current collector
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-03
subclassOf	CoatedElectrode

---

PerforatedFoil

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c84a1d8f_e405_42ba_8c80_bbe3b9c6c66a

elucidation	a thin sheet that has been punched with a pattern of holes, offering controlled porosity and strength for uses in filtration, sound suppression, and structural components
subclassOf	ManufacturedMaterial

---

PhosphoricAcidSolution

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_78f75a64_55b6_4243_a35e_3d279c83209b

elucidation	a solution of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) dissolved in water (H2O)
subclassOf	AcidicElectrolyte

---

PhotoelectrolyticCell

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_7760b241_775f_4be1_b827_59f9bde9e5b2

elucidation	electrolytic cell in which a chemical reaction is influenced by the absorption of light
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-19
subclassOf	ElectrolyticCell

---

PlateGroup

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_457a8f92_0a19_4773_8114_a42edff32248

elucidation	assembly of plates of the same polarity electrically connected together
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-04
restrictions	hasConstituent some CoatedElectrode
subclassOf	Assembled

---

PlatinumBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d8a9a88e_d437_4fef_bc3c_65a1fe627061

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of platinum or platinum compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode
subclasses	PlatinumElectrode

---

PlatinumElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_2d32a81a_2148_41bd_84fb_467aa8de4a8f

altLabel	PtElectrode
elucidation	foil, wire, disc, or mesh electrode made of platinum, which is the most commonly used metallic working electrode in electrochemistry
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20851363
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some Platinum
subclassOf	PlatinumBasedElectrode

Note

Pt has a very small overpotential for hydrogen evolution, which determines the negative potential limit in protic solvents. Pt adsorbs hydrogen, resulting in hydrogen adsorption/desorption waves. However, the positive potential limit in polar aprotic solvents free of oxygen and water is higher than that for any other commonly used electrode materials. In the presence of water and/or oxygen, Pt forms a film of oxide (and/or chemisorbed oxygen), resulting in potentially interfering waves or peaks.

---

PolarityReversal

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_83d2c2d4_ffa9_42f4_9264_a0c59c657607

altLabel	CellReversal
elucidation	reversing of the polarities of the electrodes of a cell, generally due to over-discharge of a low-capacity cell in a series arrangement
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-03
subclassOf	IntentionalAgency

---

PolarizableElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c2024587_3237_474e_8df9_91d10db2df47

elucidation	electrode whose potential changes with an applied potential
subclassOf	Electrode

---

PolymerElectrolyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c6d6c0a1_a06b_437a_978f_a469d3071ca9

elucidation	a polymer matrix capable of ion conduction
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer_electrolytes
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107223477
subclassOf	Electrolyte

---

PorousElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_3663991d_9319_4f7a_922b_f0e428b58801

elucidation	porous electrodes consist of porous matrices of a single reactive electronic conductor or a mixture of solids that include essentially non-conducting, reactive materials in addition to electronic conductors. An electrolytic solution fills the void spaces of the porous matrix.
restrictions	hasProperty some Porosity
subclassOf	Electrode
subclasses	GasDiffusionElectrode

---

PorousSeparator

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_58413d4e_2885_459e_ac06_8d45e661cf91

elucidation	a separator with a porosity greater than 0
subclassOf	Separator

---

PositiveElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_aff732a9_238a_4734_977c_b2ba202af126

altLabel	PositivePlate
elucidation	for a device having two electrodes, that electrode having the higher electric potential
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=151-13-05; https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-06
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120907518
subclassOf	Electrode
subclasses	TubularPlate

Note

by convention, a reduction reaction occurs during discharge

Warning

The term "cathode" is often used interchangably with "positive electrode" even though it only applies while the cell is being discharged. When the cell is being charged the positive electrode becomes the anode.

---

PositiveTerminal

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_522f0c0b_cf33_4328_af71_12e38dae6798

elucidation	accessible conductive part provided for the connection of an external electric circuit to the positive electrode of the cell
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-25
restrictions	contacts some PositiveElectrode
subclassOf	Terminal

---

PotassiumBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0afe79ed_dc0d_4b3e_88fa_ae0c7b1e88b5

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of potassium or potassium compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode

---

PotassiumHydroxideSolution

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_26a0dc36_8171_4a84_88dd_0f5dd7cb2d20

altLabel	AqueousPotassiumHydroxideSolution; KOHSolution
elucidation	a solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) dissolved in water (H2O)
subclassOf	AlkalineElectrolyte

---

PotassiumInsertionElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c183f697_8995_477c_9ccd_5c12d98e3633

elucidation	an insertion electrode in which the guest molecule is potassium
subclassOf	InsertionElectrode

---

Pouch

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_af751d07_f0b7_43c7_911d_cba864189b2b

elucidation	a form factor describing a pouch cell, which has the shape of a rectangular prism where the thickness less than the length and the width and the case material is flexible
subclassOf	FormFactor

---

PouchCase

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_74459386_875c_4303_b774_60125b599d06

elucidation	a soft pouch case that is described by its length, width, and height
subclassOf	Case

Note

often represented in cell designations by the letter P

---

Powder

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ee479886_6805_4018_95e1_500185e44215

elucidation	a material comprised of many particles
restrictions	hasProperty some D30ParticleSize hasProperty some D5ParticleSize hasProperty some TappedDensity hasProperty some D20ParticleSize hasProperty some D25ParticleSize hasProperty some D15ParticleSize hasProperty some D10ParticleSize
subclassOf	ManufacturedMaterial

---

PressureReliefVent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f330680b_347e_45b3_9113_5ce09d18d60b

elucidation	vent of special design which allows to release gas from a cell in order to avoid excessive internal pressure and thereby to preclude rupture or explosion of the cell container
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-41
subclassOf	Component

---

Prismatic

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_6775b232_c58a_4303_8164_137261329db6

elucidation	a form factor describing a prismatic cell, which has the shape of a rectangular prism
subclassOf	FormFactor

---

PrismaticCase

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_43cd6e14_dd43_41b5_b5b4_344d53841603

elucidation	a rigid prismatic case that is described by characteristic length, width, and height
restrictions	hasConstituent some CellLid hasConstituent some CellCan
subclassOf	Case
subclasses	electrochemistry.P12103310, electrochemistry.P2770131, electrochemistry.P1714891, electrochemistry.P2117385, electrochemistry.P21148128, electrochemistry.P2714898, electrochemistry.P29135214, electrochemistry.P45173225, electrochemistry.P32173225, electrochemistry.P45173115, electrochemistry.P1868107, electrochemistry.P1212080, MonoblocContainer, electrochemistry.P1865140, electrochemistry.P1212085, electrochemistry.P20100141, electrochemistry.P2770102, electrochemistry.P1312085, electrochemistry.P32173115, electrochemistry.P27148129, electrochemistry.P4014895, electrochemistry.P1212081, electrochemistry.P2770120, electrochemistry.P2714891

Note

often represented in cell designations by the letter P

---

ProtonInsertionElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_11a774f3_d20a_4741_bd81_cae53230bd0c

elucidation	an insertion electrode in which the guest molecule is a proton (hydrogen)
subclassOf	InsertionElectrode

---

R1025

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e73cb0b7_e2af_4c1a_b05b_503df25a8bf5

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 10.0 mm and a height of 2.5 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R11108

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_dac5067c_e6f2_4fca_a915_5b7b918ca1c4

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 11.6 mm and a height of 10.8 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R1121

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_31b7ac6a_b1eb_45e7_a075_b6063080c949

altLabel	R55
elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 11.6 mm and a height of 2.1 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R1126

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_cf6eebea_24f6_48d2_8389_65eba0393762

altLabel	R56
elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 11.6 mm and a height of 2.6 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R1130

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_39c6f5a0_5dc8_4112_b432_b9fece568ca2

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 11.5 mm and a height of 3.0 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R1131

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b442217f_02f6_4991_aadf_22d81369223c

altLabel	R54
elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 11.6 mm and a height of 3.1 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R1136

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_21eef598_0799_4cb1_b2d5_6e072a8579a3

altLabel	R42
elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 11.6 mm and a height of 3.6 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R1142

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_abffe8cd_14d3_4437_84e6_5dfc61b057e8

altLabel	R43
elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 11.6 mm and a height of 4.2 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R1154

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_fe054d02_41c7_40e9_8206_3440ab6a67b2

altLabel	R44
elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 11.6 mm and a height of 5.4 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R1216

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_36e05f2f_d279_4816_b5ae_6bb4cef02736

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 12.5 mm and a height of 1.6 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R1220

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_296b95b0_c4cb_45db_a8ca_f638379870c4

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 12.5 mm and a height of 2.0 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R1225

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f7e253da_b12e_40b0_ba51_8cb039839ab6

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 12.05 mm and a height of 2.5 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R1511

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ce4352a7_f0b1_4f27_9184_6deebf8bbe96

altLabel	R52
elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 15.8 mm and a height of 11.1 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R1616

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d5f67a0c_ed56_479d_9b68_6003142f98b0

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 16.0 mm and a height of 1.6 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R1632

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f2cf71c1_f2d7_4131_82e0_2701cdecea55

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 16.0 mm and a height of 3.2 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R18650

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_3d2f9945_2319_4a08_899b_6a5ffabd4925

altLabel	R18/65; R1865
elucidation	a cylindrical case with a nominal diameter of 18 mm and height of 65 mm
subclassOf	CylindricalCase

---

R19660

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9dc236d9_c962_4fcc_94db_911a25241472

altLabel	R19/66
elucidation	a cylindrical case with a nominal diameter of 19 mm and height of 66 mm
subclassOf	CylindricalCase

---

R2012

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9c0e683b_40d7_4786_b31f_910dd68b2ea8

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 20.0 mm and a height of 1.2 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R2016

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_30c8fb1b_3c75_49f5_9395_c15dfaf71b12

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 20.0 mm and a height of 1.6 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

Note

often used in wrist watches

---

R2020

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9017b8b9_e21e_4961_a3c1_c0aeef3fe795

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 20.0 mm and a height of 2.0 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R2025

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9ceffffd_b918_48c2_aad9_5db16fa6149d

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 20.0 mm and a height of 2.5 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

Note

often used in wrist watches and automobile remotes

---

R2032

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_94497aca_52a0_48e3_9b76_157b050e35b3

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 20.0 mm and a height of 3.2 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

Note

very common case for lithim metal cells

---

R2040

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_fab4bd12_c4ed_417a_92a3_bcb109000d82

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 20.0 mm and a height of 4.0 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R2050

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_400cb3e0_27b5_4d9a_be80_f86ad2757763

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 20.0 mm and a height of 5.0 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R21700

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_3b048a62_8591_4bf1_8fac_3d647beb9323

altLabel	R21/70; R2170
elucidation	a cylindrical case with a nominal diameter of 21 mm and height of 70 mm
subclassOf	CylindricalCase

---

R2320

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_fbf40756_3265_4468_bcdb_88d162afc539

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 23.0 mm and a height of 2.0 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R2325

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0689e6fc_cda7_4e04_b1eb_41459a0a4736

altLabel	R23/3
elucidation	a coin cell case with a nominal diameter of 23.0 mm and a height of 2.5 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R2330

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_11579b47_cbf8_45ac_aed3_343ea533b346

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 23.0 mm and a height of 3.0 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R2335

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_885ffc4d_2b29_42d6_8597_6fc879c21d60

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 23.0 mm and a height of 3.5 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R2354

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_af92a3ae_e870_4676_9ae7_cda277b1e6e1

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 23.0 mm and a height of 5.4 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R2412

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a4e7c3d6_45bd_402a_962f_5d4b88af84ff

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 24.5 mm and a height of 1.2 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R2430

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_11e9f765_4fea_456b_bd8e_4624b9c752ae

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 24.5 mm and a height of 3.0 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R2450

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_aaafc5d6_050a_4c51_b1ca_db5839aad4de

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 24.5 mm and a height of 5.0 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R2477

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a87d4b9d_ba91_4549_aed4_508d1160c0c0

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 24.5 mm and a height of 7.7 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R26650

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_95d841eb_2002_4411_9f8e_927d6c60e4b3

altLabel	R26/65
elucidation	a cylindrical case with a nominal diameter of 26 mm and height of 65 mm
subclassOf	CylindricalCase

---

R26700

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f2251de5_0a7d_4887_8bd1_c906db84abee

altLabel	R26/70
elucidation	a cylindrical case with a nominal diameter of 26 mm and height of 70 mm
subclassOf	CylindricalCase

---

R27660

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_6ee40e33_ccbf_410e_a8fa_047a9eae0362

altLabel	R27/66
elucidation	a cylindrical case with a nominal diameter of 27 mm and height of 66 mm
subclassOf	CylindricalCase

---

R3032

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_99475d6c_304c_4d6b_9eca_fbc42f768be5

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 30.0 mm and a height of 3.2 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R32134

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c066bf32_ed62_4a11_bf4f_25fe6e8e68b5

altLabel	R32/134
elucidation	a cylindrical case with a nominal diameter of 32 mm and height of 134 mm
subclassOf	CylindricalCase

---

R32700

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ad9cdad6_66e8_471e_a7c6_b79f37c20814

altLabel	R32/70
elucidation	a cylindrical case with a nominal diameter of 32 mm and height of 70 mm
subclassOf	CylindricalCase

---

R38136

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f58476a9_f008_4502_ac94_2f1ebbce1fe3

altLabel	R38/136
elucidation	a cylindrical case with a nominal diameter of 38 mm and height of 136 mm
subclassOf	CylindricalCase

---

R38138

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_169fb6e4_cbed_4b00_ace0_8731123a35b4

altLabel	R38/138
elucidation	a cylindrical case with a nominal diameter of 38 mm and height of 138 mm
subclassOf	CylindricalCase

---

R40108

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_56177336_3ae5_48cb_93ca_a8c73216ea73

altLabel	R40/108
elucidation	a cylindrical case with a nominal diameter of 40 mm and height of 108 mm
subclassOf	CylindricalCase

---

R40920

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_6eaa3c0d_e1f3_4c6e_91a6_9b8c5a21b8cb

altLabel	R40/92
elucidation	a cylindrical case with a nominal diameter of 40 mm and height of 92 mm
subclassOf	CylindricalCase

---

R416

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_027d437e_3bbf_4eda_940b_e509f8d2b993

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 4.8 mm and a height of 1.6 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R46800

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1afa2c7e_6ddd_4a9b_9623_40975131a304

altLabel	R46/80; R4680
elucidation	a cylindrical case with a nominal diameter of 46 mm and height of 80 mm
subclassOf	CylindricalCase

---

R512

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_94209cd8_f68f_40e6_ac70_cfb97a16e593

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 5.8 mm and a height of 1.3 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R516

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_76318e8e_c1ba_49ac_8029_a951bd9dc955

altLabel	R62
elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 5.8 mm and a height of 1.6 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R521

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0a5038d4_24af_4ea8_8d56_a156faeb98e2

altLabel	R63
elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 5.8 mm and a height of 2.1 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R527

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b56a95e6_eea5_4a58_99aa_045fd28e75d3

altLabel	R64
elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 5.8 mm and a height of 2.7 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R54137

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_69e59b3d_b19d_4f8e_8b9c_84eb64307626

altLabel	R54/137
elucidation	a cylindrical case with a nominal diameter of 54 mm and height of 137 mm
subclassOf	CylindricalCase

---

R54215

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_fc9e7ba3_5084_4c2a_b488_c6a96af99232

altLabel	R54/215
elucidation	a cylindrical case with a nominal diameter of 54 mm and height of 215 mm
subclassOf	CylindricalCase

---

R616

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_dc019f3f_e5f3_4eeb_bab9_a845a02223a0

altLabel	R65
elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 6.8 mm and a height of 1.65 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R621

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_15ec346a_6d3c_4161_95e1_9cf889965f85

altLabel	R60
elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 6.8 mm and a height of 2.1 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R626

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_68c1c36e_1548_4247_bae2_fe7102a2c4ff

altLabel	R66
elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 6.8 mm and a height of 2.6 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R626

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_6b275583_433f_46f7_aafd_ebc9409257cc

altLabel	R66
elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 6.8 mm and a height of 2.6 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

Note

often used in wrist watches

---

R712

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_bb2faf17_b819_4876_b17f_fa82917cf85d

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 7.9 mm and a height of 1.3 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R716

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_34cb7ea7_2436_46e0_806e_a3c7835ae228

altLabel	R67
elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 7.9 mm and a height of 1.65 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R721

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_3279f575_1c62_4bf2_a6e8_de4c7ff36f8e

altLabel	R58
elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 7.9 mm and a height of 2.1 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R726

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_06db7d9e_d224_4360_b926_734f0349d396

altLabel	R59
elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 7.9 mm and a height of 2.6 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R731

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_88100e2c_0f6e_4483_afbf_30029a6702c6

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 7.9 mm and a height of 3.1 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R736

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0c09df01_b251_4f75_b6e3_2578ba1a10c9

altLabel	R41
elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 7.9 mm and a height of 3.6 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R754

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_028069a2_4e03_409e_8af2_4c8df32b5c5e

altLabel	R48
elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 7.9 mm and a height of 5.4 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R9

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e0869e7a_36fe_4e33_9843_a5dc19fcb488

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 15.5 mm and a height of 6.0 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R916

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ebf314c7_81ad_4d77_9da4_b454520fda0e

altLabel	R68
elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 9.5 mm and a height of 1.6 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R921

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_eb1c9aa3_ad4f_4f2a_80f6_d6c8a8bc0d9a

altLabel	R69
elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 9.5 mm and a height of 2.1 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R926

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a277e420_2483_44d5_a2bc_4e421dea231a

altLabel	R57
elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 9.5 mm and a height of 2.6 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R927

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_387e1e59_e511_4acb_b5ec_fa7360ec7557

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 9.5 mm and a height of 2.7 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

R932

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9a23f61b_fef0_40f8_84f9_2057f90f6a95

elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 9.3 mm and a height of 3.2 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

Note

8 of these in series are used to form an A23 battery

Note

rarely used independently

---

R936

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d67a0921_15e4_4c73_804e_97b2d66452b8

altLabel	R45
elucidation	a coin case with a nominal diameter of 9.5 mm and a height of 3.6 mm
subclassOf	CoinCase

---

RectangularElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_14377ecb_5ead_431e_831e_159d622bd0ea

elucidation	an electrode in the shape of a rectangle
restrictions	hasProperty some Length hasProperty some Width
subclassOf	Electrode

---

RedoxReaction

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_2d366f85_a644_4b3e_a641_fce81e72d158

altLabel	Redox
elucidation	a chemical reaction involving a change in oxidation state of one or more atomic centers through electron transfer or an equivalent formal process
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redox
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82682
subclassOf	ChemicalReaction
subclasses	ElectrochemicalReaction, Oxidation, Reduction

Note

Redox reactions include both electrochemical and non-electrochemical processes; when the electron transfer occurs across an electrode–electrolyte interface the reaction is electrochemical.

---

Reduction

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_109a38d4_daaa_4748_a803_044fb7c97673

altLabel	ReductionReaction
elucidation	chemical reaction in which oxygen is removed from an oxide, implying a transfer of electrons from the oxygen atoms, or, more generally, in which a substance gains electrons
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/R05222
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-02-16
subclassOf	RedoxReaction
subclasses	CathodicReaction

Note

Electrons are generally transferred from another substance by an oxidation reaction.

---

ReferenceElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_7729c34e_1ae9_403d_b933_1765885e7f29

elucidation	Electrode with a well-defined and constant equilibrium potential with respect to which it is possible to measure or calculate electrode potentials of other electrodes by including them in an appropriate electrochemical cell.
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/R05229
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_electrode
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-03-15
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653954
subclassOf	NonPolarizableElectrode
subclasses	SaturatedCalomelElectrode, NormalHydrogenElectrode, SilverChlorideElectrode, ReversibleHydrogenElectrode, StandardHydrogenElectrode

Note

Electrode that maintains an essentially constant potential under the conditions prevailing in an electrochemical measurement, and that serves for observation, measurement, or control of the potential of the indicator or working electrode.

Note

In potentiometry, under zero current condition, the essentially constant potential is achieved by ensuring a constant composition of solution in contact with the electrode forming a half-cell. Practical reference half-cells are generally non-polarizable electrodes of the 2nd kind (metal | insoluble salt | ion), constructed so that their electrolyte solutions serve as salt bridges to the solutions under investigation.

Note

“Double” junction reference electrodes are recommended when the reference electrolyte contains interfering components.

Example

The standard hydrogen electrode represents the primary standard in electrochemistry. Elec- trodes of the 2nd kind, such as Ag | AgCl, Hg | Hg2, Cl2, Hg | Hg2SO4, and Hg | HgO, can be used as reference electrodes in aqueous solutions containing ions Cl^{−}, SO_4^{2−}, and OH^{−}, respectively.

---

ReversibleHydrogenElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0d9ba00d_04bc_4bdc_85af_3380694f6f68

elucidation	a practical hydrogen electrode whose potential depends on the pH of the solution
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversible_hydrogen_electrode
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900576
subclassOf	ReferenceElectrode

---

RhodiumBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_399b10cd_8a2e_47be_96b8_295890bd2460

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of rhodium or rhodium compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode

---

RotatingDiskElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_6c421175_477f_45e0_8b6c_c3464f5351c5

altLabel	RDE
elucidation	A disc electrode that is embedded in the centre of a cylinder which rotates in solution around the longitudinal cylinder axis.
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotating_disk_electrode
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3587619
subclassOf	RoundElectrode
subclasses	RotatingRingDiskElectrode

Note

The current is directly proportional to the electrode area and the electrode is uniformly accessible.

Note

The limiting current is given by the Levich equation.

---

RotatingRingDiskElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_7f4d74cd_d0a5_4908_9da9_7629fe419917

altLabel	RRDE
elucidation	a second annular working electrode positioned concentric with a rotating disc electrode to make a rotating ring-disc electrode (RRDE)
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotating_ring-disk_electrode
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5829908
restrictions	hasConstituent some AnnularWorkingElectrode
subclassOf	RotatingDiskElectrode

Note

This arrangement is largely used in mechanistic studies.

---

RoundCase

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_eacb141f_6ab4_491f_8603_a3e025cefc82

elucidation	a case that is described by its diameter and height
restrictions	hasConstituent some CellLid hasConstituent some CellCan
subclassOf	Case
subclasses	CoinCase, CylindricalCase

Note

often represented in cell designations by the letter R

---

RoundElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a8bfac4f_3f30_4e6d_8d8e_34b1eeecb614

elucidation	an electrode in the shape of a circle
subclassOf	Electrode
subclasses	RotatingDiskElectrode

---

RutheniumBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_7ffe1cb6_f87e_4b4a_8ce7_c98e2a584cb1

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of ruthenium or ruthenium compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode

---

RutheniumOxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_10a91aba_da41_4309_a926_ddc0f285c2c1

altLabel	RuO2Electrode
elucidation	electrode in which the active material is ruthenium oxide
subclassOf	MetalOxideElectrode

---

SaltBridge

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_637c576e_a50e_47ae_8c74_2024ce4c6d0f

elucidation	means of making electrolytic connection between two half cells without introducing a significant liquid junction potential.
dbpediaReference	https://dbpedia.org/page/Salt_bridge
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_bridge
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899119
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalComponent

Note

A typical construction is a tube of an inert material (e.g. agar agar) filled with a solution containing an electrolyte with approximately equal ion mobilities of the cation and the anion (e.g., KNO3, KCl), with the ends of the tube immersed in the electrolyte solution of the half cells.

---

SaturatedCalomelElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_82b66bfe_ec25_417b_ba65_b631ddaaca0e

elucidation	A reference electrode based on the reaction between elemental mercury and mercury(I) chloride.
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturated_calomel_electrode
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898591
subclassOf	ReferenceElectrode

---

SaturatedSolution

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_27a81a51_e8d7_42fb_834f_0d068fa45d89

elucidation	solution which has the same concentration of a solute as one that is in equilibrium with undissolved solute at specified values of the temperature and pressure
iupacReference	https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05471
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-14
subclassOf	Solution

---

SealedCell

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_8d3bf304_78e4_4e99_abe1_6ab429e44ed1

elucidation	cell which remains closed and does not release either gas or liquid when operated within the limits specified by the manufacturer
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-05-17
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalDevice

Note

a sealed cell may be equipped with a safety device to prevent a dangerously high internal pressure and is designed to operate during its life in its original sealed state

---

Seawater

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1c0c8f43_7349_4646_94e3_c36727c5c2e3

elucidation	a naturally occuring solution of salts (mostly NaCl) dissolved in water
subclassOf	NearNeutralElectrolyte

---

SelfDischarging

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_444992e5_43f8_44a1_9767_b408dbe54330

elucidation	phenomenon by which a cell or battery loses energy in other ways than by discharge into an external circuit
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-discharge
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-27
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1418367
subclassOf	CapacityFade

---

Separator

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_331e6cca_f260_4bf8_af55_35304fe1bbe0

altLabel	ElectrochemicalSeparator
elucidation	in an electrochemical cell, device made of insulating material permeable to the ions of the electrolyte and prohibiting totally or partially the mixing of the substances on both sides.
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separator_(electricity)
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-03-17; https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-11
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1718181
restrictions	hasProperty some Porosity hasProperty some Thickness
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalComponent
subclasses	AsymmetricMembrane, IonExchangeMembrane, PorousSeparator, GlassFibreSeparator

Note

Membranes and diaphragms are special forms of electrochemical separators.

---

SeriesConnection

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_8c71739c_27c1_4d19_a0ff_02545296af43

elucidation	arrangement of cells or batteries wherein the positive terminal of each cell or battery is connected to the negative terminal of the next cell or battery in sequence.
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-41
subclassOf	Assembled

---

SeriesParallelConnection

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_bed5b5f9_b89d_45e3_a8c2_81b70ae21847

elucidation	arrangement of cells or batteries wherein in series connected cells or batteries are connected in parallel.
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-42
subclassOf	Assembled

---

SideReaction

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f47611a2_e081_47f0_b287_3fda5f706154

altLabel	SecondaryReaction
elucidation	chemical reaction which occurs in addition to the main process
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side_reaction
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-02-06; https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-13
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22117434
subclassOf	ChemicalReaction
subclasses	ParasiticReaction

Caution

Side reactions can lead to degradation, gas formation, or loss of active material.

---

SiliconBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_79e12290_d1e5_4c41_916c_18f1e4d7fb51

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of silicon or silicon compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode

---

SiliconGraphiteElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e8c39ecc_29d1_4172_996e_d5b05dc88015

elucidation	an electrode with blended silicon and graphite active materials
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some Silicon hasActiveMaterial some Graphite
subclassOf	BlendedActiveElectrode

---

SiliconOxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4143b1c2_2d21_419e_af45_247d4c78ce7e

elucidation	electrode in which the active material is silicon oxide
subclassOf	MetalOxideElectrode

---

SiliconOxideGraphiteElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_2fd5964b_0c65_4413_8b8c_849639e6d1e7

elucidation	an electrode with blended silicon oxide and graphite active materials
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some Graphite
subclassOf	BlendedActiveElectrode

---

SilverBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f897db90_afd6_42e7_8d1f_0fcba856e45a

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of silver or silver compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode
subclasses	SilverElectrode

---

SilverChlorideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_6ec59f99_5f26_4a7d_9b90_b52e0f8ad190

elucidation	A type of reference electrode based on the reaction between sliver and silver chloride.
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_chloride_electrode
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900939
subclassOf	ReferenceElectrode

---

SilverElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a462859d_d8bd_48ea_8bde_1576f1248a1e

altLabel	AgElectrode
elucidation	electrode in the form of foil, mesh, wire, rod, tube, powder, pellets, or single crystal of silver
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20851418
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some Silver
subclassOf	SilverBasedElectrode

Note

Ag electrodes were first used in potentiometry for the determination of Cl−, Br−, I−, as well as for Ag+ ions, to which they are sensitive.

---

SilverOxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a3745142_b97a_4e19_b7ed_03599f56e81d

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of manganese dioxide or vmanganese dioxide compounds
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some SilverIOxide
subclassOf	MetalOxideElectrode

Note

the combination with zinc metal and an alkali metal hydoxide electrolyte is designated using IEC electrochemical system letter code S

---

SingleCoatedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_418c59bd_dc9d_438b_bc7c_494fbd1bb4f8

elucidation	an electrode that is coated on only one side of the current collector
illustration
subclassOf	CoatedElectrode

---

SodiumBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_df4dd678_9642_47c9_84dd_4bb09f369f53

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of sodium or sodium compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode

---

SodiumChromiumOxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f8f81b27_1d6c_42d8_a7e9_5a2534102562

elucidation	electrode in which the active material is sodium chromium oxide
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some SodiumChromiumOxide
subclassOf	MetalOxideElectrode

---

SodiumCobaltOxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ee0278fb_932d_48cd_a20a_c1b89b29d68b

elucidation	electrode in which the active material is sodium cobalt oxide
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some SodiumCobaltOxide
subclassOf	CobaltBasedElectrode, MetalOxideElectrode

---

SodiumCobaltPhosphateElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9e24d403_8531_416e_a9ec_d1ec5508bcb1

elucidation	electrode in which the active material is sodium cobalt phosphate
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some SodiumCobaltPhosphate
subclassOf	CobaltBasedElectrode, MetalOxideElectrode

---

SodiumHydroxideSolution

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ebd01982_6b0c_48e7_90ef_7b7342009449

altLabel	AqueousSodiumHydroxideSolution; NaOHSolution
elucidation	a solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) dissolved in water (H2O)
subclassOf	AlkalineElectrolyte

---

SodiumInsertionElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d936c767_1530_419c_93f4_59e08f0d702c

elucidation	an insertion electrode in which the guest molecule is sodium
subclassOf	InsertionElectrode

---

SodiumIronHexacyanoferrateElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_8968eb7a_9a65_4286_a596_c31b998df329

elucidation	electrode in which the active material is sodium iron hexacyanoferrate
subclassOf	MetalOxideElectrode

---

SodiumIronPhosphateElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_502a98a3_ce47_421f_8e0a_016ed171c900

elucidation	electrode in which the active material is sodium iron phosphate
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some SodiumIronPhosphate
subclassOf	IronPhosphateBasedElectrode, MetalOxideElectrode

---

SodiumManganeseHexacyanoferrateElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4edb47d6_107c_40a2_be7c_6b26e9d296da

elucidation	electrode in which the active material is sodium manganese hexacyanoferrate
subclassOf	ManganeseBasedElectrode, MetalOxideElectrode

---

SodiumManganeseOxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e8d9e091_a56d_4a24_a305_d1bac55cfce3

elucidation	electrode in which the active material is sodium manganese oxide
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some SodiumManganeseOxide
subclassOf	ManganeseBasedElectrode, MetalOxideElectrode

---

SodiumManganesePhosphateElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_cc0468a2_1851_4d3d_92a6_b4059db0c056

elucidation	electrode in which the active material is sodium manganese phosphate
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some SodiumManganesePhosphate
subclassOf	ManganesePhosphateBasedElectrode, MetalOxideElectrode

---

SodiumMetatitanateElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_103c9e6c_9c26_430a_9fb9_f4f041e970b0

elucidation	electrode in which the active material is sodium metatitanate
subclassOf	TitaniumBasedElectrode, MetalOxideElectrode

---

SodiumNickelPhosphateElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4a13e538_4c08_4ba9_8ebc_98a866208e01

elucidation	electrode in which the active material is sodium nickel phosphate
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some SodiumNickelPhosphate
subclassOf	NickelBasedElectrode, MetalOxideElectrode

---

SodiumTitaniumOxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c5f51531_1452_4654_82e5_0505491c2c7d

elucidation	electrode in which the active material is sodium titanium oxide
subclassOf	TitaniumBasedElectrode, MetalOxideElectrode

---

SodiumTitaniumPhosphateElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_cff80dd5_19a9_4357_8fb9_410a978153e2

elucidation	electrode in which the active material is sodium titanium phosphate
subclassOf	TitaniumBasedElectrode, MetalOxideElectrode

---

SolidAmalgamElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_65c90d8d_9712_4f3f_b830_d8163ec4cfcc

altLabel	SAE
elucidation	electrode made of a solid amalgam of an appropriate metal
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some Mercury
subclassOf	MetalElectrode

Note

Liquid and paste amalgams can also be used.

Note

Solid amalgam electrodes are electrochemically similar to the hanging mercury drop electrode. Their main advantages are high hydrogen overpotential (similar to liquid mercury); a wide working potential range; the simple mechanical, chemical, and electrochemical regeneration of the surface; a long lifetime; low toxicity of material (comparable with that of dental amalgams); applicability for field measurements; compatibility with flow-through systems; simple construction, without mobile parts; and easy miniaturization.

---

SolidElectrolyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0508a114_544a_4f54_a7de_9b947fb4b618

altLabel	FastIonConductor; SolidStateElectrolyte
definition	a solid electrolyte is a solid material where the predominant charge carriers are ions.
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_ion_conductor
subclassOf	Electrolyte

Example

NASICON (Na Super Ionic Conductor), which has the general formula Na1+xZr2P3-xSix O12 , 0 < x < 3.

---

SolidElectrolyteInterphase

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ecf136cb_2584_4cb1_98b7_2d2b3d22e40d

altLabel	SEI
elucidation	an interfacial layer that forms between an electrode phase and and electrolyte phase, due to the decomposition of the electrolyte
subclassOf	PassivationLayer
subclasses	CathodeElectrolyteInterphase

Note

although the definition could apply to any electrode, it is conventionally used to describe interfacial layers that form on the anode of an electrochemical cell.

---

SpaceChargeLayer

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e3f6eacc_f661_404e_ac16_45d2fa1f5d89

altLabel	DepletionLayer; DepletionRegion; DepletionZone; JunctionRegion; SpaceChargeRegion
elucidation	an interphase formed when two materials with different chemical potentials are brought in contact with each other, and the atoms or electrons are unable to migrate to establish local charge neutrality
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depletion_region
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-02-82
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288224
subclassOf	InterfacialRegion

---

Spacer

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_49909cd1_44f4_41b4_877a_82a52845a5cb

elucidation	component of a cell made of insulating material intended to maintain the spacing between plates of opposite polarity or between the plate pack and the case
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-10
subclassOf	Component

---

Spring

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_872b11e1_8bb3_4a2a_af90_bbaa0055d01e

elucidation	an elastic device
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_(device)
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102836
subclassOf	Component
subclasses	BellevilleWasher, WaveSpring

---

StandardHydrogenElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_2a40b878_7d09_49db_91b2_d0ee30192284

altLabel	SHE
elucidation	for solutions in protic solvents, the universal reference electrode for which, under standard conditions, the standard electrode potential (H+ / H2) is zero at all temperatures
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05917
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_hydrogen_electrode
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898559
subclassOf	ReferenceElectrode

Note

Potential of a platinum electrode in a theoretical ideal solution (the current standard for zero potential for all temperatures)

---

SternModel

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_aa5ed981_c11b_4c4f_b1fd_8c432e009484

elucidation	describes the double layer as divided into two parts separated by the Stern plane, located about one hydrated ion radius from the electrode surface
subclassOf	DoubleLayerModel

Note

proposed by Otto Stern in 1924

---

StoichiometricEquation

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1e72986e_e19f_4c24_8663_cadd4318bd72

altLabel	ChemicalEquation; ChemicalReactionEquation
elucidation	the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the form of symbols and formulae, wherein the reactant entities are given on the left-hand side and the product entities on the right-hand side
iupacReference	https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01034
dbpediaReference	https://dbpedia.org/page/Chemical_equation
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_equation
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182527
subclassOf	Mathematical, ChemicalSymbolicConstruct

---

StrontiumBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_46ac0fd3_2b8e_40aa_bf5d_19cf1dd39052

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of strontium or strontium compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode

---

SulfurBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_88d2d4bc_4244_4419_a260_ad099a62d580

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of sulfur or sulfur compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode
subclasses	ThionylChlorideElectrode

---

SulfuricAcidSolution

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_334b3acd_e35d_4d5a_b8b5_6d13cbebbc57

elucidation	a solution of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) dissolved in water (H2O)
subclassOf	AcidicElectrolyte

---

Supercapacitor

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_dc6abae7_39b0_4d22_b52e_14d088a4bd5f

altLabel	Supercap
elucidation	type of capacitor characterized by high capacitance, high specific and volumetric energy density, and low voltage limits
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercapacitor
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-03-03
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754523
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalDevice
subclasses	ElectrochemicalPseudocapacitor, ElectrochemicalDoubleLayerCapacitor

---

SupportingElectrolyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1fc5642c_b7b2_43bf_ad20_f96001db8800

altLabel	BaseElectrolyte; IndifferentElectrolyte; InertElectrolyte
elucidation	electrolyte solution, the ions of which are electroinactive in the range of applied potential being studied, and whose ionic strength (and, therefore, contribution to the overall conductivity) is usually much greater than the concentration of an electroactive substance to be dissolved in it.
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S06149
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supporting_electrolyte
subclassOf	ElectrolyteSolution

---

SwagelokCase

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_cd1b7943_42ce_46bd_8588_1c3161268270

elucidation	a container for an electrochemical cell manufactured by the company Swagelok
subclassOf	Case

---

Terminal

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_3f70e5c5_67f0_483e_998b_b83b7739c4bc

elucidation	conductive part of a device, electric circuit or electric network, provided for connecting that device, electric circuit or electric network to one or more external conductors
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-22
subclassOf	Component
subclasses	NegativeTerminal, PositiveTerminal

---

TerminalProtector

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_60bc27f0_8290_4113_8c3b_011433a733c7

altLabel	TerminalCover
elucidation	cover of insulating material used to avoid electric contact with the cell or battery terminal
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-23
subclassOf	Component

---

ThermalRunaway

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_04f28ce3_251d_429e_aa85_ab3eb45bbcd2

elucidation	unstable condition arising during constant voltage charge in which the rate of heat dissipation capability, causing a continuous temperature increase with resulting further charge current increase, which can lead to the destruction of the battery
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-05-54
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalPhenomenon

Note

in lithium batteries thermal runaway may cause melting of lithium

---

ThermogalvanicCell

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_113e0469_8ae0_407f_892d_4b988f8d8a08

altLabel	Thermocell
elucidation	electrochemical cell that has two half-cells separated by a wall permeable to ions, both containing the same electrolyte differing only in their temperatures.
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermogalvanic_cell
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-03-09
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25304247
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalDevice

---

ThionylChlorideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4977521c_0438_4659_bc81_1c77fae836bb

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of thionyl chloride
subclassOf	SulfurBasedElectrode

Note

the combination with lithium metal and non-aqueous in-organic electrolyte is designated using IEC electrochemical system letter code E

---

ThreeElectrodeElectrochemicalCell

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b9bece97_a511_4cb9_88a2_b5bd5c5e5d74

elucidation	electrochemical cell with a working electrode, reference electrode, and auxiliary electrode
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalCell

Note

Electric current flows between the working and auxiliary electrodes. Electrode potential may be measured between the working and reference electrodes.

Note

The working electrode is the site of interest where the electrochemical process occurs, the reference electrode provides a stable potential, and the auxiliary (counter) electrode completes the circuit.

Tip

A potentiostat can be used to maintain a potential difference between the working and reference electrodes.

---

TinBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a10ede13_c895_4f56_a728_b1aab512b31b

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of tin or tin compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode

---

TitaniumBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d90221a0_0da7_4876_9cac_0e943e445f6f

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of titanium or titanium compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode

---

TitaniumBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9c557caa_61e2_4fa9_a517_4bad01a68122

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of titanium or titanium compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode
subclasses	SodiumTitaniumPhosphateElectrode, SodiumTitaniumOxideElectrode, LithiumTitanateElectrode, SodiumMetatitanateElectrode, TitaniumDioxideElectrode

Note

often represented in cell designations by the letter T

Note

this class is intended to enable designations based on IEC recommendations

---

TitaniumDioxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_76fe8fb2_868e_48eb_95ca_fc6acd6f5fc9

altLabel	TiO2Electrode
elucidation	electrode in which the active material is titanium dioxide
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some TitaniumDioxide
subclassOf	TitaniumBasedElectrode, MetalOxideElectrode

---

TrasattiBuzzancaModel

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f57a7dac_2ec2_4d51_b697_01a844c4467f

elucidation	considers the effects of specific adsorbed ions in the double layer
subclassOf	DoubleLayerModel

Note

proposed by Sergio Trasatti and Giovanni Buzzanca in 1971

---

TubularPlate

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_6b1f594f_2c0a_46a0_8805_d6ab08baa75e

elucidation	positive plate (electrode) which is either composed of an assembly of porous tube of perforated metal or tissue either a gauntlet with or without a central current collector spine, the active material being placed within the tubes
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-07
subclassOf	PositiveElectrode

---

TungstenBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c5fd7b61_40f1_4225_a173_5caa3c5f4773

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of tungsten or tungsten compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode

---

TungstenOxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_3fdc81d5_eef3_4408_a6e4_3c51c5b1c8dc

altLabel	WO3Electrode
elucidation	electrode in which the active material is tungsten oxide
subclassOf	MetalOxideElectrode

---

Valve

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a2f4dca3_829f_412b_9025_bd7581aad82a

elucidation	component of a cell which permits the flow of gas in one direction only
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-12
subclassOf	Component

Note

a valve has a characteristic venting or opening and closing pressure

---

VanadiumBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0ee59786_b090_444d_a46d_505797d07ca4

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of vanadium or vanadium compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode
subclasses	LithiumVanadiumOxideElectrode

Note

often represented in IEC cell designations by the letter V

Note

this class is intended to enable designations based on IEC recommendations

---

VentCap

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_cc1f854a_ba6c_436e_bd18_c8b9159bbf52

elucidation	component fitted into the filling hole of a cell with a provision of allowing the venting of electrolysis gas from the cell¨
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-05-23
subclassOf	Component

---

VentedCell

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ec1dce8b_bb46_41a9_b532_6bed381aa557

elucidation	secondary cell having a cover provided with an opening through which products of electrolysis and evaporation are allowed to escape freely from the cell to the atmosphere
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-05-14
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalDevice

---

WaveSpring

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_6385e07f_f40d_46b2_b998_c439950d75cb

elucidation	a spring made of pre-hardened flat wire, formed into a wavy washer shape
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_spring
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11288626
subclassOf	Spring

---

WorkingElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_fb988878_ee54_4350_9ee9_228c00c3ad35

elucidation	electrode at which one or more electroactive substances undergo reaction in the solution being investigated
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/W06686
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_electrode
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477099
subclassOf	Electrode
subclasses	AnnularWorkingElectrode

Note

If processes of interest occur both at the anode and the cathode of a cell (as in differential amperometry or controlled-current potentiometric titration with two indicator electrodes), the cell should be said to comprise two indicator or working electrodes.

Note

Te potential of a working electrode is controlled with respect to the reference electrode.

Note

This term is typically used in voltammetry, polarography, amperometry, and coulometry.

---

WovenMesh

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_3a69a00e_235a_4948_b369_8ac20116c85e

elucidation	a fabric-like structure created by interweaving wires or fibres in an over-under pattern, commonly used for filtration, screening, and reinforcement due to its high strength and durability
subclassOf	ManufacturedMaterial

---

ZincBasedElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d0a26dc2_fde9_4a11_ac26_7c18499d28a5

elucidation	an electrode in which the primary active material consists of zinc or zinc compounds
subclassOf	ActiveElectrode
subclasses	ZincElectrode

---

ZincChlorideSolution

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_7393f12f_e3b9_42d6_bffb_e5613f53108f

altLabel	AqueousZincChlorideSolution
elucidation	a solution of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) dissolved in water (H2O)
subclassOf	NearNeutralElectrolyte

---

ZincElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_424bf750_7df5_49b5_ba73_ba74397a166b

elucidation	an electrode in which the main active material is zinc metal
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some Zinc
subclassOf	MetalElectrode, ZincBasedElectrode

Note

the combination with manganese dioxide and an alkali metal hydoxide electrolyte is designated using IEC electrochemical system letter code L

Note

the combination with nickel oxide hydroxide and an alkali metal hydoxide electrolyte is designated using IEC electrochemical system letter code Z

Note

the combination with oxygen and an alkali metal hydoxide electrolyte is designated using IEC electrochemical system letter code P

Note

the combination with oxygen and an ammonium chloride zinc chloride electrolyte is designated using IEC electrochemical system letter code A

Note

the combination with silver oxide and an alkali metal hydoxide electrolyte is designated using IEC electrochemical system letter code S

---

ZincInsertionElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_245c9442_ca1d_4070_a624_182b92d30b10

elucidation	an insertion electrode in which the guest molecule is zinc
subclassOf	InsertionElectrode

---

ZincOxideElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_82c70935_0aea_454b_92bf_17fb0b488012

altLabel	ZnOElectrode
elucidation	electrode in which the active material is zinc oxide
restrictions	hasActiveMaterial some ZincOxide
subclassOf	MetalOxideElectrode

---

hasANSICode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_eac15067_9594_4eab_a440_b537b0fd2075

subclassOf

owl.DatatypeProperty

---

hasANSICode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_eac15067_9594_4eab_a440_b537b0fd2075

subclassOf

owl.DatatypeProperty

---

hasActiveMaterial

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_860aa941_5ff9_4452_8a16_7856fad07bee

elucidation	relates an electrode or other functional component to the material that participates directly in the primary electrochemical reaction
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasComponent

---

hasActiveMaterial

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_860aa941_5ff9_4452_8a16_7856fad07bee

elucidation	relates an electrode or other functional component to the material that participates directly in the primary electrochemical reaction
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasComponent

---

hasAdditive

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_7df82c48_b599_4b02_bef0_9facc9c39410

elucidation	relates a component or mixture to an additive that is included in minor quantity to modify physical, chemical, or electrochemical properties
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasComponent
subclasses	hasConductiveAdditive

---

hasAdditive

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_7df82c48_b599_4b02_bef0_9facc9c39410

elucidation	relates a component or mixture to an additive that is included in minor quantity to modify physical, chemical, or electrochemical properties
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasComponent
subclasses	hasConductiveAdditive

---

hasAnolyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0ac306fd_e98b_4af9_8cd6_5ed34f7f7d8a

elucidation	relates a system to the portion of the electrolyte that is in contact with the anode
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasElectrolyte

---

hasAnolyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0ac306fd_e98b_4af9_8cd6_5ed34f7f7d8a

elucidation	relates a system to the portion of the electrolyte that is in contact with the anode
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasElectrolyte

---

hasBinder

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_056a5fab_3d99_46bd_8eb1_6e89a368e1a7

elucidation	relates a composite material or coating to a binder that provides mechanical cohesion and adhesion between its constituents
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasComponent

---

hasBinder

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_056a5fab_3d99_46bd_8eb1_6e89a368e1a7

elucidation	relates a composite material or coating to a binder that provides mechanical cohesion and adhesion between its constituents
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasComponent

---

hasCase

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_3dcfe33d_6825_43c0_a798_68e871a68d39

elucidation	relates a device or assembly to the outer enclosure or housing that provides mechanical protection and containment
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasComponent

---

hasCase

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_3dcfe33d_6825_43c0_a798_68e871a68d39

elucidation	relates a device or assembly to the outer enclosure or housing that provides mechanical protection and containment
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasComponent

---

hasCatholyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b62a6b15_236a_48bf_a323_ccbfc295f934

elucidation	relates a system to the portion of the electrolyte that is in contact with the cathode
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasElectrolyte

---

hasCatholyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b62a6b15_236a_48bf_a323_ccbfc295f934

elucidation	relates a system to the portion of the electrolyte that is in contact with the cathode
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasElectrolyte

---

hasCoating

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4df9926d_d4f2_4955_93f3_a03c5edc5383

elucidation	relates a component to a coating that covers its surface to provide protective, functional, or structural properties
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasConstituent

---

hasCoating

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4df9926d_d4f2_4955_93f3_a03c5edc5383

elucidation	relates a component to a coating that covers its surface to provide protective, functional, or structural properties
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasConstituent

---

hasConductiveAdditive

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c830c469_60c3_4380_8382_4df13a32a1e7

elucidation	relates a component or mixture to an additive that is intendend to increase the conductivity of the whole.
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasAdditive

---

hasConductiveAdditive

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c830c469_60c3_4380_8382_4df13a32a1e7

elucidation	relates a component or mixture to an additive that is intendend to increase the conductivity of the whole.
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasAdditive

---

hasCounterElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e08d43cf_93e4_49c6_bcb6_472be52ae7fc

elucidation	relates an electrochemical cell or setup to the electrode that completes the electrical circuit and serves as a reference or counter to the working electrode
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasElectrode

---

hasCounterElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e08d43cf_93e4_49c6_bcb6_472be52ae7fc

elucidation	relates an electrochemical cell or setup to the electrode that completes the electrical circuit and serves as a reference or counter to the working electrode
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasElectrode

---

hasCurrentCollector

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_cc8c2c5d_cf3d_444d_a7e8_44ec4c06a88e

subclassOf

owl.ObjectProperty, hasComponent

---

hasCurrentCollector

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_cc8c2c5d_cf3d_444d_a7e8_44ec4c06a88e

subclassOf

owl.ObjectProperty, hasComponent

---

hasElectrochemicalCell

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1784d824_15bd_4eff_9e40_61e23be6f979

subclassOf

owl.ObjectProperty, hasComponent

---

hasElectrochemicalCell

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1784d824_15bd_4eff_9e40_61e23be6f979

subclassOf

owl.ObjectProperty, hasComponent

---

hasElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_578c41e9_ee01_4840_9c8c_04ab6e4e6241

elucidation	relates an electrochemical cell or subsystem to an electrode that participates in electron transfer reactions
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasComponent
subclasses	hasPositiveElectrode, hasNegativeElectrode, hasWorkingElectrode, hasReferenceElectrode, hasCounterElectrode

---

hasElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_578c41e9_ee01_4840_9c8c_04ab6e4e6241

elucidation	relates an electrochemical cell or subsystem to an electrode that participates in electron transfer reactions
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasComponent
subclasses	hasPositiveElectrode, hasNegativeElectrode, hasWorkingElectrode, hasReferenceElectrode, hasCounterElectrode

---

hasElectrolyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_3bd08946_4e81_455d_9fca_dc7a5ead9315

elucidation	relates an electrochemical cell or system to the electrolyte that enables ionic conduction between electrodes
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasComponent
subclasses	hasCatholyte, hasAnolyte

---

hasElectrolyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_3bd08946_4e81_455d_9fca_dc7a5ead9315

elucidation	relates an electrochemical cell or system to the electrolyte that enables ionic conduction between electrodes
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasComponent
subclasses	hasCatholyte, hasAnolyte

---

hasFormFactor

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c17b514b_57f2_4f72_9b95_c2950dd2aa7f

subclassOf

owl.ObjectProperty, hasProperty

---

hasFormFactor

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c17b514b_57f2_4f72_9b95_c2950dd2aa7f

subclassOf

owl.ObjectProperty, hasProperty

---

hasIECCode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1f2d401c_eede_4178_9ff5_e5392bc2cb92

subclassOf

owl.DatatypeProperty

---

hasIECCode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1f2d401c_eede_4178_9ff5_e5392bc2cb92

subclassOf

owl.DatatypeProperty

---

hasInsertedEntity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_fd1fae29_a182_4692_98b8_919764b07b00

subclassOf

owl.ObjectProperty, hasConstituent

---

hasInsertedEntity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_fd1fae29_a182_4692_98b8_919764b07b00

subclassOf

owl.ObjectProperty, hasConstituent

---

hasLayer

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_6164a2b0_7fd7_4059_8567_3dcce90b1dec

elucidation	relates a system or component to a layer that forms part of its structural composition, typically distinguished by its material or functional characteristics
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasComponent

---

hasLayer

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_6164a2b0_7fd7_4059_8567_3dcce90b1dec

elucidation	relates a system or component to a layer that forms part of its structural composition, typically distinguished by its material or functional characteristics
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasComponent

---

hasNegativeElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_5d299271_3f68_494f_ab96_3db9acdd3138

elucidation	relates an electrochemical cell to the electrode at which oxidation occurs during discharge
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasElectrode

---

hasNegativeElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_5d299271_3f68_494f_ab96_3db9acdd3138

elucidation	relates an electrochemical cell to the electrode at which oxidation occurs during discharge
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasElectrode

---

hasPositiveElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_8e9cf965_9f92_46e8_b678_b50410ce3616

elucidation	relates an electrochemical cell to the electrode at which reduction occurs during discharge
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasElectrode

---

hasPositiveElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_8e9cf965_9f92_46e8_b678_b50410ce3616

elucidation	relates an electrochemical cell to the electrode at which reduction occurs during discharge
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasElectrode

---

hasReferenceElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_5eb197ea_0c3e_4ea2_8392_81152ee91515

elucidation	relates an electrochemical cell or measurement setup to the electrode that provides a stable reference potential
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasElectrode

---

hasReferenceElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_5eb197ea_0c3e_4ea2_8392_81152ee91515

elucidation	relates an electrochemical cell or measurement setup to the electrode that provides a stable reference potential
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasElectrode

---

hasSeparator

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9317be62_e602_4343_a72d_02c87201b9f6

elucidation	relates a system to a separator that physically divides electrodes while allowing ionic transport
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasComponent

---

hasSeparator

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9317be62_e602_4343_a72d_02c87201b9f6

elucidation	relates a system to a separator that physically divides electrodes while allowing ionic transport
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasComponent

---

hasWorkingElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c76dbfeb_f3d9_44d4_9cbe_0946924f311f

elucidation	relates an electrochemical cell or measurement setup to the electrode at which the primary reaction of interest occurs
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasElectrode

---

hasWorkingElectrode

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c76dbfeb_f3d9_44d4_9cbe_0946924f311f

elucidation	relates an electrochemical cell or measurement setup to the electrode at which the primary reaction of interest occurs
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasElectrode

Electrochemistry Quantities

This electrochemical quantities ontology is a domain of the Elementary Multiperspective Materials Ontology (EMMO). It is a specialized framework designed to represent and organize knowledge about electrochemical quantities. It is designed to integrate with the electrochemistry domain ontology or other ontologies from the EMMO ecosystem. The main focus of this ontology is to provide machine-readable descriptions of common electrochemical quantities, linking both to the larger descriptions of physical quantities in EMMO as well as other sources of information like the IEC, QUDT, Wikidata, etc. It should be used to support linked data generation in the electrochemistry domain.

---

ActivationEnergy

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d7f8cab9_b035_4ecd_be63_292672572526

altLabel	ArrheniusActivationEnergy
elucidation	the activation energy in an arrhenius formulation
iupacReference	https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00102
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activation_energy
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190474
subclassOf	MolarEnergy
subclasses	ActivationEnergyOfElectrolyteConductivity, ActivationEnergyOfGuestDiffusivityInNegativeElectrodeActiveMaterial, ActivationEnergyOfGuestDiffusivityInPositiveElectrodeActiveMaterial, NegativeElectrodeActivationEnergyOfReaction, PostiveElectrodeActivationEnergyOfReaction, ActivationEnergyOfChargeCarrierDiffusivityInElectrolyte

---

ActivationEnergyOfChargeCarrierDiffusivityInElectrolyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_56de36fe_e8e1_486c_8d29_061ac8d28c13

elucidation	the activation energy barrier in an Arrhenius expression for the diffusivity of lithium in an electrolyte
cidemodKey	['electrolyte','diffusion_constant','arrhenius','activation_energy']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Electrolyte','Diffusivity activation energy [J.mol-1]']
subclassOf	ActivationEnergy

Note

this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.

---

ActivationEnergyOfElectrolyteConductivity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_8c16cb12_41c1_43bd_9e7c_2eea7b06a1f0

elucidation	the activation energy barrier in an Arrhenius expression for the ionic conductivity of an electrolyte
cidemodKey	['electrolyte','ionic_conductivity','arrhenius','activation_energy']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Electrolyte','Conductivity activation energy [J.mol-1]']
subclassOf	ActivationEnergy

---

ActivationEnergyOfGuestDiffusivityInNegativeElectrodeActiveMaterial

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_86af4487_33c1_4562_a00b_3a8252ffe378

elucidation	the activation energy barrier in an Arrhenius expression for the diffusivity of lithium in the negative electrode
cidemodKey	['negative_electrode','active_materials',0,'diffusion_constant','arrhenius','activation_energy']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Negative electrode','Diffusivity activation energy [J.mol-1]']
subclassOf	ActivationEnergy

Note

this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.

---

ActivationEnergyOfGuestDiffusivityInPositiveElectrodeActiveMaterial

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4d69edda_d2fa_40b0_9c1e_52e08debf578

elucidation	the activation energy barrier in an Arrhenius expression for the diffusivity of lithium in the positive electrode
cidemodKey	['positive_electrode','active_materials',0,'diffusion_constant','arrhenius','activation_energy']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Positive electrode','Diffusivity activation energy [J.mol-1]']
subclassOf	ActivationEnergy

Note

this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.

---

ActivationOverpotential

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_7fa406b0_512a_4d59_9e0c_5d8aba0103ae

altLabel	ActivationPolarization
elucidation	part of the electrode polarization arising from a charge-transfer step of the electrode reaction
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-05
subclassOf	Overpotential

---

ActiveMassLoading

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1eeb0e2a_229a_43f1_b197_348d475067ff

elucidation	the mass of active material per unit area
subclassOf	MassLoading

---

AdsorptionCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_214d925c_76c4_4f69_9afc_056a1ea82fc6

elucidation	electric current that accompanies the adsorption of a species
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00159
subclassOf	ElectricCurrent, ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

AmbientCelsiusTemperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_abd08921_6f3b_4a48_811e_7685c58aec0b

elucidation	the celsius temperature of the ambient environment
batteryArchiveLabel	Environmental_Temperature (C)
subclassOf	CelsiusTemperature

---

AmbientThermodynamicTemperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_39a44af0_0e1a_4859_b550_bdabad64386e

elucidation	the ambient thermodynamic temperature
subclassOf	ThermodynamicTemperature

---

AmperePerAmpereHour

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#AmperePerAmpereHour

elucidation	the unit for C-Rate in electrochemistry and related domains
subclassOf	CRateUnit

---

AmplitudeOfAlternatingCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_10eb778d_da60_4832_a355_4ee74baea650

elucidation	half the peak-to-peak amplitude of a sinusoidal alternating current
iupacReference	https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00310
subclassOf	ElectricCurrent, ElectrochemicalControlQuantity

---

AmplitudeOfAlternatingVoltage

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f591a444_89d6_4093_836d_7d53895edce4

elucidation	half of the peak-to-peak amplitude of a periodic voltage perturbation within a single time period, with respect to a reference potential value
iupacReference	https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00311
subclassOf	ElectricPotential, ElectrochemicalControlQuantity

Note

This term should denote half of the peak-to-peak amplitude. Peak-to-peak and r.m.s. amplitudes should be so specified.

---

AnodicOverpotential

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_565c0b10_70fe_441a_b76a_b9a8e08ca7b7

altLabel	AnodicPolarization
elucidation	electrode polarization associated with an electrochemical oxidation reaction
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-06
subclassOf	ReactionOverpotential

---

AreicCapacity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_bcb33f7e_5573_4bc2_b636_4ea313a9dd3a

altLabel	ArealCapacity
elucidation	quotient of the capacity of a battery cell or battery by its plane area.
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-20
subclassOf	ISQDerivedQuantity, ElectrochemicalPerformanceQuantity

---

BaselineCellVoltage

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_269ddd97_1437_4545_b272_0df75a12c68a

elucidation	In electrochemical measurements, the voltage of an electrochemical cell to which a voltage signal is superimposed.
subclassOf	CellVoltage, ElectrochemicalControlQuantity

Example

in EIS, an alternating voltage signal is superimposed to a baseline voltage, which can be the open circuit potential or a fixed cell voltage

---

BoundaryCondition

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f2f36f22_3738_49dd_b43b_7469db6675df

elucidation	a property whose value is controlled on some surface or domain
subclassOf	ControlProperty

---

BruggemanCoefficient

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_5c34b3b5_c9c4_477d_809a_3f682f995aa9

elucidation	quantity that is used to estimate effective transport coefficients in porous media
subclassOf	PureNumberQuantity

---

C

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#C

elucidation	the unit for C-Rate in electrochemistry and related domains
subclassOf	CRateUnit

---

CRate

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e1fd84eb_acdb_4b2c_b90c_e899d552a3ee

altLabel	CapacityRate
elucidation	[an indicator of the] electric current at which a secondary cell or battery is charged
restrictions	hasMeasurementUnit some CRateUnit
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalQuantity
subclasses	FinishingCRate, DischargingCRate, ChargingCRate, LowerCRateLimit

---

CRateUnit

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_67930f7b_ad4c_4b21_9b2e_a000e5c153ae

elucidation	the class of units for describing the C-Rate in electrochemistry and related domains
restrictions	hasDimensionString value 'T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0'
subclassOf	SIDimensionalUnit
subclasses	C, AmperePerAmpereHour

---

CalenderedCoatingThickness

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f9e1c862_c510_4b11_9141_bc91045df817

elucidation	thickness of the coating after a calendering process
subclassOf	CoatingThickness

---

CalenderedDensity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_520995f8_ec9c_4b3c_bb64_2cd691947379

elucidation	density after calendering
subclassOf	Density, ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

Capacity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_791c1915_a791_4450_acd8_7f94764743b5

altLabel	ChargeCapacity; ElectricChargeCapacity; StorageCapacity
elucidation	electric charge which an energy storage device can deliver under specified conditions
typicalUnit	https://w3id.org/emmo#AmpereHour; https://w3id.org/emmo#MilliAmpereHour
hiddenLabel	AH; Amp-hr; Capacity/mAh; mAmp-hr
newareLabel	Capacity(mAh)
novonixLabel	Capacity (Ah)
maccorLabel	amp-hr
indigoLabel	cell_coulomb_count_c
subclassOf	ElectricCharge, ElectrochemicalQuantity, ISQDerivedQuantity
subclasses	RatedCapacity, ResidualCapacity, DischargingCapacity, ChargingCapacity, CumulativeCapacity, NetCapacity, StepCapacity

---

CatalyticCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c55bcb85_b7b8_4e67_8a78_9a42fe25b6cf

elucidation	faradaic current measured in a solution containing two electroactive substances, A and B, that exceeds the sum of the faradaic currents that would be obtained for A and B separately under the same experimental conditions
iupacReference	https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00889
subclassOf	FaradaicCurrent

---

CathodicOverpotential

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0853b072_3b80_4864_8147_24ce35407ade

altLabel	CathodicPolarization
elucidation	electrode polarization associated with an electrochemical reduction reaction
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-07
subclassOf	ReactionOverpotential

---

CellCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_637ee9c4_4b3f_4d3a_975b_c0572dfe53ce

elucidation	electric current flowing to or from an electrochemical cell or device
hiddenLabel	/mA; Amps; Current/mA; mAmps
newareLabel	Current(mA)
arbinLabel	current
novonixLabel	Current (A)
maccorLabel	amps
batteryArchiveLabel	Current (A)
indigoLabel	cell_current_a
biologicLabel	I/mA
subclassOf	InstantaneousCurrent
subclasses	ShortCircuitCurrent, CurrentScanRate, DischargingCurrent, ChargingCurrent

---

CellPolarisationPotential

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_265bb4d6_5eec_40f6_a3fa_59b3bd08e9af

altLabel	CellPolarizationPotential
elucidation	sum of the absolute values of the potential differences resulting from anodic and cathodic polarizations of an electrochemical cell
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-03-12
subclassOf	CellVoltage

---

CellVoltage

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4ebe2ef1_eea8_4b10_822d_7a68215bd24d

altLabel	AppliedPotential
elucidation	voltage between the terminals of an electrochemical cell
iupacReference	https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-03-10
hiddenLabel	Ecell/V; Voltage/V; Volts
newareLabel	Voltage(V)
arbinLabel	voltage
novonixLabel	Potential (V)
maccorLabel	volts
batteryArchiveLabel	Voltage (V)
indigoLabel	cell_voltage_v
biologicLabel	Ecell/V
subclassOf	Voltage, ElectrochemicalQuantity
subclasses	PulseVoltage, DischargingVoltage, CellPolarisationPotential, OpenCircuitVoltage, BaselineCellVoltage, ChargingVoltage

Note

Cell voltage fluctuates based on factors such as applied current, internal resistance, temperature, and composition.

Note

Cell voltage represents the instantaneous electrical potential difference between the positive and negative electrodes of an electrochemical cell. It is a key parameter for monitoring battery performance, estimating state-of-charge, and diagnosing potential failures.

---

ChargeCarrierDiffusivityInElectrolyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4c274506_af5b_4ef1_8217_829ffd459f28

elucidation	the diffusivity of lithium in an electrolyte
cidemodKey	['electrolyte','diffusion_constant','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Electrolyte','Diffusivity [m2.s-1]']
subclassOf	Diffusivity

Note

this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.

---

ChargeCarrierTransportNumber

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e3e78df2_d568_4ab7_8c0d_d3a2ee3ae282

elucidation	transport number of lithium ion in electrolyte
cidemodKey	['electrolyte','transference_number','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Electrolyte','Cation transference number']
subclassOf	IonTransportNumber

Note

this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.

---

ChargeEfficiency

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a5962e05_466d_46a4_8951_bea59d7326e5

elucidation	ratio of the electric charge discharged from a secondary battery to the electric charge provided during the preceding charge
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-05-39
subclassOf	RatioQuantity, ElectrochemicalPerformanceQuantity

---

ChargeRetention

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_49efb72a_f8e6_4f50_acac_975302200d47

altLabel	CapacityRetention
elucidation	ability of a cell or battery to retain capacity on open circuit under specified conditions.
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-35
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalProperty

---

ChargeTransferCoefficient

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a4dfa5c1_55a9_4285_b71d_90cf6613ca31

elucidation	the fraction of the electrostatic potential energy affecting the reduction rate in an electrode reaction, with the remaining fraction affecting the corresponding oxidation rate
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_transfer_coefficient
subclassOf	RatioQuantity, ElectrochemicalKineticQuantity

---

ChargingCRate

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a7dc73e2_d4aa_4dfc_8b4d_cb611f1501fb

elucidation	[an indicator of the] electric current at which a secondary cell or battery is charged
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-05-45
subclassOf	CRate

Note

the charge rate is expressed as the reference current It = Cr/n where Cr is the rated capacity declared by the manufacturer and n is the time base in hours for which the rated capacity is declared

---

ChargingCapacity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_10763eb0_dbc9_4d34_bd1a_7b8996590d45

altLabel	ChargeCapacity
elucidation	electric charge which an energy storage device can deliver under specified charging conditions
typicalUnit	https://w3id.org/emmo#AmpereHour; https://w3id.org/emmo#MilliAmpereHour
hiddenLabel	AH-IN; CapC; CapC/mAh; Q charge/mA.h
newareLabel	Capacitance_Chg(mAh)
arbinLabel	charge_capacity
maccorLabel	wf chg cap
batteryArchiveLabel	Charge_Capacity (Ah)
biologicLabel	Q charge/mA.h
subclassOf	Capacity
subclasses	ConstantCurrentChargingCapacity

---

ChargingConstantCurrentPercentage

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_7f073272_8925_4344_995c_a5a6dd1fcde6

altLabel	ConstantCurrentChargePercentage
elucidation	the percentage of the total charge capacity that is obtained during a constant current charge process
hiddenLabel	CC-Per; CC-Per/%
subclassOf	RatioQuantity

---

ChargingCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_79551e01_4bc6_4292_916e_08fe28a84600

elucidation	electric current applied to an electrochemical device during a charging process
subclassOf	CellCurrent, ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

ChargingEnergy

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_2ab7af60_da58_4243_b3bc_cbb2155cac53

altLabel	ChargeEnergy
elucidation	energy delivered by a deviced under some specific charge conditions
hiddenLabel	Energy charge/W.h; EnergyC; EnergyC/mWh; WH-IN
newareLabel	Engy_Chg(mWh)
arbinLabel	charge_energy
maccorLabel	wf chg e
batteryArchiveLabel	Charge_Energy (Wh)
biologicLabel	Energy charge/W.h
subclassOf	StoredEnergy

---

ChargingEnergyDensity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_31a74e23_bb07_41d0_bb8f_1d8cca157503

elucidation	the energy density of a device obtained during a charging process
subclassOf	EnergyDensity

---

ChargingPRate

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_93f000d8_efc1_4364_896c_c9ebc4c7ce3a

elucidation	an indicator of the electric power at which an electrochemical device is charged
subclassOf	PRate

---

ChargingSpecificCapacity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4882cf2f_aab7_4a3a_a103_7f56b55fbed3

altLabel	SpecificChargeCapacity
elucidation	quotient of the capacity of a cell or battery [ or electrode or active material ] obtained during a charge process by its mass.
hiddenLabel	SpeCapC; SpeCapC/mAh/g
subclassOf	SpecificCapacity

---

ChargingSpecificEnergy

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_5e4490b8_c1dd_4e00_980b_c484e1bf4904

altLabel	SpecificEnergyCharge
elucidation	the specific energy of an electrochemical device obtained during a charge process
hiddenLabel	SpeEnergyC; SpeEnergyC/mWh/g
subclassOf	SpecificEnergy

---

ChargingVoltage

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_79a9e1be_35b0_4c3c_8087_b5f967ca0e87

elucidation	voltage between the terminals of a cell or battery when being charged
subclassOf	CellVoltage

---

CoatingThickness

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_3b938708_e7e4_4ac0_a959_9c04306302e7

elucidation	thickness of the coating before any additional treatment is applied
subclassOf	Thickness, ElectrochemicalQuantity
subclasses	NegativeElectrodeCoatingThickness, CalenderedCoatingThickness, PositiveElectrodeCoatingThickness

---

ConcentrationLimit

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_5eae657f_5914_4252_85c6_3fc772dea113

elucidation	limit on the amount concentration of a species in a phase, either imposed or naturally occurring
subclassOf	AmountConcentration, LimitQuantity
subclasses	MaximumConcentration, MiniumumConcentration

---

ConcentrationOverpotential

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9ed7210c_c4fa_467b_822d_ba12f885bdf4

altLabel	ConcentrationPolarization; MassTransferOverpotential; MassTransferPolarization
elucidation	The concentration overpotential of an electrode reaction at a given electrode current density (c.d.) is basically the difference in equilibrium potentials across the diffusion layer. More precisely, it is the potential of a reference electrode (of the same electrode reaction as the working electrode ) with the interfacial concentrations which establish themselves at c.d., relative to the potential of a similar reference electrode with the concentrations of the bulk solution. From such a measured potential difference, with c.d. flowing, one needs to subtract the ohmic potential drop prevailing between the two electrodes.
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/C01230
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overpotential#Concentration_overpotential
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-08
subclassOf	Overpotential

---

ConstantCurrentChargingCapacity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_37c38b7e_9ded_481a_85fd_a467f1ee2b9f

altLabel	ConstantCurrentChargeCapacity
elucidation	the capacity obtained during constant current charging of an electrochemical device
typicalUnit	https://w3id.org/emmo#AmpereHour; https://w3id.org/emmo#MilliAmpereHour
hiddenLabel	CC-Cap; CC-Cap/mAh
subclassOf	ChargingCapacity

Note

Constant current charging capacity is often used to assess device performance and state-of-health. In a CC-CV charging process, if this value is significantly lower than the rated capacity under the same conditions, it may indicate underlying limitations. A decline over multiple cycles can be a sign of degradation.

---

ConstantCurrentDischargingCapacity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_08833ed2_6324_411a_b34b_fe64c44cd5ef

altLabel	ConstantCurrentDischargeCapacity
elucidation	the capacity obtained during constant current discharging of an electrochemical device
typicalUnit	https://w3id.org/emmo#AmpereHour; https://w3id.org/emmo#MilliAmpereHour
hiddenLabel	DC-Cap; DC-Cap/mAh
subclassOf	DischargingCapacity

---

ControlProperty

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_33e6986c_b35a_4cae_9a94_acb23248065c

altLabel	ControlledQuantity; SetQuantity
elucidation	a target quantity in a control system
subclassOf	ObjectiveProperty
subclasses	InitialCondition, BoundaryCondition

---

CoulombicEfficiency

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_5696453c_9da7_41e2_bbda_603c1b90a8fc

altLabel	CoulombEfficiency; CurrentEfficiency; FaradayEfficiency
elucidation	fraction of the electric current passing through an electrochemical cell which accomplishes the desired chemical reaction
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-03-07
hiddenLabel	CoulombEfficiency/%
subclassOf	RatioQuantity, ElectrochemicalPerformanceQuantity

---

CrystalizationOverpotential

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_8de9735b_374a_4a0f_b29f_71a50794cf94

altLabel	CrystalizationPolarization
elucidation	part of the electrode polarization arising from crystal nucleation and growth phenomena
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-04
subclassOf	ReactionOverpotential

---

CumulativeCapacity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_df9e9d49_12fa_4794_b482_e0dcd2a7bb66

altLabel	TotalCapacity
elucidation	the total amount of electric charge that has cumulatively passed through an electrochemical device within a defined time interval, increasing monotonically over time
subclassOf	Capacity

---

CurrentChangeLimit

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_71f10616_15eb_4dc4_bc8d_ffaac3838af2

elucidation	the limit on the value of the time change of the electric current
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalControlQuantity

---

CurrentChangeRate

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_6516ed26_9661_4d81_8c6d_15d2384d17c0

elucidation	the first order time rate of change of electric current
novonixLabel	dIdt (V/h)
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

CurrentDensityLimit

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_76e7e556_f47e_47e2_b2ef_67aeed09c63e

elucidation	a limit placed on the electric current density of an electrical system
subclassOf	ElectricCurrentDensity, ElectrochemicalPerformanceQuantity
subclasses	UpperCurrentDensityLimit, LowerCurrentDensityLimit

---

CurrentLimit

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_74de2c33_84fc_4c2f_afe1_56d169149114

elucidation	limit on the electric current of an electrical system
subclassOf	ElectricCurrent, LimitQuantity
subclasses	MaximumContinuousChargingCurrent, LowerCurrentLimit, MaximumContinuousDischargingCurrent, MaximumPulseDischargingCurrent, MaximumPulseChargingCurrent, UpperCurrentLimit

---

CurrentScanRate

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f046d602_22ea_4f9b_9101_319f510d39f0

elucidation	The rate of change of an applied current with time.
subclassOf	CellCurrent, ElectrochemicalControlQuantity

Note

Used in linear potentiometry and related techniques, where a linearly-changing current is imposed to a cell to measure its voltage response.

---

CycleIndex

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_5766a819_c319_48ba_ab9a_ce3bd8fedee8

altLabel	Cycle; CycleNumber
elucidation	the number of charge-discharge cycles that an electrochemical device has experienced
hiddenLabel	Cycle-Index; CycleNo
newareLabel	Cycle ID
arbinLabel	cycle_index
novonixLabel	Cycle Number
maccorLabel	cyc#
batteryArchiveLabel	Cycle_Index
indigoLabel	cycle_count
biologicLabel	cycle number
subclassOf	PureNumberQuantity, ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

CycleLife

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ae782b14_88ce_4cdd_9418_12aca00be937

altLabel	ElectrochemicalCycleLife
elucidation	the maximum number of cycles achieved in an electrochemical device before reaching some end-of-life criterion
subclassOf	PureNumberQuantity, ElectrochemicalPerformanceQuantity

---

D10ParticleSize

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b83c6435_6edf_470e_9725_538a853e08f7

elucidation	a statistical measure used in particle size distribution analysis, indicating the particle diameter below which 10% of the sample's particles fall.
subclassOf	Diameter

---

D15ParticleSize

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_92fc0dba_6f11_4019_a8cb_db2a5b1634f5

elucidation	a statistical measure used in particle size distribution analysis, indicating the particle diameter below which 15% of the sample's particles fall.
subclassOf	Diameter

---

D20ParticleSize

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_62e03250_8987_497b_85d5_1399aca9a0aa

elucidation	a statistical measure used in particle size distribution analysis, indicating the particle diameter below which 20% of the sample's particles fall.
subclassOf	Diameter

---

D25ParticleSize

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_7f17f6bb_c1f9_4f4a_bfdf_d8974443d07b

elucidation	a statistical measure used in particle size distribution analysis, indicating the particle diameter below which 25% of the sample's particles fall.
subclassOf	Diameter

---

D30ParticleSize

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0ed0362e_b7ae_482c_a7d0_2ca2eebda648

elucidation	a statistical measure used in particle size distribution analysis, indicating the particle diameter below which 30% of the sample's particles fall.
subclassOf	Diameter

---

D35ParticleSize

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c1c1288c_97c1_4f1f_8f42_6dfd34d028fd

elucidation	a statistical measure used in particle size distribution analysis, indicating the particle diameter below which 35% of the sample's particles fall.
subclassOf	Diameter

---

D40ParticleSize

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c8abaf09_300a_4008_a42a_2f4a3953ca7a

elucidation	a statistical measure used in particle size distribution analysis, indicating the particle diameter below which 40% of the sample's particles fall.
subclassOf	Diameter

---

D45ParticleSize

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9d60c4ab_d9ac_4dda_af0c_c64059326916

elucidation	a statistical measure used in particle size distribution analysis, indicating the particle diameter below which 45% of the sample's particles fall.
subclassOf	Diameter

---

D50ParticleSize

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_3cfdfc10_a5cb_4e3e_b1a1_281010d1465c

altLabel	MassMedianDiameter
elucidation	a statistical measure used in particle size distribution analysis, indicating the particle diameter below which 50% of the sample's particles fall.
subclassOf	Diameter, ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

D55ParticleSize

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b095e977_dbc2_4a9e_9930_6af0dab089f1

elucidation	a statistical measure used in particle size distribution analysis, indicating the particle diameter below which 55% of the sample's particles fall.
subclassOf	Diameter

---

D5ParticleSize

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_2e2d92f4_9fd5_4965_b15a_30b43c68e3e5

elucidation	a statistical measure used in particle size distribution analysis, indicating the particle diameter below which 5% of the sample's particles fall.
subclassOf	Diameter

---

D60ParticleSize

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_8768c8f4_eaa8_4670_a3a0_91524e59a7f6

elucidation	a statistical measure used in particle size distribution analysis, indicating the particle diameter below which 60% of the sample's particles fall.
subclassOf	Diameter

---

D65ParticleSize

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1be95f7c_7381_4d60_a4fb_25b3db63be97

elucidation	a statistical measure used in particle size distribution analysis, indicating the particle diameter below which 10% of the sample's particles fall.
subclassOf	Diameter

---

D70ParticleSize

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e03f6800_92c5_4218_bb6d_1c919abaa063

elucidation	a statistical measure used in particle size distribution analysis, indicating the particle diameter below which 10% of the sample's particles fall.
subclassOf	Diameter

---

D75ParticleSize

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9cf8e627_a3d2_4f86_9bdc_e0e77996acde

elucidation	a statistical measure used in particle size distribution analysis, indicating the particle diameter below which 10% of the sample's particles fall.
subclassOf	Diameter

---

D80ParticleSize

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_97bc06e6_6141_47ec_9e81_fd9e6a5b07c7

elucidation	a statistical measure used in particle size distribution analysis, indicating the particle diameter below which 10% of the sample's particles fall.
subclassOf	Diameter

---

D85ParticleSize

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_fbaa2d5e_b8f7_4a2f_9497_41c3698eb0ff

elucidation	a statistical measure used in particle size distribution analysis, indicating the particle diameter below which 10% of the sample's particles fall.
subclassOf	Diameter

---

D90ParticleSize

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_8e943e12_ecc0_4093_899e_7226be6be7f2

elucidation	a statistical measure used in particle size distribution analysis, indicating the particle diameter below which 90% of the sample's particles fall.
subclassOf	Diameter

---

D95ParticleSize

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_02d2d1d1_241c_429b_b4e7_31f2c3dc4835

elucidation	a statistical measure used in particle size distribution analysis, indicating the particle diameter below which 95% of the sample's particles fall.
subclassOf	Diameter

---

DepthOfDischarge

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1acab8af_9798_45df_a64b_a7030c57a4de

altLabel	DoD
elucidation	the ratio of the discharged capacity to the rated capacity of an electrochemical device
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_of_discharge
subclassOf	RatioQuantity, ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

DeviceDensity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0ea21f71_d1bd_4714_a260_b991e6d4bcf7

elucidation	the overall density of an electrochemical device, calculated as the quotient of the total mass and the total volume
cidemodKey	['properties','density','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Cell','Density [kg.m-3]']
subclassOf	Density

---

DeviceLumpedSpecificHeatCapacity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9cba2158_26ba_4dd7_b082_ba66dbb960c7

elucidation	the lumped specific heat capacity of an electrochemical device
cidemodKey	['properties','specific_heat','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Cell','Specific heat capacity [J.K-1.kg-1]']
subclassOf	SpecificHeatCapacity

---

DeviceSurfaceArea

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ccde4e5f_ace4_41d1_b4d8_cbd63e6376e6

elucidation	the external surface area of an electrochemical device
cidemodKey	['properties','external_surface_area','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Parameterisation','Cell','External surface area [m2]']
subclassOf	SurfaceArea

---

DeviceTemperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_463950b9_fd8d_48de_a52d_b29cab026391

elucidation	the temperature of an electrochemical device
batteryArchiveLabel	Cell_Temperature (C)
subclassOf	CelsiusTemperature

---

DeviceVolume

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b4184e46_c53c_47cc_9bfc_186fd77836a5

elucidation	the total volume of an electrochemical device, determined by its external dimensions
cidemodKey	['properties','volume','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Cell','Volume [m3]']
subclassOf	Volume

---

DifferentialCapacity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_10104499_6580_4867_9c5d_b9882c89c2f7

altLabel	dQ/dV
elucidation	the derivative of the capacity of an electrochemical device with respect to the terminal voltage
newareLabel	dQ/dV(mAh/V)
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

DiffuseLayerPotential

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e38f11d0_a16f_4fe8_8ec5_3fe4493b7759

elucidation	electric potential difference between the rigid layer and the diffuse layer of a double layer
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-02-20
subclassOf	ElectricPotential, ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

DiffusionCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_17626b8e_dfce_4d3a_ae6c_5a7215d43a90

elucidation	faradaic current that is controlled by the rate at which electroactive species diffuse toward (or away from) and electrode-solution interface.
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/D01722
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion_current
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1224527
subclassOf	FaradaicCurrent
subclasses	DiffusionLimitedCurrent

---

DiffusionLimitedCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_5fb7a03f_d6dd_47ee_9317_0629681c7d00

altLabel	LimitingDiffusionCurrent
elucidation	diffusion current of the potential-independent value that is approached as the rate of the charge-transfer process is increased by varying the applied potential, being greater than the rate of mass transport controlled by diffusion
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/L03534
subclassOf	DiffusionCurrent

---

Diffusivity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_37b24a94_cae0_4d7a_9519_9f7692dec607

elucidation	a measure of the rate at which particles or heat or fluids spread
subclassOf	ISQDerivedQuantity
subclasses	GuestDiffusivityInPositiveElectrodeActiveMaterial, GuestDiffusivityInNegativeElectrodeActiveMaterial, DiffusionCoefficient, ChargeCarrierDiffusivityInElectrolyte

---

DischargingCRate

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_25e20915_c35d_4bee_ad31_736235a79780

altLabel	DRate; DischargeRate
elucidation	[an indicator of the] electric current at which a battery is discharged
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-25
subclassOf	CRate

---

DischargingCapacity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0141b5c2_9f15_46f4_82e6_92a104faa476

altLabel	DischargeCapacity
elucidation	electric charge which an energy storage device can deliver under specified discharging conditions
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-14
typicalUnit	https://w3id.org/emmo#AmpereHour; https://w3id.org/emmo#MilliAmpereHour
hiddenLabel	AH-OUT; CapD; CapD/mAh; Q discharge/mA.h
newareLabel	Capacitance_DChg(mAh)
arbinLabel	discharge_capacity
maccorLabel	wf dis cap
batteryArchiveLabel	Discharge_Capacity (Ah)
biologicLabel	Q discharge/mA.h
subclassOf	Capacity
subclasses	ConstantCurrentDischargingCapacity

---

DischargingConstantCurrentPercentage

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_457aed58_6e7e_42d5_9d78_b424c8d60aa3

altLabel	ConstantCurrentDischargePercentage
elucidation	the percentage of the total discharge capacity that is obtained during a constant current discharge process
hiddenLabel	DC-Per; DC-Per/%
subclassOf	RatioQuantity

---

DischargingCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e4d666ee_d637_45cd_a904_dc33941ead4f

elucidation	electric current delivered by a battery during its discharge
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-24
subclassOf	CellCurrent, ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

DischargingEnergy

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ca36cbf3_1fed_4b88_9177_b4e16ad00cf7

altLabel	DischargeEnergy
elucidation	energy delivered by a deviced under some specific discharge conditions
hiddenLabel	Energy discharge/W.h; EnergyD; EnergyD/mWh; WH-OUT
newareLabel	Engy_DChg(mWh)
arbinLabel	discharge_energy
maccorLabel	wf dis e
batteryArchiveLabel	Discharge_Energy (Wh)
biologicLabel	Energy discharge/W.h
subclassOf	StoredEnergy

---

DischargingEnergyDensity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4f14e153_cffb_42bd_9a7f_ae40d51ad2cd

elucidation	the energy density of a device obtained during a discharging process.
subclassOf	EnergyDensity

---

DischargingPRate

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b6f33044_1892_41a4_ae89_8683d4225f8d

elucidation	an indicator of the electric power at which an electrochemical device is discharged
subclassOf	PRate

---

DischargingSpecificCapacity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_884650fd_6cc6_4ec6_8264_c18fbe6b90ee

altLabel	SpecificDischargeCapacity
elucidation	quotient of the capacity of a cell or battery [ or electrode or active material ] obtained during a discharge process by its mass.
hiddenLabel	SpeCapD; SpeCapD/mAh/g
subclassOf	SpecificCapacity

---

DischargingSpecificEnergy

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9d57962c_e150_4e64_962b_8fd6a92c9234

altLabel	SpecificEnergyDischarge
elucidation	the specific energy of an electrochemical device obtained during a discharge process
hiddenLabel	SpeEnergyD; SpeEnergyD/mWh/g
subclassOf	SpecificEnergy

---

DischargingVoltage

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c7b26177_21bf_4787_b656_8e78edf27f88

altLabel	ClosedCircuitVoltage; DischargeVoltage
elucidation	voltage between the terminals of a cell or battery when being discharged
source	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-28
subclassOf	CellVoltage
subclasses	InitialDischargingVoltage

---

DoubleLayerCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a56fc557_9dea_42e6_b936_e9d62dcaf84f

elucidation	non-faradaic current associated with the charging of the electrical double layer at the electrode-solution interface
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/D01847
subclassOf	ElectricCurrent, ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

DropTimeInPolarography

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4b18c3f9_df10_4259_adb4_cd10842ff0be

elucidation	the time that elapses between the instants at which two successive drops of liquid metal are detached from the tip of the capillary.
iupacReference	https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01862
subclassOf	Duration, ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

EffectivePorousMediaQuantity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_14d93129_d94d_42ff_a6f2_e8fca36ffec4

elucidation	a physical quantity that is adjusted to consider the effects of porous media structure
subclassOf	CategorizedPhysicalQuantity
subclasses	EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient

---

ElectrochemicalControlQuantity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c5047d29_4e68_43ee_8355_3e8f05dc70a5

elucidation	quantities that control electroanalytical techniques
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalQuantity
subclasses	PulseVoltage, AmplitudeOfAlternatingVoltage, PotentialScanRate, StepSignalVoltage, SamplingTime, RotatingDiskSpeed, StepSignalCurrent, CurrentScanRate, LimitQuantity, CurrentChangeLimit, PulseDuration, AmplitudeOfAlternatingCurrent, LowerFrequencyLimit, SamplingInterval, BaselineCellVoltage, RestingTime, PulseCurrent, SignalReferencePotential, VoltageChangeLimit, UpperFrequencyLimit, StepDuration, TerminationQuantity

---

ElectrochemicalKineticQuantity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_21745019_2830_4395_bca7_15ddfd266673

elucidation	a quantity that relates to the kinetics of a reaction.
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalQuantity
subclasses	ReactionRateConstant, ReactionRate, ChargeTransferCoefficient, ExchangeCurrentDensity, NumberOfElectronsTransferred, ExchangeCurrent

---

ElectrochemicalPerformanceQuantity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_02eb0465_4f94_453c_8c1f_5ddf80134634

elucidation	a quantity that indicates the performance of an electrochemical device
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalQuantity
subclasses	AreicCapacity, CurrentDensityLimit, InternalResistance, CoulombicEfficiency, StoredEnergy, EnergyDensity, EnergyEfficiency, SpecificCapacity, SpecificEnergy, ChargeEfficiency, ShelfLife, electrochemistry.PowerDensity, CycleLife, SpecificPower

---

ElectrochemicalPotential

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1422cde1_929e_46b6_b0dc_1010eebc5dfd

elucidation	the chemical potential of an ion in the presence of an electric potential
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/E01945
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_potential
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62525
restrictions	hasMeasurementUnit some EnergyUnit
subclassOf	ISQDerivedQuantity, ElectrochemicalThermodynamicQuantity

---

ElectrochemicalProperty

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_900e357f_2ee3_425a_a0b6_322661117787

elucidation	a property that is typical in the electrochemistry domain
subclassOf	NominalProperty
subclasses	ChargeRetention, Polarity, Prismatic, ElectrolyteContainment

---

ElectrochemicalQuantity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_aecc6094_c6a5_4a36_a825_8a497a2ae112

elucidation	Physical quantities defined within the domain of electrochemistry.
subclassOf	CategorizedPhysicalQuantity
subclasses	SquareWaveCurrent, CellVoltage, ElectrochemicalControlQuantity, SpecificSurfaceArea, ElectrochemicalKineticQuantity, TransitionTime, VolumetricCapacity, ElectrochemicalPerformanceQuantity, ElectrochemicalThermodynamicQuantity, SurfaceArea, DepthOfDischarge, MaximumCapacity, StateOfHealth, ElectrochemicalTransportQuantity, Overpotential, StateOfCharge, DoubleLayerCurrent, ResidualCurrent, IsopotentialPoint, InstantaneousCurrent, QuarterTransitionTimePotential, PotentiometricSelectivityCoefficient, ElectrodePotential, ElectrodeSurfaceArea, ResponseTimeAtAnISE, FaradaicCurrent, Capacity, PRate, FaradayConstant, PeakCurrent, CoatingThickness, ResidualActiveMass, CycleIndex, CRate, HalfWavePotential, ElectronicConductivity, Record, TemperatureCoefficientOfTheCapacity, MassLoading, NumberOfCellsConnectedInParallel, DropTimeInPolarography, HalfPeakPotential, ElectrodeCoverageDensity, WorkingPotentialRange, NPRatio, DiffuseLayerPotential, DischargingCurrent, PeakPotential, DifferentialCapacity, VoltageChangeRate, ChargingCurrent, AdsorptionCurrent, NumberOfCellsConnectedInSeries, VolumetricSurfaceArea, TemperatureCoefficientOfTheOpenCircuitVoltage, TotalNumberOfCycles, D50ParticleSize, TestTime, StepType, StepTime, ParticleRadius, StepIndex, CalenderedDensity, CurrentChangeRate

---

ElectrochemicalStabilityLimit

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_8f4b90ef_fea4_47c9_99f5_a9b3290a505d

elucidation	electric potential at which a material undergoes an oxidation or reduction decomposition
subclassOf	ElectricPotential, ElectrochemicalThermodynamicQuantity

---

ElectrochemicalThermodynamicQuantity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_2d896559_eee3_447c_9759_87c854a4266a

elucidation	an electrochemical quantity describing concepts from thermodynamics
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalQuantity
subclasses	MembranePotential, ElectrochemicalStabilityLimit, IonConcentration, OpenCircuitVoltage, ElectrochemicalPotential, MolarElectrochemicalPotential, ElectrochemicalWindow

---

ElectrochemicalTransportQuantity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4a450a27_b84a_4c70_a3a9_15ec30e2f30b

elucidation	an electrochemical quantity related to the transport of mass, charge, or energy.
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalQuantity
subclasses	InternalConductance, MigrationCurrent, IonicConductivity, LimitingMolarConductivity

---

ElectrochemicalWindow

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_129926b6_fc30_441d_b359_29b44c988514

altLabel	ElectrochemicalStabilityWindow
elucidation	The electrode electric potential range between which the substance is neither oxidized nor reduced.
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_window
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759643
subclassOf	ElectricPotential, ElectrochemicalThermodynamicQuantity

---

ElectrochemicallyActiveSurfaceArea

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_bad1b6f4_1b26_40e2_b552_6d53873e3973

altLabel	EASA; ECSA; ElectrochemicalActiveSurfaceArea
elucidation	the area of the electrode material that is accessible to the electrolyte that is used for charge transfer and/or storage
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=485-02-09
subclassOf	ElectrodeSurfaceArea

---

ElectrodeCoverageDensity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_63a8f9d2_0cf6_484d_b996_2e5c3f0a3c73

altLabel	ElectrodeCoverage
elucidation	amount of a chemical modifier at an electrode surface per unit area
restrictions	hasMeasurementUnit some AmountPerAreaUnit
subclassOf	ISQDerivedQuantity, ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

ElectrodeGeometricSurfaceArea

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_fa7790d6_07bb_4b0f_9965_55966828f5f3

elucidation	the interfacial area, determined on the assumption that the interface is truly flat (2-dimensional) and calculated using the geometric data of the involved surfaces
subclassOf	ElectrodeSurfaceArea

---

ElectrodePotential

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f509645f_eb27_470e_9112_7ab828ed40d3

elucidation	electric potential at an electrode, reported as the difference in potential relative to a reference electrode
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/E01956
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrode_potential
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-02-11
subclassOf	ElectricPotential, ElectrochemicalQuantity
subclasses	EquilibriumElectrodePotential

---

ElectrodeRealSurfaceArea

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a82e16c3_b766_482f_be94_b8e9af37f6fc

elucidation	surface area of an electrode that takes into account non-idealities of the interface (roughness, porosity, etc.) and can be measured by a variety of electrochemical methods
subclassOf	ElectrodeSurfaceArea

---

ElectrodeSurfaceArea

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_47ab1dad_cc09_4fd8_af23_acb36fb680dd

elucidation	area of electrode - solution interface.
subclassOf	SurfaceArea, ElectrochemicalQuantity
subclasses	ElectrodeRealSurfaceArea, ElectrodeGeometricSurfaceArea, ElectrochemicallyActiveSurfaceArea

---

ElectrolyteContainment

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_83928dce_9746_4452_a9f9_da4366a20ca4

elucidation	ability of a cell or battery to contain its electrolyte under specified mechanical and environmental conditions
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-31
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalProperty

---

ElectronicConductivity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ce74d2dc_d496_4116_b2fb_3e83d88bc744

elucidation	measure of a substance's tendency towards electronic conduction
subclassOf	ElectricConductivity, ElectrochemicalQuantity
subclasses	PositiveElectrodeElectronicConductivity, NegativeElectrodeElectronicConductivity

---

EnergyDensity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4aa1b96e_44a0_4b1a_a0ac_723d0223d80b

altLabel	EnergyDensityOfStorage; VolumetricEnergyDensity
elucidation	the quotient of the energy of an energy-storage device or system and its volume
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-22
restrictions	hasMeasurementUnit some PressureUnit
subclassOf	Intensive, ElectrochemicalPerformanceQuantity
subclasses	ChargingEnergyDensity, DischargingEnergyDensity

---

EnergyEfficiency

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_79198264_cdf5_4fc3_8bcf_e5140a52547a

altLabel	RoundTripEfficiency
elucidation	ratio of the electric energy provided from a secondary battery [ or electrochemical device ] during discharge to the electric energy supplied to the battery during the preceding charge
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-05-53
hiddenLabel	EnergyEfficiency/%
subclassOf	RatioQuantity, ElectrochemicalPerformanceQuantity

---

EquilibriumElectrodePotential

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d91940f0_c8b6_4505_9b68_6bf6cfc5c544

altLabel	EquilibriumPotential; NernstPotential; ReversiblePotential
elucidation	potential of an electrode when no electric current flows through the cell and all local charge transfer equilibria across phase boundaries that are represented in the cell diagram (except at possible electrolyte-electrolyte junctions) and local chemical equilibria are established
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversal_potential
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-02-12
subclassOf	OpenCircuitVoltage, ElectrodePotential
subclasses	StandardElectrodePotential, FormalElectrodePotential

---

ExchangeCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ccde24bb_790a_40ca_a06e_cea156a61031

elucidation	the common value (i0) of the anodic and cathodic partial currents when the reaction is at equilibrium
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/E02238
subclassOf	ElectricCurrent, ElectrochemicalKineticQuantity

---

ExchangeCurrentDensity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e9fd9ef9_adfe_46cb_b2f9_4558468a25e7

altLabel	MeanExchangeCurrentDensity
elucidation	defined by j0 = i0/A, where i0 is the exchange current of the electrode reaction and A is usually taken as the geometric area of the electrode
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03777
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchange_current_density
subclassOf	ElectricCurrentDensity, ElectrochemicalKineticQuantity

---

FaradaicCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_2a2f59b7_aa16_40aa_9c8b_0de8a2720456

elucidation	electric current that results from the electrooxidation or electroreduction of an electroactive substance
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/F02321
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faradaic_current
dbpediaReference	https://dbpedia.org/page/Faradaic_current
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5434687
subclassOf	ElectricCurrent, ElectrochemicalQuantity
subclasses	CatalyticCurrent, LimitingCurrent, KineticCurrent, DiffusionCurrent, NetFaradaicCurrent

---

FaradayConstant

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_77f9d496_555e_4ae2_ae80_f297ef8335ca

elucidation	fundamental physical constant representing molar elementary charge
iupacReference	https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02325
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday_constant
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192819
subclassOf	SIExactConstant, ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

FinishingCRate

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_50674621_09ae_4f03_8ee9_3997b88c8b2a

altLabel	FinishingChargeRate
elucidation	[an indicator of the] electric current at which a battery is charged towards the end of charge
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-05-46
subclassOf	CRate

---

FormalElectrodePotential

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b21de1ef_6c15_4d63_b320_c9b96fbf186f

altLabel	FormalPotential
elucidation	equilibrium electrode potential under conditions of unit concentration of species involved in the electrode reaction
subclassOf	EquilibriumElectrodePotential

---

GuestDiffusivityInNegativeElectrodeActiveMaterial

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_50247e71_75fe_4986_959e_fd06c6be98db

elucidation	the diffusivity of lithium in the negative electrode
cidemodKey	['negative_electrode','active_materials',0,'diffusion_constant','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Negative electrode','Diffusivity [m2.s-1]']
subclassOf	Diffusivity

Note

this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.

---

GuestDiffusivityInPositiveElectrodeActiveMaterial

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e59188bb_ce66_49f6_84aa_ecb98e76941e

elucidation	the diffusivity of lithium in the positive electrode
cidemodKey	['positive_electrode','active_materials',0,'diffusion_constant','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Positive electrode','Diffusivity [m2.s-1]']
subclassOf	Diffusivity

Note

this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.

---

HalfPeakPotential

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c4d551db_db17_4c33_92e6_aec71638afbc

elucidation	for dynamic voltammetric techniques, the electric potential of the working electrode at which the current is equal to one-half of the peak current
iupacReference	https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02720
subclassOf	ElectricPotential, ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

HalfWavePotential

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_2ae53fc6_d44d_41c9_acaf_c5606e6a981d

elucidation	electric potential of a steady-state voltammetric working electrode at the point, on the rising part of the voltammetric wave, where the current is equal to one-half of the limiting current
iupacReference	https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02722
subclassOf	ElectricPotential, ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

ImaginaryElectricImpedance

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0089729b_5890_4c15_aa09_1244d41f8626

elucidation	the imaginary part of the complex electric impedance
subclassOf	ElectricImpedance

---

InactiveMassLoading

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_2cfea66b_756d_4642_986f_9a41abbd7034

elucidation	the mass of inactive material per unit area
subclassOf	MassLoading

---

InitialChargeCarrierConcentrationInElectrolyte

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_098f98dc_e015_4dbd_b358_a7ac3b3ecff3

elucidation	the initial amount concentration of lithium in an electrolyte
cidemodKey	['electrolyte','initial_concentration','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Electrolyte','Initial concentration [mol.m-3]']
subclassOf	AmountConcentration

Note

this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.

---

InitialCondition

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_2c4c2626_7db5_440c_a65e_95ed2986ee01

elucidation	the initial value of a property at the start of a simulation or experiment
subclassOf	ControlProperty

---

InitialDischargingVoltage

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_74861991_7da2_4e0f_b6c1_b16713f538bf

altLabel	InitialClosedCircuitVoltage; InitialDischargeVoltage
elucidation	discharge voltage of a cell or battery at the beginning of the discharge immediately after any transients have subsided
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-29
subclassOf	DischargingVoltage

---

InititalThermodynamicTemperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9c9b80a4_a00b_4b91_8e17_3a7831f2bf2f

elucidation	the thermodynamic temperature at some point in time designated to be the initial state
subclassOf	ThermodynamicTemperature

---

InstantaneousCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a24f8581_a5a4_41a4_bb45_d0fdd5c0d810

elucidation	value of an electric current at an instant in time
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/I03062
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108057717
subclassOf	ElectricCurrent, ElectrochemicalQuantity
subclasses	CellCurrent

---

InstantaneousPower

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_5973f91a_fa6b_49c9_ba46_3ecc1c2253d2

elucidation	for a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit with terminals A and B, product of the voltage uAB between the terminals and the electric current i in the element or circuit
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-30
newareLabel	Power(mW)
indigoLabel	cell_power_w
subclassOf	Power

---

InternalApparentResistance

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f94678d6_1386_48fc_8e54_024921924401

elucidation	quotient of change of voltage of a battery by the corresponding change in discharge current under specified conditions.
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-36
subclassOf	InternalResistance

---

InternalConductance

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0c9655c6_6b0b_4819_a219_f286ad196fa9

elucidation	the internal conductance of an electrochemical device
subclassOf	ElectricConductance, ElectrochemicalTransportQuantity

---

InternalResistance

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9bf40017_3f58_4030_ada7_cb37a3dfda2d

elucidation	impedance of a linear circuit's Thévenin representation
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_resistance
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=485-15-04
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2527701
newareLabel	DCIR(O)
arbinLabel	internal_resistance
maccorLabel	dcir/ohms
subclassOf	ElectricResistance, ElectrochemicalPerformanceQuantity
subclasses	InternalApparentResistance

---

IonConcentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_8177eae6_1631_430d_99f2_942669bcb784

elucidation	the amount concentration of some ionic species in a given volume of solution
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-16
subclassOf	AmountConcentration, ElectrochemicalThermodynamicQuantity

---

IonicConductivity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_25dabdc2_68bf_4a38_8cbe_11be017358bc

elucidation	a measure of a substance's tendency towards ionic conduction
iupacReference	https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03175
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_conductivity_(solid_state)
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6063658
subclassOf	ElectricConductivity, ElectrochemicalTransportQuantity
subclasses	ElectrolyticConductivity

---

IsopotentialPoint

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ff7797ed_9ef7_40d0_872b_2c215cd54578

elucidation	electric potential of an ion-selective electrode (ISE) and activity of an analyte ion at which the potential of the ISE is independent of temperature
iupacReference	https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03304
subclassOf	ElectricPotential, ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

KineticCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_98b6e9d7_d5df_46a5_87dd_79642b8b2e4b

elucidation	faradaic current of an electroactive substance B formed by a prior chemical reaction from another substance Y that is no electroactive at the potential at which B is electrochemically transformed
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/K03399
subclassOf	FaradaicCurrent

---

LimitQuantity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b395a244_3a75_4737_be38_981bfa1277fe

elucidation	a limit quantity in a control system
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalControlQuantity
subclasses	VoltageLimit, CurrentLimit, ConcentrationLimit, TemperatureLimit, LowerCRateLimit

---

LimitingCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d5ac8868_d318_4065_aa23_72140ae888ae

elucidation	faradaic current that is approached as the rate of the charge-transfer process is increased by varying the applied potential, being greater than the rate of mass transport controlled by diffusion
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/L03532
subclassOf	FaradaicCurrent

---

LimitingCurrentDensity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_077de429_ea41_444c_8571_6a832ae62637

elucidation	maximum electric current density that can be achieved for an electrode reaction at a given concentration of a electrochemically active material in the presence of a large excess of supporting electrolyte
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-03-13
subclassOf	ElectricCurrentDensity

---

LimitingMolarConductivity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a17ee4e0_c81a_4a64_9ecb_9c6fa022cf4d

elucidation	molar conductivity at infinite dilution
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_conductivity#Variation_of_molar_conductivity_with_dilution
subclassOf	MolarConductivity, ElectrochemicalTransportQuantity

---

LowerCRateLimit

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_08b6d07a_0f6c_4932_afbd_fb6b699164ae

elucidation	the lower value for C-Rate that is used to indicate a change in an electrochemical measurement process
subclassOf	LimitQuantity, CRate

---

LowerCurrentDensityLimit

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_abdd3bbb_403a_4cb3_b522_50d027492a68

elucidation	the lower bounding limit placed on the current density used in the definition of an electrochemical testing protocol
subclassOf	CurrentDensityLimit

---

LowerCurrentLimit

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_7db845e7_0e5b_47d4_b954_2a2b8e85deea

elucidation	the lower bounding limit on the current used in the definition of an electrochemical testing protocol
subclassOf	CurrentLimit

---

LowerFrequencyLimit

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b66d6553_6136_4754_902a_707e414210c2

elucidation	the lower end of the interval of frequencies tested in impedimetry and related techniques
subclassOf	Frequency, ElectrochemicalControlQuantity

---

LowerVoltageLimit

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_534dd59c_904c_45d9_8550_ae9d2eb6bbc9

altLabel	CutOffVoltage; DischargeCutoffVoltage; EndOfDischargeVoltage; EndPointVoltage; EndVoltage; FinalVoltage; LowerCutoffVoltage
elucidation	minimum voltage limit at which an applied excitation is altered or terminated
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-30
subclassOf	VoltageLimit

---

MassLoading

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c955c089_6ee1_41a2_95fc_d534c5cfd3d5

elucidation	mass of a material per unit area
subclassOf	AreaDensity, ElectrochemicalQuantity
subclasses	TotalMassLoading, ActiveMassLoading, InactiveMassLoading

---

MaximumCapacity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b7781ebc_90a7_4f19_997f_aed28dee1b01

altLabel	MaximumStorageCapacity
elucidation	the maximum amount of electric charge that can be reversible stored within an electrochemical device
typicalUnit	https://w3id.org/emmo#AmpereHour; https://w3id.org/emmo#MilliAmpereHour
subclassOf	RatedCapacity, ElectrochemicalQuantity

Note

Manufacturers define the value for 'maximum capacity' as the upper performance limit that a device in a batch will typically achieve. The maximum capacity is larger than the nominal capacity, and acts as an indicator of the spread in performacne in a given batch of devices.

Caution

For real applications, the maximum capacity is affected by environmental conditions, rate of operation, and state-of-heath and can deviate from the reported value.

---

MaximumChargingTemperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4a354510_4dc2_4803_8845_f4024a1a7260

elucidation	the maximum allowable temperature of an electrochemical device during a charging process
subclassOf	MaximumTemperature

---

MaximumConcentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_47287d09_6108_45ca_ac65_8b9451b1065e

elucidation	the maximum amount concentration of a species in a phase, either imposed or naturally occurring
subclassOf	ConcentrationLimit
subclasses	NegativeElectrodeActiveMaterialMaximumGuestConcentration, PositiveElectrodeActiveMaterialMaximumGuestConcentration

---

MaximumContinuousChargingCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_39d8a6ee_cd55_4855_8b5b_d42bef95ac78

altLabel	MaximumContinuousChargeCurrent
elucidation	the maximum current approved for continuous charge for a given electrochemical device
subclassOf	CurrentLimit

---

MaximumContinuousDischargingCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ba7ac581_0e13_4815_b888_013c378932f5

altLabel	MaximumContinuousDischargeCurrent
elucidation	the maximum current approved for continuous discharge for a given electrochemical device
subclassOf	CurrentLimit

---

MaximumDischargingPulseDuration

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d5dc0c1d_0926_4268_89f0_4519a326eabc

elucidation	the maximum duration of a pulse discharge for a given electrochemical device
subclassOf	PulseDuration

---

MaximumDischargingTemperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_de612af2_a029_4a02_8090_4a75ab13271d

elucidation	the maximum allowable temperature of an electrochemical device during a discharging process
subclassOf	MaximumTemperature

---

MaximumPulseChargingCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1b2a7137_64d4_483a_8437_dcb3bedcb6da

altLabel	MaximumPulseChargeCurrent
elucidation	the maximum current approved for pulse charge of an electrochemical device
subclassOf	CurrentLimit

---

MaximumPulseDischargingCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_3e54f9e3_a31d_4821_9bfb_ef953a42c35b

altLabel	MaximumPulseDischargeCurrent
elucidation	the maximum current approved for pulse discharge of an electrochemical device
subclassOf	PulseCurrent, CurrentLimit

---

MaximumStoichiometricCoefficient

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_95ef8c3c_62fe_467f_b5d4_dd0cd18a7ea8

elucidation	The maximum allowed value for stoichiometric coefficient for an entity in a chemical substance
subclassOf	StoichiometricCoefficient

---

MaximumStorageEnergy

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1cdeedbf_7f9a_4e1f_a297_204a6e16b718

elucidation	the maximum amount of energy that can be reversible stored within an electrochemical device, component, or material - operated at an infinitely low rate - based on its chemical composition and design
subclassOf	RatedEnergy

---

MaximumStorageTemperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0ea4d188_9701_4699_a5ca_812a98a9afa7

elucidation	the maximum temperature at which an electrochemical device shall be stored
subclassOf	MaximumTemperature

---

MaximumTemperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_cc519a19_b8d5_4e3f_b893_3a884888ad79

elucidation	the maximum allowable temperature
newareLabel	Max-T(C)
subclassOf	TemperatureLimit
subclasses	MaximumChargingTemperature, MaximumStorageTemperature, MaximumDischargingTemperature

---

MembranePotential

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_601ff226_59b9_460b_90f5_2593450d96fa

altLabel	DonnanPotential; MembraneElectromotiveForce
elucidation	electric potential difference between two solutions separated by an ion-selective membrane in the absence of any electric current flowing through the membrane
iupacReference	https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03825
subclassOf	ElectricPotential, ElectrochemicalThermodynamicQuantity

---

MigrationCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_22cec04f_c7f3_4ff8_a34b_e512379c9dcb

elucidation	component of electric current due to transport of ions in the electric field between the electrodes
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03921
subclassOf	ElectricCurrent, ElectrochemicalTransportQuantity

---

MinimumCapacity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d3c0078e_c1d3_461e_873d_e5c3adf441c5

altLabel	MiniumumAcceptedCapacity
elucidation	the minimum acceptable threshold value for the rated capacity of an electrochemical device, as stated by the manufacturer.
typicalUnit	https://w3id.org/emmo#AmpereHour; https://w3id.org/emmo#MilliAmpereHour
subclassOf	RatedCapacity

Note

Manufacturers define the value for 'minimum capacity' as the lower performance limit, ensuring that every device meets a minimum standard. In practice, minimum capacity is often about 95-97% of the nominal capacity, acting as a guaranteed lower bound rather than an exact measurement.

Caution

For real applications, the achieveable minimum capacity is affected by environmental conditions, rate of operation, and state-of-heath and can deviate from the reported value.

---

MinimumChargingTemperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b90b1ad7_b9a8_44df_ad45_bfd25aac2e49

elucidation	the minimum allowable temperature of an electrochemical device during a charging process
subclassOf	MiniumumTemperature

---

MinimumDischargingTemperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_2a1de79f_e927_45a2_9619_3799a0d61e9b

elucidation	the minimum allowable temperature of an electrochemical device during a discharging process
subclassOf	MiniumumTemperature

---

MinimumStoichiometricCoefficient

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_86324806_4263_4d80_b5af_1a7be844ab5b

elucidation	The minimum allowed value for stoichiometric coefficient for an entity in a chemical substance
subclassOf	StoichiometricCoefficient

---

MinimumStorageTemperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0ddfd57a_d338_4690_be45_b26884ed6302

elucidation	the miniumum temperature at which an electrochemical device shall be stored
subclassOf	MiniumumTemperature

---

MiniumumConcentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a9873707_8103_4bb4_9e51_83db1e89b1bd

elucidation	the minimum amount concentration of a species in a phase, either imposed or naturally occuring
subclassOf	ConcentrationLimit

---

MiniumumTemperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4747c51d_86ab_4684_a4fb_b05f5c405ea3

elucidation	the minimum allowable temperature
newareLabel	Min-T(C)
subclassOf	TemperatureLimit
subclasses	MinimumDischargingTemperature, MinimumChargingTemperature, MinimumStorageTemperature

---

MolarElectrochemicalPotential

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_7fe804b8_6126_4132_be8f_b4985d61b1f6

elucidation	electrochemical potential per mole.
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/E01945
restrictions	hasMeasurementUnit some EnergyPerAmountUnit
subclassOf	ISQDerivedQuantity, ElectrochemicalThermodynamicQuantity

---

NPRatio

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_05012606_b93d_4016_bbc7_8a927efdf723

altLabel	ACRatio; AToCRatio; NToPRatio
elucidation	quotient of the capacity of the negative electrode and the capacity of the positive electrode in a cell
subclassOf	RatioQuantity, ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

NegativeElectrodeActivationEnergyOfReaction

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_fda9539d_5232_471c_8945_b9a8ec7247fe

elucidation	this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Negative electrode','Reaction rate constant activation energy [J.mol-1]']
subclassOf	ActivationEnergy

---

NegativeElectrodeActiveMaterialGuestStoichiometricCoefficientAtSOC0

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_21da0fe9_9fb6_4840_a12f_fbcc1ba84fb3

elucidation	this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.
cidemodKey	['negative_electrode','active_materials',0,'stoichiometry0','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Negative electrode','Minimum stoichiometry']
subclassOf	StoichiometricCoefficientAtSOC0

---

NegativeElectrodeActiveMaterialGuestStoichiometricCoefficientAtSOC100

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_8c336ae9_1818_4b08_a660_4bb83b28351f

elucidation	this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.
cidemodKey	['negative_electrode','active_materials',0,'stoichiometry1','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Negative electrode','Maximum stoichiometry']
subclassOf	StoichiometricCoefficientAtSOC100

---

NegativeElectrodeActiveMaterialMaximumGuestConcentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e808a26a_5812_49e9_894c_b793c7fe0c38

elucidation	maximum concentration of lithium in the negative electrode
cidemodKey	['negative_electrode','active_materials',0,'maximum_concentration','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Negative electrode','Maximum concentration [mol.m-3]']
subclassOf	MaximumConcentration

Note

this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.

---

NegativeElectrodeActiveMaterialOpenCircuitVoltage

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0e2f4fe6_570a_4d13_81e9_de1d4f9987af

elucidation	this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.
cidemodKey	['negative_electrode','active_materials',0,'OCP','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Negative electrode','OCP [V]']
subclassOf	OpenCircuitVoltage

---

NegativeElectrodeActiveMaterialParticleRadius

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_bfe553c2_a63e_49b6_a209_0855dfc39724

elucidation	this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.
cidemodKey	['negative_electrode','active_materials',0,'particle_radius','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Negative electrode','Particle radius [m]']
subclassOf	ParticleRadius

---

NegativeElectrodeActiveMaterialVolumetricSurfaceArea

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c5f9b91e_a770_4e9b_837e_fa2a76019111

elucidation	this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Negative electrode','Surface area per unit volume [m-1]']
subclassOf	VolumetricSurfaceArea

---

NegativeElectrodeCoatingPorosity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_5cb403c4_4f28_46cb_81c4_21c5c47ef14a

elucidation	this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.
cidemodKey	['negative_electrode','porosity','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Negative electrode','Porosity']
subclassOf	Porosity

---

NegativeElectrodeCoatingThickness

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_cdc91ec0_9fc5_4551_bbd9_6824c2920124

elucidation	thickness of the negative electrode coating
cidemodKey	['negative_electrode','thickness','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Negative electrode','Thickness [m]']
subclassOf	CoatingThickness

Note

this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.

---

NegativeElectrodeElectronicConductivity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_be3da3e2_58a9_4e58_adc2_7336d312717c

elucidation	the electronic conductivity of the negative electrode
cidemodKey	['negative_electrode','electronic_conductivity','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Negative electrode','Conductivity [S.m-1]']
subclassOf	ElectronicConductivity

Note

this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.

---

NegativeElectrodeEntropicChangeCoefficient

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_eac57b09_5cc9_41d7_b2c8_40218d7fd47c

elucidation	this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.
cidemodKey	['negative_electrode','active_materials',0,'entropy_coefficient','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Negative electrode','Entropic change coefficient [V.K-1]']
subclassOf	TemperatureCoefficientOfTheOpenCircuitVoltage

---

NegativeElectrodeReactionRateConstant

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c5dcb1a2_f2cf_421a_b8ae_47a88a61fce3

elucidation	this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.
cidemodKey	['negative_electrode','active_materials',0,'kinetic_constant','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Negative electrode','Reaction rate constant [mol.m-2.s-1]']
subclassOf	ReactionRateConstant

---

NetCapacity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_786a8649_425f_4a2d_b6c8_8a36501b6d49

elucidation	the net electric charge accumulated in an electrochemical device over time, starting from zero and calculated as the time integral of current with sign preserved, such that charging increases the value and discharging decreases it
subclassOf	Capacity

---

NetFaradaicCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_14577b99_a8a9_4358_9bc5_ab8c401dd34b

elucidation	algebraic sum of faradaic currents flowing through an electrode
subclassOf	FaradaicCurrent

---

NominalCapacity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_8abde9d0_84f6_4b4f_a87e_86028a397100

elucidation	the rated capacity that is representative of the typical value associated with a cell as stated by the manufacturer
typicalUnit	https://w3id.org/emmo#AmpereHour; https://w3id.org/emmo#MilliAmpereHour
subclassOf	RatedCapacity

Note

The value for 'nominal capacity' is provided by manufacturers as an indication of the expected performance of the device under a set of defined nominal conditions. It serves as a benchmark for comparing different devices.

Tip

To ensure meaningful comparisons, nominal capacity values should always be evaluated under matching test conditions.

Caution

While nominal capacity provides a useful reference, actual capacity depends on various factors, including temperature, rate, and state-of-health.

---

NominalVoltage

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_639b844a_e801_436b_985d_28926129ead6

elucidation	suitable approximate value of the voltage used to designate or identify a cell, a battery or an electrochemical system
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-31
subclassOf	Voltage

Note

Nominal voltage is the standardized voltage value assigned to a battery cell or module based on typical operating conditions. It serves as a reference point for battery specifications but does not represent the actual voltage during operation. Actual cell voltage may vary due to factors such as state-of-charge, temperature, and load conditions.

Caution

Nominal voltage may not accurately reflect voltage under extreme loads or temperatures—always check manufacturer specifications.

---

NumberOfCellsConnectedInParallel

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_482173dc_7779_4f12_982c_b19f2cda2dac

elucidation	the number of electrochemical cells connected in parallel
subclassOf	NumberOfEntities, ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

NumberOfCellsConnectedInSeries

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9d6a52ed_a53d_4327_a391_f173677a4b1d

elucidation	the number of electrochemical cells connected in series
subclassOf	NumberOfEntities, ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

NumberOfElectronsTransferred

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_abfadc99_6e43_4d37_9b04_7fc5b0f327ae

altLabel	ChargeNumber; ElectronNumberOfAnElectrochemicalReaction
elucidation	number of electrons transferred in a charge transfer reaction between an electrode and a single entity (ion, radical-ion, or molecule) of an electroactive substance, whose identity must be specified
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/C00995
subclassOf	PureNumberQuantity, ElectrochemicalKineticQuantity

---

NumberOfFiniteVolumeCells

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_47608fd0_cc0d_457e_9141_051935029e3a

elucidation	number of discrete finite volume cells in a grid or sub-grid
subclassOf	NumberOfEntities
subclasses	NumberOfFiniteVolumeCellsInY, NumberOfFiniteVolumeCellsInX, NumberOfFiniteVolumeCellsInZ

---

NumberOfFiniteVolumeCellsInX

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e73586eb_8475_4879_a43e_087c702ea6bf

elucidation	number of discrete finite volume cells in a grid or sub-grid in the X-direction
subclassOf	NumberOfFiniteVolumeCells

---

NumberOfFiniteVolumeCellsInY

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c2a85d02_c6b4_42df_b5ed_a9904ec34a5c

elucidation	number of discrete finite volume cells in a grid or sub-grid in the Y-direction
subclassOf	NumberOfFiniteVolumeCells

---

NumberOfFiniteVolumeCellsInZ

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a5e00e3a_736c_4200_8d04_ed222fe07037

elucidation	number of discrete finite volume cells in a grid or sub-grid in the Z-direction
subclassOf	NumberOfFiniteVolumeCells

---

NumberOfIterations

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_88dd2bce_fb17_4705_905d_892681812290

elucidation	the number of times an iterative process should occur
subclassOf	PureNumberQuantity

---

OhmicOverpotential

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_03a6ce70_5085_4683_bb4e_fc3c18f7143a

altLabel	OhmicOvervoltage; OhmicPolarization
elucidation	part of the electrode polarization arising from an electric current through an ohmic resistance within the electrode or the electrolyte
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-09
subclassOf	Overpotential

---

OpenCircuitVoltage

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9c657fdc_b9d3_4964_907c_f9a6e8c5f52b

altLabel	OCP; OCV; OpenCircuitPotential
elucidation	electrode potential of working electrode relative to the reference electrode when no potential or electric current is being applied to the electrochemical cell
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-32
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1812203
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalThermodynamicQuantity, CellVoltage
subclasses	EquilibriumElectrodePotential, PositiveElectrodeActiveMaterialOpenCircuitVoltage, NegativeElectrodeActiveMaterialOpenCircuitVoltage

---

Overpotential

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1cd1d777_e67b_47eb_81f1_edac35d9f2c6

altLabel	ElectrodePolarization; Overvoltage; PolarizationPotential
elucidation	electrode potential (E) minus the equilibrium electrode potential (Eeq) of an electrochemical reaction
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/O04358
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overpotential
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-02
subclassOf	ElectricPotential, ElectrochemicalQuantity
subclasses	ReactionOverpotential, OhmicOverpotential, ConcentrationOverpotential, ActivationOverpotential, SurfaceOverpotential

Note

Overpotential is often divided into different contributions: activation overpotential, ohmic overpotential, and concentration overpotential.

Note

Overpotential is the extra voltage required to drive an electrochemical reaction beyond its thermodynamic equilibrium potential. It arises due to kinetic barriers such as activation energy, mass transport limitations, and charge transfer resistance. Overpotential is a key factor in battery efficiency, electrolysis, and corrosion studies, as it affects reaction rates and energy losses.

---

PRate

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c4120ce7_f1ff_4917_b59e_002454a65040

elucidation	an indicator of the electric power at which an electrochemical device is operated
subclassOf	RatioQuantity, ElectrochemicalQuantity
subclasses	ChargingPRate, DischargingPRate

---

PRateUnit

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_2e9ccb34_6da6_4715_89ba_90913f436b41

elucidation	the class of units for describing the C-Rate in electrochemistry and related domains
restrictions	hasDimensionString value 'T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0'
subclassOf	SIDimensionalUnit
subclasses	WattPerWattHour

---

ParticleRadius

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b92e382f_5109_4f60_ab5e_c89d340419a9

elucidation	radius of a particle
subclassOf	Radius, ElectrochemicalQuantity
subclasses	PositiveElectrodeActiveMaterialParticleRadius, NegativeElectrodeActiveMaterialParticleRadius

---

PeakCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_382b10dc_83aa_4e77_a1d5_1edd06fd1e05

elucidation	in dynamic voltammetric techniques, the maximum value of the faradaic current attained by varying the applied potential in the current-potential or I-E curve
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/P04457
subclassOf	ElectricCurrent, ElectrochemicalQuantity

Example

Typical examples of imposed potential programmes in dynamic voltammetric techniques resulting in peak-shaped responses are linear-scan voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, ac voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, square-wave voltammetry, stripping voltammetry, and derivative techniques.

---

PeakPotential

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e4a221e0_afc9_4464_91d4_e0c8ecdf79e8

elucidation	electrode potential of the working electrode at which the peak current is attained
iupacReference	https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04464
restrictions	hasMeasurementUnit some ElectricPotentialUnit
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

PercentQuantity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_cf386c1e_e62b_43ef_9b0e_e5e58935d63f

elucidation	a quantity that is expressed as a percentage
restrictions	hasMetrologicalReference some PercentUnit
subclassOf	RatioQuantity
subclasses	VolumePercent, WeightPercent

---

PercentUnit

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_8430be19_6cae_4a15_a570_3c15d0d190eb

elucidation	unit of percentage
subclassOf	FractionUnit

---

Polarity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_16a5de33_a2ca_4563_80d4_6caeb08d97ca

elucidation	nominal property of an electrode, having values negative or positive according to the sign of the electrode potential, or neutral when the electrode potential is zero.
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-02-14
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalProperty

---

PositiveElectrodeActiveMaterialGuestStoichiometricCoefficientAtSOC0

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_80920875_62ac_4e29_b970_ec4316e76aa5

elucidation	this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.
cidemodKey	['positive_electrode','active_materials',0,'stoichiometry0','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Positive electrode','Minimum stoichiometry']
subclassOf	StoichiometricCoefficientAtSOC0

---

PositiveElectrodeActiveMaterialGuestStoichiometricCoefficientAtSOC100

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_99041897_5c08_40ed_9118_3e77e9b0e191

elucidation	this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.
cidemodKey	['positive_electrode','active_materials',0,'stoichiometry1','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Positive electrode','Maximum stoichiometry']
subclassOf	StoichiometricCoefficientAtSOC100

---

PositiveElectrodeActiveMaterialMaximumGuestConcentration

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c69a9d55_823f_4113_a305_ebc89dde7de3

elucidation	maximum concentration of lithium in the positive electrode
cidemodKey	['positive_electrode','active_materials',0,'maximum_concentration','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Positive electrode','Maximum concentration [mol.m-3]']
subclassOf	MaximumConcentration

Note

this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.

---

PositiveElectrodeActiveMaterialOpenCircuitVoltage

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_52ab4fdd_f945_4541_9ce6_cd6fd3a05861

elucidation	this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.
cidemodKey	['positive_electrode','active_materials',0,'OCP','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Positive electrode','OCP [V]']
subclassOf	OpenCircuitVoltage

---

PositiveElectrodeActiveMaterialParticleRadius

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_58400817_3282_46e5_942e_3a1538631403

elucidation	this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.
cidemodKey	['positive_electrode','active_materials',0,'particle_radius','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Positive electrode','Particle radius [m]']
subclassOf	ParticleRadius

---

PositiveElectrodeActiveMaterialVolumetricSurfaceArea

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0a1e73c5_e91b_4365_88d4_1e1f476bf776

elucidation	this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Positive electrode','Surface area per unit volume [m-1]']
subclassOf	VolumetricSurfaceArea

---

PositiveElectrodeCoatingPorosity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_7481c4c9_c247_4248_a045_a1077230acba

elucidation	this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.
cidemodKey	['positive_electrode','porosity','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Positive electrode','Porosity']
subclassOf	Porosity

---

PositiveElectrodeCoatingThickness

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_62f5beeb_6d1e_442a_8048_3ebe08882964

elucidation	thickness of the positive electrode coating
cidemodKey	['positive_electrode','thickness','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Positive electrode','Thickness [m]']
subclassOf	CoatingThickness

Note

this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.

---

PositiveElectrodeElectronicConductivity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_43f77743_1af6_4a0f_9cc6_285c2a450549

elucidation	this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.
cidemodKey	['positive_electrode','electronic_conductivity','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Positive electrode','Conductivity [S.m-1]']
subclassOf	ElectronicConductivity

---

PositiveElectrodeEntropicChangeCoefficient

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9d558b56_d3b8_429a_a4e2_d2ffab895e42

elucidation	this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.
cidemodKey	['positive_electrode','active_materials',0,'entropy_coefficient','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Positive electrode','Entropic change coefficient [V.K-1]']
subclassOf	TemperatureCoefficientOfTheOpenCircuitVoltage

---

PositiveElectrodeReactionRateConstant

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_404126e0_cb1b_44e4_98dc_2474185767a1

elucidation	this is a very specific term with a narrow conceptualization, used mostly as an anchor term for supporting interoperability; a more general term is suitable in most cases.
cidemodKey	['positive_electrode','active_materials',0,'kinetic_constant','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Positive electrode','Reaction rate constant [mol.m-2.s-1]']
subclassOf	ReactionRateConstant

---

PostiveElectrodeActivationEnergyOfReaction

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_56b9cd1f_5397_4385_9292_30d93d9e7a05

elucidation	the activation energy barrier in an Arrhenius expression for the positive electrode charge transfer reaction
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Positive electrode','Reaction rate constant activation energy [J.mol-1]']
subclassOf	ActivationEnergy

---

PotentialScanRate

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_264f40d1_17c9_4bc7_9c47_5cfb18132278

altLabel	PotentialSweepRate; ScanRate; SweepRate
elucidation	the rate of change of applied potential with time
restrictions	hasMeasurementUnit some ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit
subclassOf	ISQDerivedQuantity, ElectrochemicalControlQuantity

---

PotentiometricSelectivityCoefficient

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_136744ff_0563_4df7_aa03_4219d70392a0

altLabel	SelectivityCoefficient; SelectivityConstant; SelectivityFactor
elucidation	parameter defining the ability of an ion-selective electrode to distinguish a particular ion, i.e., a primary ion A from an interfering ion B
iupacReference	https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04791
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

PowerDensity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a7eb870c_4ef7_4ccd_85e8_4b7b726d7a2a

altLabel	VolumetricPowerDensity
elucidation	the quotient of the power of an energy-storage device or system and its volume
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalPerformanceQuantity

---

Prismatic

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_83fbc038_0c2e_4d04_91d7_cdf30f8a5535

elucidation	[a sign that] qualifies a cell or a battery having the shape of a parallelepiped whose faces are rectangular
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-02-38
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalProperty

---

PulseCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_346519a4_006c_496d_8f36_74e38814ed2d

altLabel	MagnitudeOfCurrentPulse; PulseMagnitudeCurrent
elucidation	the magnitude of a current pulse applied to an electrochemical cell during pulsed potentiometry and related techniques
subclassOf	ElectricCurrent, ElectrochemicalControlQuantity
subclasses	MaximumPulseDischargingCurrent

---

PulseDuration

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_3cd0e74e_292c_48ed_a831_4cb8753d9a56

elucidation	time interval during which the excitation signal deviates from the base line in normal pulse voltamme- try, differential pulse voltammetry, and related techniques
iupacReference	https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04947
subclassOf	Duration, ElectrochemicalControlQuantity
subclasses	MaximumDischargingPulseDuration

---

PulseMagnitude

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_762ba55f_9b56_4c31_865f_cff2e7d0a94b

elucidation	a single value, for instance a mean, root mean square or peak value characterizing the aggregate instantaneous values of a unidirectional pulse with respect to the common initial and final value
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=702-03-03
subclassOf	ObjectiveProperty

---

PulseVoltage

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4d2b102b_3515_4591_b079_69232c44f9dc

altLabel	MagnitudeOfPotentialPulse; PulseMagnitudePotential
elucidation	The magnitude of a voltage pulse applied to an electrochemical cell during pulsed amperometry and related techniques.
subclassOf	CellVoltage, ElectrochemicalControlQuantity

---

QuarterTransitionTimePotential

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_2705525b_7512_48bf_825b_f2d0409bede4

elucidation	electric potential of the indicator electrode, in chronopotentiometry at constant current, at the instant when the time that has elapsed since the application of current is equal to one-fourth of the transition time
restrictions	hasMeasurementUnit some ElectricPotentialUnit
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

RatedCapacity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9b3b4668_0795_4a35_9965_2af383497a26

elucidation	capacity value of a battery [or electrode or electrochemical device] determined under specified conditions and declared by the manufacturer
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-15
typicalUnit	https://w3id.org/emmo#MilliAmpereHour
subclassOf	Capacity
subclasses	MaximumCapacity, NominalCapacity, MinimumCapacity, RetainedCapacity, TheoreticalCapacity, RecoveredCapacity

Note

The term 'rated capacity' is used by manufacturers to specify the energy storage capability of a product under some controlled test conditions. The value is often determined during a constant current load until the a voltage limit is reached, under controlled temperature conditions. The 'rated capacity' helps to compare performance across different devices and provides a bisis for performing system engineering calculations. It can also be used as a basis for calculating other terms like the C-Rate, state-of-charge, and state-of-health of the device. The rated capacity at beginning of life serves as a reference for capacity-fade analysis during long-term cycling.

Tip

The value of rated capacity should be reported together with information on the conditions under which it was determined (e.g. voltage limits, applied current, temperature).

Caution

The value for rated capacity does not necessarily represent the actual capacity in real-world usage, as factors like temperature, rate, and state-of-health affect the effective capacity.

---

RatedEnergy

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_da215d1a_196a_465f_9de8_89f6fbb76982

elucidation	the amount of energy that an electrochemical device can store under some specific conditions
subclassOf	StoredEnergy
subclasses	MaximumStorageEnergy

---

ReactionOverpotential

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f4fadc4e_ca7d_4e4e_89cf_eacf45b4041e

altLabel	ReactionOvervoltage; ReactionPolarization
elucidation	part of the electrode polarization arising from a chemical reaction impeding the electrode reaction
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-10
subclassOf	Overpotential
subclasses	CathodicOverpotential, CrystalizationOverpotential, AnodicOverpotential

---

ReactionRate

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e2514bf9_d012_4990_b68b_6f37443f18f6

elucidation	rate at which a chemical reaction takes place
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction_rate
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-02-02
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3394849
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalKineticQuantity

---

ReactionRateConstant

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0335e3f6_d1d8_4daa_8376_a9285f1bc9f1

elucidation	a proportionality constant which quantifies the rate and direction of a chemical reaction by relating it with the concentration of reactants
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction_rate_constant
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658700
subclassOf	ISQDerivedQuantity, ElectrochemicalKineticQuantity
subclasses	PositiveElectrodeReactionRateConstant, NegativeElectrodeReactionRateConstant

---

RealElectricImpedance

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_abf986d2_90d5_4746_b42b_89dc7cc1bf0f

altLabel	ACResistance
elucidation	the imaginary part of the complex electric impedance
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048490
subclassOf	ElectricImpedance

---

Record

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_838a927f_775e_4c6d_8e39_7865548608c2

elucidation	an entry in a dataset, typically consisting of one line.
hiddenLabel	Rec#
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

RecoveredCapacity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_73f169de_d189_4d7c_893f_a2549771825c

altLabel	RecoveryCapacity
elucidation	the capacity that can be obtained from an electrochemical device after it has been subjected to some specified conditions, then recharged and discharged according to a recommended protocol
typicalUnit	https://w3id.org/emmo#AmpereHour; https://w3id.org/emmo#MilliAmpereHour
subclassOf	RatedCapacity

---

ReferenceThermodynamicTemperature

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_db40df7e_1aa5_49a7_85cb_2aa2c1c70489

elucidation	the thermodynamic temperature that is the reference for a calculation
subclassOf	ThermodynamicTemperature

---

ResidualActiveMass

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_526bf81a_0572_49ff_a8cc_85efc343c1c2

elucidation	charged active material remaining in a cell following a discharge to a specified end-of-discharge voltage.
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-37
restrictions	hasMeasurementUnit some MassUnit
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

ResidualCapacity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d47985f1_6bd7_4c4f_894f_13a6cab38bb5

elucidation	electric charge capacity remaining in a cell or battery following a discharge, operation or storage under specific test conditions
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-16
subclassOf	Capacity

---

ResidualCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_07e219c3_890f_488f_bd96_bee8e445d764

altLabel	BackgroundCurrent
elucidation	Electric current that flows, at a particular value of the applied potential, in the absence of the substance whose electrode behaviour is being investigated, i.e. a "blank" solution.
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/R05311
subclassOf	ElectricCurrent, ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

ResponseTimeAtAnISE

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1a104474_c326_4a29_ac26_26a05ac8f72c

elucidation	Duration between the time when an ion-selective electrode and an external reference electrode (the two completing the ion-selective electrode cell) are brought into contact with a sample solution (or the time at which the activity of the ion of interest in solution is changed) and the first time at which the slope of the cell potential vs. time plot (ΔE/Δt) becomes equal to a limiting value selected on the basis of the experimental conditions and/or requirements concerning accuracy.
restrictions	hasMeasurementUnit some TimeUnit
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

RestingTime

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_2678a656_4a27_4706_8dde_b0a93e9b92fa

altLabel	RestingDuration
elucidation	the duration during which an electrochemical device is kept at open-circuit conditions
subclassOf	Duration, ElectrochemicalControlQuantity

---

RetainedCapacity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b8d4042d_329a_450f_9088_2fc0e16a8667

elucidation	the capacity that an electrochemical device can deliver after being stored under some specified conditions
typicalUnit	https://w3id.org/emmo#AmpereHour; https://w3id.org/emmo#MilliAmpereHour
subclassOf	RatedCapacity

---

RotatingDiskSpeed

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1900143f_cbc0_415f_9057_9382022a7bfe

elucidation	rotational frequency of a rotating component in a rotating disk electrode
subclassOf	RotationalFrequency, ElectrochemicalControlQuantity

Note

The rotating component can be the main rotating disk or a secondary ring as used in rotating ring disk electrodes.

---

SamplingInterval

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_52ac73c7_763c_4fda_93cd_a2db9dfc2dab

elucidation	time interval during which the current is measured in pulse voltammetry
iupacReference	https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05465
subclassOf	Duration, ElectrochemicalControlQuantity

---

SamplingTime

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ecb6dfdf_bd3d_4339_8a1c_d32abbef30ba

elucidation	duration of the sampling interval in pulse voltammetry
iupacReference	https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05467
subclassOf	Duration, ElectrochemicalControlQuantity

---

SeparatorPorosity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a4858e4d_dd3b_48ce_97ba_3eeb8571b633

elucidation	the porosity of a separator
cidemodKey	['separator','porosity','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Separator','Porosity']
subclassOf	Porosity

---

SeparatorThickness

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_47288277_4aed_447e_b659_0c975d031406

elucidation	the thickness of a separator
cidemodKey	['separator','thickness','value']
bpxKey	['Parameterisation','Separator','Thickness [m]']
subclassOf	Thickness

---

ShelfLife

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e8ec76bf_2a60_4982_8cde_02dfbd2e626f

altLabel	StorageLife
elucidation	duration, under specific conditions, at the end of which a battery [ or electrochemical device ] has retained the ability to perform a specified function
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-47
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalPerformanceQuantity

---

ShortCircuitCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_75c28dc8_3d7d_4b6e_861e_6c8b1ad7d644

elucidation	maximum current which should be delivered by a cell or battery into an external circuit with zero electric resistance, or an external circuit which depresses the cell or battery voltage to approximately zero volt
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-26
subclassOf	CellCurrent

---

SignalReferencePotential

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_68059d94_4c21_4065_b329_07faeebc7e87

altLabel	BaselinePotential
elucidation	Potential to which the magnitude of an excitation signal is compared to.
restrictions	hasMeasurementUnit some ElectricPotentialUnit
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalControlQuantity

---

SpecificCapacity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1e3dc60d_dd6b_47d6_8161_70004fc5ee30

altLabel	GravimetricCapacity; SpecificChargeCapacity; SpecificElectricChargeCapacity
elucidation	quotient of the capacity of a cell or battery [ or electrode or active material ] by its mass.
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-19
newareLabel	Capacity Density(mAh/g)
restrictions	hasMeasurementUnit some ElectricChargePerMassUnit
subclassOf	ISQDerivedQuantity, ElectrochemicalPerformanceQuantity
subclasses	DischargingSpecificCapacity, ChargingSpecificCapacity

---

SpecificPower

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c762a928_5a74_46fd_9929_4ac2d7a3a8d7

elucidation	the quotient of the power of an energy-storage device or system and its mass
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalPerformanceQuantity

---

SpecificSurfaceArea

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_cf54e7c1_f359_4715_b61d_0350b890d597

elucidation	total surface of a solid per mass
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_surface_area
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=485-02-10
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622205
restrictions	hasMeasurementUnit some AreaPerMassUnit
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

SquareWaveCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_327eb3e1_f74a_4076_96de_5a2e3f63cb65

elucidation	component of an electric current that is associated with the presence of an analyate in square-wave voltammetry
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05897
subclassOf	ElectricCurrent, ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

StandardElectrodePotential

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_7fc10197_41d9_4c1e_a107_928f03eb2d36

altLabel	StandardPotential
elucidation	equilibrium electrode potential of an electrode under standard conditions
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05912
dbpediaReference	https://dbpedia.org/page/Standard_electrode_potential
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-02-13
subclassOf	EquilibriumElectrodePotential

---

StateOfCharge

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_8b2aaa50_bbe1_45da_8778_8898326246a2

altLabel	SoC
elucidation	the ratio of the charged capacity to the rated capacity of an electrochemical device
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_charge
subclassOf	RatioQuantity, ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

StateOfHealth

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a7a4614f_2426_46f3_8475_cda4a9fabfce

elucidation	An indication of the health of an electrochemical device
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

StepCapacity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ae108db7_8765_4329_9908_059277dee586

elucidation	the amount of charge that has passed through an electrochemical device within the time interval of a given testing step
subclassOf	Capacity

---

StepDuration

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_85e39686_9658_4c74_bb91_a935704c174a

elucidation	the duration between two consecutive steps in a staircase signal
subclassOf	Duration, ElectrochemicalControlQuantity

Note

Typically, the duration is defined between the onset of one step and the onset of the next step.

---

StepIndex

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d78b696d_9832_4352_a264_28a2ea7d82e4

altLabel	StepNumber
elucidation	the currently running step number in the procedure
hiddenLabel	Step
newareLabel	Step ID
arbinLabel	step_index
novonixLabel	Step Number
maccorLabel	step
subclassOf	PureNumberQuantity, ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

StepSignalCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_6769536b_5320_4b48_a2d8_ac285ec635a8

elucidation	the magnitude of the current step in chronopotentiometry and related techniques
subclassOf	ElectricCurrent, ElectrochemicalControlQuantity

---

StepSignalVoltage

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0bf1ed19_2fc9_4e6d_87ec_62015985a9a6

elucidation	the magnitude of the voltage step in step voltammetry and related techniques
restrictions	hasMeasurementUnit some ElectricPotentialUnit
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalControlQuantity

---

StepTime

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_80ca00f8_c891_4493_87a2_7d39b9d1e098

elucidation	time of a measurement relative to the start of the step (t = 0)
hiddenLabel	StepTime/Sec
arbinLabel	step_time
novonixLabel	Step Time (h)
maccorLabel	step (sec)
subclassOf	Time, ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

StepType

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_2d58b059_2ef0_418e_9337_13aa2de4b07f

altLabel	State
elucidation	a description (usually an integer, string, or alpha numeric code) describing the nature of a step in an electrochemical test protocol
novonixLabel	Step Type
maccorLabel	state
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

StoichiometricCoefficient

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f0667139_6428_4e3d_ac0d_08c1dd7f36ea

elucidation	the absolute value of the stoichiometric number
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoichiometry#Stoichiometric_coefficient_and_stoichiometric_number
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118455387
subclassOf	PureNumberQuantity
subclasses	StoichiometricCoefficientAtSOC0, StoichiometricCoefficientAtSOC100, MinimumStoichiometricCoefficient, MaximumStoichiometricCoefficient

---

StoichiometricCoefficientAtSOC0

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f22bd1ec_faca_4335_92a5_a1687154c622

elucidation	the stoichiometric coefficient for a reactive entity in a chemical substance that corresponds to a cell-level state-of-charge of 0%
subclassOf	StoichiometricCoefficient
subclasses	PositiveElectrodeActiveMaterialGuestStoichiometricCoefficientAtSOC0, NegativeElectrodeActiveMaterialGuestStoichiometricCoefficientAtSOC0

---

StoichiometricCoefficientAtSOC100

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_38ab058e_3912_48c2_a7eb_76d25d000820

elucidation	the stoichiometric coefficient for a reactive entity in a chemical substance that corresponds to a cell-level state-of-charge of 100%
subclassOf	StoichiometricCoefficient
subclasses	PositiveElectrodeActiveMaterialGuestStoichiometricCoefficientAtSOC100, NegativeElectrodeActiveMaterialGuestStoichiometricCoefficientAtSOC100

---

StoredEnergy

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_46376e5d_9627_4514_9881_9e62083625c3

altLabel	BatteryEnergy; EnergyStorageCapability
elucidation	amount of energy that is passed to or from an energy storage device under specified conditions
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-21
hiddenLabel	Energy/mWh; Watt-hr; mWatt-hr
newareLabel	Energy(mWh)
novonixLabel	Energy (Wh)
maccorLabel	watt-hr
indigoLabel	cell_energy_j
subclassOf	Energy, ElectrochemicalPerformanceQuantity
subclasses	ChargingEnergy, RatedEnergy, DischargingEnergy, TotalEnergy

---

SurfaceArea

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_05cf26ef_782a_4f66_a196_7004dd973f8e

elucidation	a measure of the total area that the surface of a solid object occupies
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_area
dbpediaReference	https://dbpedia.org/page/Surface_area
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379273
subclassOf	Area, ElectrochemicalQuantity
subclasses	DeviceSurfaceArea, ElectrodeSurfaceArea

---

SurfaceAreaPerVolume

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_7f381c19_cf07_47a8_ab10_0b14d46901e8

elucidation	the quotient of the surface area of some object and its total volume
subclassOf	ISQDerivedQuantity

---

SurfaceOverpotential

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_60741c58_a10d_4aa6_bb68_0066a6ff8e30

altLabel	SurfacePolarization
elucidation	The potential of a working electrode relative to a reference electrode of the same kinds placed in the solution adjacent to the surface of the working electrode (just outside the double layer).
restrictions	hasSpatialTile some EquilibriumElectrodePotential
subclassOf	Overpotential

---

TappedDensity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_5ce6a328_713c_4383_ad63_26c902c30e34

altLabel	TapDensity
elucidation	the density of a powdered or granular material when it is subjected to tapping or mechanical vibration
subclassOf	Density

---

TemperatureCoefficientOfTheCapacity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_8f3ab19f_ce22_424e_a9bf_d5cedb815374

elucidation	quotient of the change in capacity of a cell by the corresponding change in temperature.
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-18
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

TemperatureCoefficientOfTheOpenCircuitVoltage

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_3bb5ae23_59fa_4bc7_9495_803eb6719f28

elucidation	quotient of change in open-circuit voltage of a cell or battery by the corresponding change in temperature.
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-33
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalQuantity
subclasses	PositiveElectrodeEntropicChangeCoefficient, NegativeElectrodeEntropicChangeCoefficient

---

TemperatureLimit

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_82fce40c_434d_4640_a3d2_e26379b6acae

elucidation	limit on the temperature of a system
subclassOf	CelsiusTemperature, LimitQuantity
subclasses	MaximumTemperature, MiniumumTemperature

---

TerminationQuantity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_44a67eb4_52e8_433c_aef7_a928c2b9906c

elucidation	a quantity that is used to express the termination criteria for an electrochemical process
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalControlQuantity

---

TestTime

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_27b3799c_250c_4332_8b71_7992c4a7bb05

altLabel	RunTime
elucidation	time of a measurement relative to the start of the test (t = 0)
hiddenLabel	TestTime/Sec; time/s
newareLabel	Time(h:min:s.ms)
arbinLabel	test_time
novonixLabel	Run Time (h)
maccorLabel	test (sec)
batteryArchiveLabel	Test_Time (s)
indigoLabel	time_s
subclassOf	Time, ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

TheoreticalCapacity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_372c89d0_adab_4585_9662_33c912acef23

elucidation	the amount of electric charge that can be stored in a material, component, or device, under infinitely low current, and derived from first principles
typicalUnit	https://w3id.org/emmo#AmpereHour; https://w3id.org/emmo#Coulomb; https://w3id.org/emmo#MilliAmpereHour
subclassOf	RatedCapacity

Caution

The value of the practically achieve able capacity is often much lower than the theoretical value.

---

TotalDuration

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4a30ff40_3ffa_4a08_9134_36dbe718bee1

elucidation	the total duration of a test
subclassOf	Duration

---

TotalEnergy

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0f986d97_445f_4075_a5ce_ddde598a47a9

elucidation	the total amount of energy that has passed through an electrochemical device
subclassOf	StoredEnergy

---

TotalMassLoading

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_8541f8b7_c55e_452d_b3f8_db29dcb2a61d

elucidation	the mass of all material (active and inactive) per unit area
subclassOf	MassLoading

---

TotalNumberOfCycles

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_6d981c04_3ace_4f1b_b0f8_770776cceb6f

elucidation	the total number of cycles carried out on a specific device under a given set of conditions
subclassOf	PureNumberQuantity, ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

TransitionTime

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ae9882de_d6a2_4525_a84f_80947c10f1cb

elucidation	in chronopotentiometry and related techniques, the duration between the application of current and when the concentration of an electroactive substance at the electrode-solution interface becomes indistinguishable from zero
iupacReference	https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06472
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

UpperCurrentDensityLimit

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_2a16f139_ab9c_4034_bd21_eabd2e1202e8

elucidation	the upper bounding limit placed on the current density used in the definition of an electrochemical testing protocol
subclassOf	CurrentDensityLimit

---

UpperCurrentLimit

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_3dac5115_6337_40a6_a2ab_317087fe3b45

elucidation	the upper bounding limit on the current used in the definition of an electrochemical testing protocol
subclassOf	CurrentLimit

---

UpperFrequencyLimit

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_666f0b69_9c74_49a3_80b3_96a188332462

elucidation	the higher end of the interval of frequencies tested in impedimetry and related techniques
subclassOf	Frequency, ElectrochemicalControlQuantity

---

UpperVoltageLimit

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_6dcd5baf_58cd_43f5_a692_51508e036c88

altLabel	EndOfChargeVoltage; UpperCutoffVoltage
elucidation	maximum voltage limit at which an applied excitation is altered or terminated
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-05-55
subclassOf	VoltageLimit

Note

term used in the context of primary and secondary cells and batteries

---

VoltageChangeLimit

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_09e64707_a17d_4405_84cc_ee9d91ed32ef

altLabel	dV/dt
elucidation	a control limit placed on the rate of change of the cell voltage, dV/dt.
restrictions	hasMeasurementUnit some ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalControlQuantity, VoltageChangeRate

---

VoltageChangeRate

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f6f45881_9bf1_4cf5_988b_de79dab718ef

altLabel	dV/dt
elucidation	the first order time rate of change of voltage
arbinLabel	dv/dt
novonixLabel	dVdt (I/h)
restrictions	hasMeasurementUnit some ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalQuantity
subclasses	VoltageChangeLimit

---

VoltageLimit

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_5ebeea80_af22_456b_9087_78c2a8465c58

elucidation	limit on the voltage of an electrical system
typicalUnit	https://w3id.org/emmo#Volt
subclassOf	Voltage, LimitQuantity
subclasses	electrochemistry.LowerVoltageLimit, UpperVoltageLimit

---

VolumePercent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_db37b358_b2f0_4e06_b6ae_8c56c8fbb6ba

elucidation	the ratio of a constituent volume to the total volume
subclassOf	PercentQuantity

---

VolumetricCapacity

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e6b63190_acac_4e78_9cba_fb2b10bbe910

altLabel	VolumetricChargeCapacity; VolumetricElectricChargeCapacity
elucidation	quotient of the capacity of a cell or battery by its volume.
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-17
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

VolumetricSurfaceArea

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a5571263_f153_448f_84a3_cd18092cf8fa

altLabel	SurfaceAreaToVolumeRatio
elucidation	ratio of the surface area of a solid object to the volume of the object
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface-area-to-volume_ratio
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q766786
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalQuantity
subclasses	NegativeElectrodeActiveMaterialVolumetricSurfaceArea, PositiveElectrodeActiveMaterialVolumetricSurfaceArea

---

WattPerWattHour

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#WattPerWattHour

elucidation	the unit for P-Rate in electrochemistry and related domains
subclassOf	PRateUnit

---

WeightPercent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_2c0e66c8_d58d_44b2_b0ce_ba55194bd505

elucidation	the percentage quantity relating the weight of a constituent to the total weight
subclassOf	PercentQuantity

---

WorkingPotentialRange

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c39b2498_783e_48e1_9814_6164bd99823c

elucidation	range of electrode potentials of a given working electrode in a given electrolyte, where the electric current from reactions of the electrode or electrolyte is negligible compared with the current from reactions of the system under investigation
subclassOf	ElectricPotential, ElectrochemicalQuantity

---

arbinLabel

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a07dd85b_d0df_4d5d_8b0c_14d20ea3fe45

elucidation	the label of a term used in resources from Arbin
subclassOf	owl.AnnotationProperty, core.hiddenLabel

---

arbinLabel

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a07dd85b_d0df_4d5d_8b0c_14d20ea3fe45

elucidation	the label of a term used in resources from Arbin
subclassOf	owl.AnnotationProperty, core.hiddenLabel

---

batteryArchiveLabel

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1b717a20_17e3_4480_8c60_c4ae94058f05

elucidation	the label of a term used in resources from Battery Archive
subclassOf	owl.AnnotationProperty, core.hiddenLabel

---

batteryArchiveLabel

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1b717a20_17e3_4480_8c60_c4ae94058f05

elucidation	the label of a term used in resources from Battery Archive
subclassOf	owl.AnnotationProperty, core.hiddenLabel

---

battmoKey

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e5e86474_8623_48ea_a1cf_502bdb10aa14

subclassOf

owl.AnnotationProperty, rdf-schema.label

---

battmoKey

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e5e86474_8623_48ea_a1cf_502bdb10aa14

subclassOf

owl.AnnotationProperty, rdf-schema.label

---

biologicLabel

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_69022178_77b8_4669_97e2_351d45356e5a

elucidation	the label of a term used in resources from Biologic
subclassOf	owl.AnnotationProperty, core.hiddenLabel

---

biologicLabel

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_69022178_77b8_4669_97e2_351d45356e5a

elucidation	the label of a term used in resources from Biologic
subclassOf	owl.AnnotationProperty, core.hiddenLabel

---

bpxKey

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0a5b99ee_995b_4899_a79b_925a4086da37

subclassOf

owl.AnnotationProperty, rdf-schema.label

---

bpxKey

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0a5b99ee_995b_4899_a79b_925a4086da37

subclassOf

owl.AnnotationProperty, rdf-schema.label

---

cidemodKey

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1b718841_5d72_4071_bb71_fc4a754f5e30

subclassOf

owl.AnnotationProperty, rdf-schema.label

---

cidemodKey

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1b718841_5d72_4071_bb71_fc4a754f5e30

subclassOf

owl.AnnotationProperty, rdf-schema.label

---

includeDocs

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_7104c722_d5a5_4bff_ba2f_37e229bb6cce

subclassOf

owl.AnnotationProperty, rdf-schema.comment

---

includeDocs

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_7104c722_d5a5_4bff_ba2f_37e229bb6cce

subclassOf

owl.AnnotationProperty, rdf-schema.comment

---

indigoLabel

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_8377c1f7_2b09_4632_9a4d_bb318438adbb

elucidation	the label of a term used in resources from Indigo
subclassOf	owl.AnnotationProperty, core.hiddenLabel

---

indigoLabel

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_8377c1f7_2b09_4632_9a4d_bb318438adbb

elucidation	the label of a term used in resources from Indigo
subclassOf	owl.AnnotationProperty, core.hiddenLabel

---

maccorLabel

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_097ea615_c209_4edd_a1a1_5eea71d98fe8

elucidation	the label of a term used in resources from Maccor
subclassOf	owl.AnnotationProperty, core.hiddenLabel

---

maccorLabel

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_097ea615_c209_4edd_a1a1_5eea71d98fe8

elucidation	the label of a term used in resources from Maccor
subclassOf	owl.AnnotationProperty, core.hiddenLabel

---

newareLabel

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_811aafc3_0c6d_470e_b67e_ff5c82992609

elucidation	the label of a term used in resources from Neware
subclassOf	owl.AnnotationProperty, core.hiddenLabel

---

newareLabel

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_811aafc3_0c6d_470e_b67e_ff5c82992609

elucidation	the label of a term used in resources from Neware
subclassOf	owl.AnnotationProperty, core.hiddenLabel

---

novonixLabel

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ea9f4dba_8ca2_419e_9cdf_ce54e9ebbd46

elucidation	the label of a term used in resources from Novonix
subclassOf	owl.AnnotationProperty, core.hiddenLabel

---

novonixLabel

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ea9f4dba_8ca2_419e_9cdf_ce54e9ebbd46

elucidation	the label of a term used in resources from Novonix
subclassOf	owl.AnnotationProperty, core.hiddenLabel

Electrochemistry Manufacturing

The electrochemistry-manufacturing module is an ontology containing the domain-level terms for describing the manufacturing of electrochemical devices. This ontology features terms that are common to manufacturing many different types of electrochemcial devices (.e.g batteries, supercaps, fuel cells, electrolyzers, etc.). For device-specific manufacturing terms, please refer to the associated domain ontology.

---

BinderSolution

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_bed8f6c8_18d3_4af0_a0f3_d83bfa80498b

elucidation	a liquid solution comprising binder dispersed in a solvent
subclassOf	LiquidSolution

---

BinderSolutionMixing

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_91e931b3_9bc8_4490_8a9c_3202fc8338bd

elucidation	the process of mixing binder components to create a binder solution
subclassOf	Mixing

---

CellPackaging

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_6a2d9bd3_3695_4827_b3f7_3bba9b947129

elucidation	the process of insering a dry cell assembly into a container
subclassOf	IntentionalAgency
subclasses	PouchCellPackaging, PrismaticCellPackaging, CylindricalCellPackaging

---

CylindricalCellElectrolyteFilling

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_dade3372_c229_47f2_b3c5_6ebb97a0f670

elucidation	the process of filling an electrolyte into a cylindrical cell
bvco	https://bvco.ontology.link/BVCO_b1153b0b_1c2d_4890_aa1b_f9ed3ab0747a
subclassOf	ElectrolyteFilling

---

CylindricalCellPackaging

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_19a5cf32_2310_4ee8_a888_0d7bd8edc729

elucidation	the process of insering a dry jelly roll into a cylindrical cell container
subclassOf	CellPackaging

---

DryMixture

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0e5ef5a7_53c6_4d94_bffd_d0318ea0de6b

elucidation	a mixture comprised of solid constituents
subclassOf	SolidMixture

---

ElectrochemicalDeviceAging

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_5076e90b_ed93_4845_87b1_e26bc8a4f0fe

elucidation	the process of aging an electrochemical device as part of the manufacturing process
subclassOf	IntentionalAgency

---

ElectrochemicalDeviceAssembly

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f2a034b6_401d_46bf_a258_cca87932c7af

elucidation	the process of assembling components into an electrochemical device
subclassOf	IntentionalAgency

---

ElectrochemicalDeviceFinishing

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_acd4bba1_e0f2_4114_b8f8_963645c5dac5

elucidation	the process of preparing an electrochemical device for its intended functional performance
subclassOf	IntentionalAgency

---

ElectrochemicalDeviceManufacturing

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_cd5a6260_5d89_4a14_8e19_5f64742b64ac

elucidation	the process of manufacturing an electrochemical device
subclassOf	IntentionalAgency

---

ElectrodeCalendering

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_38a2b407_3be9_4b66_86cf_b961cdffb4c9

elucidation	the process of calendering an electrode
subclassOf	IntentionalAgency

---

ElectrodeCoating

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_cfcf6ca6_70e9_4369_9314_7f20b3efbf21

elucidation	the process of applying a coating to a substrate to manufacture an electrode
subclassOf	IntentionalAgency

---

ElectrodeDrying

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_36c2e19c_cb1a_41e9_bcd5_baf9dfd21905

elucidation	the process of drying an electrode
subclassOf	Drying

---

ElectrodeManufacturing

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_aaeb3c53_3199_4851_95d1_9cf1503a1b4b

elucidation	the process of manufacturing and electrode
subclassOf	IntentionalAgency

---

ElectrodeNotching

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b50d66be_092e_4aca_b8fd_59aa30e47d7c

elucidation	the process of notching tabs into an electrode sheet
subclassOf	IntentionalAgency

---

ElectrodeSeparation

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_eeafeec2_2969_4886_b572_07ce39d3ee63

elucidation	the process of separating individual electrodes from an electrode sheet
subclassOf	IntentionalAgency

---

ElectrodeSlitting

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_5096e449_4d92_420e_ae6d_0e156f6e4ebd

elucidation	the process of slitting an electrode into smaller sections
subclassOf	IntentionalAgency

---

ElectrodeStacking

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a490e278_8c6d_4a89_ad0e_ffa48366cd75

elucidation	the process of stacking layers of negative electrode, separator, and positive electrode to create a dry stack
subclassOf	IntentionalAgency

---

ElectrodeWinding

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_707f001f_d2b9_46c2_ac1b_9cd039bcf00f

elucidation	the process of forming a negative electrode, separator, and positive electrode into a wound dry jelly roll
subclassOf	IntentionalAgency

---

ElectrolyteFilling

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ff7f5ab4_d0c0_4455_9bcc_3d80346e90ee

elucidation	the insertion of liquid electrolyte into an electrochemical device
subclassOf	IntentionalAgency
subclasses	PrismaticCellElectrolyteFilling, CylindricalCellElectrolyteFilling, PouchCellElectrolyteFilling

---

ElectrolyteManufacturing

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b85ca559_eeef_4763_ac2e_7e658bf64b45

elucidation	the process of manufacturing electrolyte
subclassOf	IntentionalAgency

---

PouchCellElectrolyteFilling

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_dbc73810_d334_40b8_b73a_7ad2c0b3615f

elucidation	the process of filling an electrolyte in a pouch cell
bvco	https://bvco.ontology.link/BVCO_0c42fa38_503b_4fe4_90a6_c27730627514
subclassOf	ElectrolyteFilling

---

PouchCellPackaging

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d5e99e1f_049c_4111_b97f_613eb652492a

elucidation	the process of inserting a dry electrode stack into a pouch cell container
subclassOf	CellPackaging

---

PrismaticCellElectrolyteFilling

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_99a4c4b9_90d1_41ef_9073_894d9b35e751

elucidation	the process of filling an electrolyte in a prismatic cell
bvco	https://bvco.ontology.link/BVCO_b5540155_6bab_4d81_bf3d_41c171d63a0f
subclassOf	ElectrolyteFilling

---

PrismaticCellPackaging

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1a532a1a_a48c_4b08_854c_4f6c212c8b59

elucidation	the process of inserting a dry jelly roll into a prismatic cell container
subclassOf	CellPackaging

---

Slurry

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_13fad803_de44_490d_a77e_c330c9168087

elucidation	a semi-liquid mixture, typically composed of particles suspended in a solvent
subclassOf	PhaseHeterogeneousMixture

---

bvco

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c1ac455d_964c_4435_a9f0_d7339c44f4bb

subclassOf

owl.AnnotationProperty, rdf-schema.seeAlso

---

bvco

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c1ac455d_964c_4435_a9f0_d7339c44f4bb

subclassOf

owl.AnnotationProperty, rdf-schema.seeAlso

Electrochemistry Testing

The electrochemistry-testing module is an ontology containing the domain-level terms for describing the testing of electrochemical devices. This ontology features terms that are common to testing many different types of electrochemcial devices (e.g batteries, supercaps, fuel cells, electrolyzers, etc.). For device-specific testing terms, please refer to the associated domain ontology.

---

ACVoltammetrySignal

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_58a20764_c339_4856_983a_05092b5282e8

elucidation	Sinusoidal potential waveform superimposed to a linear potential ramp.
subclassOf	ElectricPotentialSignal

---

AlternatingCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a53d6dee_1547_4854_a311_805b4d557298

altLabel	AC
elucidation	periodic current where the amplitude alternates at a steady frequency between fixed minimum and maximum values, with the same duration at minimum and maximum
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-24
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124164
subclassOf	ElectricCurrentSignal
subclasses	SinusoidalCurrentWaveform

---

BodePlot

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e0b57b09_68ee_4687_a901_bfb599421972

altLabel	BodeDiagram
elucidation	plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency at all the frequencies tested in an impedimetry measurement
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bode_plot
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245627
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalPlot

---

BoostCharging

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_02aefb7a_d6ce_4b6e_b854_f7b3d641f670

altLabel	FastCharging
elucidation	accelerated charge applied at greater than normal values of electric currents or of voltages (for a particular design) during a short time interval
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-05-37
subclassOf	Charging

---

CRateTest

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_99b2b3ad_8efc_48ee_a630_6d805a47efdc

elucidation	a process that assesses the performance of an electrochemical device at different charge and discharge rates to understand its behavior under various current loads
restrictions	hasTask some ConstantCurrentDischarging
subclassOf	chameo.Electrochemical

---

CapacityCalculation

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9d97c7ff_b0c7_4ba2_a3cb_c6509b6798a8

elucidation	data processing procedure that determines the capacity based on time data and electric current data
restrictions	hasInput some ElectricCurrentData hasInput some TimeData hasOutput some Capacity
subclassOf	MeasurementDataPostProcessing

---

CapacityTest

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_137dc19f_a3af_49af_971f_743d27e09f43

elucidation	a process that measures the total amount of charge an electrochemical device can store and deliver under specified conditions
restrictions	hasTask some ConstantCurrentDischarging hasOutput some RatedCapacity
subclassOf	Electrochemical

---

CelsiusTemperatureData

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_efaca8db_a3e0_4188_9c9b_ed0037966725

elucidation	celsius temperature data, usually resulting from an electrochemical measurement process
restrictions	hasQuantity some CelsiusTemperature
subclassOf	Vector, RawData

---

CelsiusTemperatureMeasurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_bea04148_10d9_4eda_9cd5_8f609d7e9ff8

elucidation	measurement of temperature
restrictions	hasOutput some CelsiusTemperatureData
subclassOf	Measurement

---

CelsiusTemperatureMeasurementResult

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_2dea31c2_5061_4464_ab76_5336bef23629

elucidation	a measurement of the value of the temperature in units of degree Celsius
subclassOf	MeasurementResult

---

ChargeTimePlot

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_46676855_68b0_4096_ac6c_35400111d46d

altLabel	ChargeTimeCurve; ElectricChargeTimeCurve; ElectricChargeTimePlot; QtCurve
elucidation	plot of the time-dependent amount of electric charge passed through an electrochemical system due to the application of a electric potential
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalPlot

---

Charging

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a9873d3d_945b_40ba_b9cd_8dfb64cec88f

altLabel	ElectrochemicalCharging
elucidation	operation during which a secondary cell or battery is supplied with electric energy from an external circuit which results in chemical changes within the cell and thus the storage of energy as chemical energy.
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-05-27
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388109
restrictions	hasParticipant some ElectrochemicalDevice
subclassOf	Procedure
subclasses	ConstantCurrentCharging, BoostCharging, EqualizationCharging, TwoStepCharging, Overcharging, FloatCharging

---

ChargingData

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_bf7bfbcb_0698_47af_8678_af92b2f10414

elucidation	data that is obtained from experiment or simulation during a charging process
subclassOf	Dataset

---

ConstantCurrentCharging

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_83f2b1e9_cb67_4dbf_977f_ba54bbae374f

altLabel	GalvanostaticCharging
elucidation	charge during which the electric current is maintained at a constant value regardless of the battery voltage or temperature
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-05-38
restrictions	hasMeasurementParameter some UpperVoltageLimit hasMeasurementParameter some ChargingCurrent
subclassOf	CurrentHold, Charging
subclasses	PulseCharging

---

ConstantCurrentConstantVoltageCharging

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0cc8f231_0ce5_467e_9c76_29b2c80349ad

altLabel	CCCV
elucidation	a two-step charging process in which a constant current is applied until a set upper cutoff voltage is reached and then the cell is potentiostatically held at that voltage until the current falls below some set threshhold value
restrictions	hasTask some ConstantCurrentDischarging hasTask some ConstantCurrentCharging
subclassOf	TwoStepCharging

---

ConstantCurrentConstantVoltageCycling

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ac6c2371_995a_4fcb_89a2_15cb6615741e

altLabel	CCCVCycling
elucidation	a cycling protocol in which an electrochemical cell is first put through a CCCV charging process followed by a constant current discharge process
restrictions	hasTask some FloatCharging hasTask some ConstantCurrentDischarging hasTask some ConstantCurrentCharging
subclassOf	Cycling

---

ConstantCurrentDischarging

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_53fe3f58_0802_41cf_af69_4784fc42cc30

altLabel	GalvanostaticDischarging
elucidation	a discharging process in which the current is kept at a constant value
restrictions	hasMeasurementParameter some LowerVoltageLimit hasMeasurementParameter some DischargingCurrent
subclassOf	Discharging, CurrentHold
subclasses	PulseDischarging

---

ConstantPotentialPulses

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_84d37a37_88bd_47db_9425_31f73a81d38c

elucidation	Signal consisting of successive pulses of electric potential of the same magnitude.
subclassOf	ElectricPotentialSignal

---

ConstantPotentialSignal

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0d3e8340_4229_4fd3_b6dd_763bd566551d

elucidation	signal consisting of a constant electric potential.
subclassOf	ElectricPotentialSignal

---

ConstantPowerCharging

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_dcd4a15d_52cf_44fb_b826_df18e4baa89c

elucidation	charge during which the electric power is maintained at a constant value
subclassOf	PowerHold

---

ConstantPowerDischarging

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a2f65954_1ed8_4faf_9efe_597018d03e8d

elucidation	discharge during which the electric power is maintained at a constant value
subclassOf	PowerHold

---

ConstantVoltageCharging

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_acdeaa89_0e99_4941_8821_d5dea3d34912

altLabel	ModifiedConstantVoltageCharging
elucidation	constant voltage charge where the electric current is limited to a predetermined value
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-05-50
restrictions	hasMeasurementParameter some ChargingVoltage hasMeasurementParameter some LowerCurrentLimit
subclassOf	VoltageHold

---

ConstantVoltageDischarging

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9865e4f9_756d_4d94_a6fd_4102ab795f9e

altLabel	PotentiostaticDischarging
elucidation	a discharging process in which the voltage between the terminals of the electrochemical cell is kept at a constant value
restrictions	hasMeasurementParameter some LowerCurrentLimit hasMeasurementParameter some DischargingVoltage
subclassOf	Discharging, VoltageHold

---

ContinuousServiceTest

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_25d01d13_3ca5_4619_98c1_8ebbd01ad794

elucidation	service test with an uninterrupted discharge
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-48
restrictions	hasTask some Discharging
subclassOf	Electrochemical

---

Coulometer

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_fb9bf7cb_dd4b_4391_99a1_628263dd6940

altLabel	Voltameter
elucidation	measuring instrument to obtain the electrical charge passed in an experiment, or to produce a known amount of substance in a titration.
dbpediaReference	https://dbpedia.org/page/Voltmeter
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltameter
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905539
subclassOf	MeasuringInstrument

Note

Modern instruments for measuring trace water by Karl Fischer titration use the passage of a measured charge to produce iodine from iodide solution. They are known as Karl Fischer coulometers

Note

The silver coulometer is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] for charge and current. By weighing the mass of silver deposited in a known time at constant current, the charge and current are calculated from Faraday’s laws of electrolysis

---

CurrentControlledProcess

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_5548f188_df00_4c05_ae98_7846e92efe36

elucidation	a process in which the electric current is controlled
subclassOf	Process
subclasses	CurrentPulsing, PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis, CurrentHold, StrippingChronopotentiometry, GalvanostaticCycling

---

CurrentHold

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_78a8f60b_10c2_41ee_9946_d35437e1edb5

altLabel	GalvanostaticProcess
elucidation	a process in which the electric current is kept constant
restrictions	isParticipatedBy some Galvanostat
subclassOf	CurrentControlledProcess
subclasses	ConstantCurrentCharging, ConstantCurrentDischarging, Resting

---

CurrentPotentialPlot

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b9a72491_8a50_4cac_a131_1e95d72b57ee

altLabel	CurrentPotentialCurve; ElectricCurrentPotentialCurve
elucidation	plot of current versus applied potential (I-E) for a given system
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalPlot
subclasses	Voltammogram

Note

The curve is sigmoidal in hydrodynamic voltammetry, voltammetry at microelectrodes and polarography, or peak-shaped in ac voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, square- wave voltammetry, stripping voltammetry, and derivative techniques.

---

CurrentPulseSignal

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_712c791a_d593_4732_af73_493f7bc50999

elucidation	rapid, transient change in the amplitude of an electric current, from a baseline value to a higer or lower value, followed by a rapid return to the baseline value.
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114979515
subclassOf	ElectricCurrentSignal

---

CurrentPulsing

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9f1ffb54_4403_4541_98c1_3a821c6d060f

elucidation	the process of applying a current pulse to an electrochemical device
subclassOf	CurrentControlledProcess
subclasses	PulseCharging, PulseDischarging

---

CurrentTimePlot

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b99cff7f_b13f_4075_aa88_62c04f8daacc

altLabel	CurrentTimeCurve
elucidation	plot of the dependence of instantaneous current on time
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalPlot

---

CycleNumberData

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ca48d41c_f5ea_4bf8_84ce_2d67fd9dad98

elucidation	cycle number data, usually resulting from an electrochemical measurement process
restrictions	Inverse(hasNumericalPart) some CycleIndex
subclassOf	Vector, PrimaryData

---

CycleSeriesDataset

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d2f6f1a6_4dee_4c5e_9a69_32b9fe990d2f

elucidation	a series of data points indexed in cycle order
restrictions	hasConstituent some CycleNumberData
subclassOf	Matrix

---

Cycling

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d3e2d213_d078_4b9a_8beb_62f063e57d69

altLabel	ChargeCycle; ElectrochemicalCycling
elucidation	set of operations that is carried out on a secondary cell or battery and is repeated regularly in the same sequence.
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_cycle
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-05-28
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5074261
restrictions	hasParticipant some ElectrochemicalDevice
subclassOf	Procedure
subclasses	PotentiostaticCycling, ConstantCurrentConstantVoltageCycling, GalvanostaticCycling, FormationCycling

Note

in a secondary battery these operations may consist of a sequence of a discharge followed by a charge or a charge followed by a discharge under specified conditions

Note

this sequence may include rest periods

---

CyclingTest

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_435b22d4_c441_45ea_8c79_0cbec11fd287

elucidation	a process that determines the number of complete charge-discharge cycles an electrochemical device can undergo before its capacity falls below a predefined threshold
restrictions	hasTask some Cycling
subclassOf	chameo.Electrochemical

---

DifferentialPotentialPulse

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b49e2355_392f_4e83_b630_7ff4581d767b

elucidation	Small pulses of electric potential superimposed to a linear potential ramp or a staircase potential ramp.
subclassOf	ElectricPotentialSignal

Note

The pulses are usually of constant height 10 to 100 mV and constant width 10 to 100 ms.

---

DiffusionData

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_50fef664_83c3_4ca5_808c_efaa1acc51b2

elucidation	data that describes the mass diffusivity of some particle under some stated conditions
subclassOf	Dataset

---

DirectCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_885b462e_f6bc_412d_8b94_9425e13af0c7

altLabel	DC
elucidation	electric current that flows in a constant direction, i.e. a current with a constant sign
iupacReference	https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/D01767
dbpediaReference	https://dbpedia.org/page/Direct_current
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159241
subclassOf	ElectricCurrent, ElectrochemicalQuantity

Note

I_{DC}

Note

The term ‘direct current’ should be used where there is ambiguity concerning the constancy of direction of current. See alternating current.

---

DirectCurrent

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_40ca9548_910a_48b6_9a26_f94095d349cd

altLabel	ConstantCurrentSignal; DC
elucidation	Signal consisting of a constant electric current.
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant_current
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-22
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163647
subclassOf	ElectricCurrentSignal

---

Discharging

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_06d8e1ee_924a_4915_998d_33a69f41dadc

altLabel	ElectrochemicalDischarging
elucidation	operation during which an electrochemical cell supplies electric energy as the result of chemical changes within the cell
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-23
restrictions	hasParticipant some ElectrochemicalDevice
subclassOf	Procedure
subclasses	ConstantCurrentDischarging, ConstantVoltageDischarging

Note

the opposite of a charging process

---

DischargingData

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a17b9fd0_b005_41eb_b685_e212fc4cecea

elucidation	data that is obtained from experiment or simulation during a discharging process
subclassOf	Dataset

---

ElectricChargeSignal

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_276cfa84_3cc0_40c0_9f6a_57a3b776f47c

elucidation	Time-dependent variation of electric charge passed through a system.
subclassOf	ElectricSignal

---

ElectricCurrentData

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4920de95_3a48_4669_b762_5a0b5232b52f

elucidation	electric current data, usually resulting from an electrochemical measurement process
restrictions	hasQuantity some ElectricCurrent
subclassOf	Vector, RawData

---

ElectricCurrentMeasurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_158ae038_c64b_4cc0_aa56_650475490705

elucidation	measurement of electric current
restrictions	hasParticipant some ElectricCurrentMeasuringSystem hasOutput some ElectricCurrentData
subclassOf	Measurement

---

ElectricCurrentMeasurementResult

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_7beef5fb_a406_4284_b85a_87d55cf46a0e

elucidation	the result of an electric current measurement
subclassOf	MeasurementResult

---

ElectricCurrentMeasuringSystem

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f693b744_930c_42ac_8e6f_627b22c6da3f

elucidation	a system for measuing electric current
restrictions	hasConstituent some Coulometer
subclassOf	MeasuringSystem

Example

a digital coulometer connected to a computer

---

ElectricCurrentSignal

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_904b12e0_4a10_47b0_b7db_592aba215cb6

elucidation	Time-dependent variation of electric current
subclassOf	ElectricSignal
subclasses	CurrentPulseSignal, TriangularCurrentWaveform, AlternatingCurrent, LinearCurrentRamp, DirectCurrent, StaircaseCurrentRamp

---

ElectricPotentialMeasuringSystem

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_3f9b2956_1465_4fe0_b0df_5e4784dac3b6

elucidation	a system for measuring electric potential
restrictions	hasPart some Voltmeter
subclassOf	MeasuringSystem

Example

a digital voltmeter connected to a computer

---

ElectricPotentialSignal

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0a03ce7e_d79f_412e_a103_b5d74de9f4d7

elucidation	Time-dependent variation of electric potential
subclassOf	ElectricSignal
subclasses	PotentialPulse, SquareWavePotentialWaveform, ACVoltammetrySignal, SinusoidalPotentialWaveform, LinearPotentialRamp, IncreasingPotentialPulses, DifferentialPotentialPulse, SquareWaveVoltammetryWaveform, ConstantPotentialSignal, StaircasePotentialRamp, ConstantPotentialPulses, TriangularPotentialWaveform

---

ElectricSignal

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_898971cb_a9fc_4955_8abf_5d7163a9fe6c

elucidation	Time dependent variation of an electric quantity.
subclassOf	Signal
subclasses	ElectricPotentialSignal, ElectricCurrentSignal, ElectricChargeSignal

---

Electrochemical

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#Electrochemical

elucidation	In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity
restrictions	isParticipatedBy some ElectrochemicalDevice hasTask some SamplePreparation
subclassOf	CharacterisationMeasurementProcess
subclasses	ContinuousServiceTest, ReferencePerformanceTest, CapacityTest, StorageTest

---

ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopyData

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c052cab7_46eb_4a87_b7a4_05be2572db22

altLabel	EISData
elucidation	a dataset resulting from an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiment or simulation
subclassOf	Dataset

---

ElectrochemicalMeasurementProcess

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f4ce4df2_d7e6_470f_8eab_3a911adaaf0f

elucidation	The measurement step in an electrochemical testing procedure or characterization method with output data for voltage, current, time, and temperature.
restrictions	isParticipatedBy some ElectrochemicalDevice hasOutput some ElectricCurrentData hasOutput some VoltageData hasOutput some TimeData hasOutput some CelsiusTemperatureData
subclassOf	CharacterisationMeasurementProcess

---

ElectrochemicalPlot

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ddade648_2033_47b6_bc36_b562a9af591e

elucidation	Graphical representation of a dataset resulting from the measurement of the response of an electrochemical system.
subclassOf	Representation
subclasses	ChargeTimePlot, CurrentPotentialPlot, NyquistPlot, BodePlot, CurrentTimePlot, PotentialTimePlot

Note

Shows the relationship between two or more electrochemical variables.

---

ElectrochemicalTestingProcedure

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_830d02dd_f897_4c3c_95a7_c5e5eafa346a

elucidation	the process of evaluating the performance and operational capabilities of an electrochemical device under specific conditions to determine its practical suitability for intended applications
subclassOf	Procedure

---

ElectrolyticConductivityData

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_571c1ae9_c4bf_48ab_babf_536153d22a0b

elucidation	data that describes the electrolytic conductivitysome material under some stated conditions
subclassOf	Dataset

---

EnergyCalculation

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_cbb95634_450c_4332_980c_d37baadd7619

elucidation	data processing procedure that determines the energy based on time data, voltage data, and electric current data
restrictions	hasInput some ElectricCurrentData hasInput some VoltageData hasInput some TimeData hasOutput some StoredEnergy
subclassOf	MeasurementDataPostProcessing

---

EqualizationCharging

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_990d19b8_672a_4219_a2b3_0a25bfa13f69

elucidation	extended charge to ensure an equal state of charge of all cells in a battery
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-05-40
subclassOf	Charging

---

ExchangeCurrentDensityData

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b7ea60b2_18f4_4588_bf19_55539c8e8888

elucidation	data that describes the exchange current density of some material or electrode under some stated conditions
subclassOf	Dataset

---

FloatCharging

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_3e7fe02d_c888_4c49_8e05_ccd9785607a6

altLabel	ConstantVoltageCharging; PotentiostaticCharging
elucidation	charge during which the voltage is maintained at a constant value regardless of charge current or temperature
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-05-49
restrictions	hasMeasurementParameter some ChargingVoltage
subclassOf	Charging, VoltageHold

---

FormationCycling

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_cb223440_51bd_4f16_a536_96ec408e7de4

elucidation	the cycling of a cell after manufacturing, usually for the purpose of forming interfacial layers
subclassOf	Cycling

---

FrequencyResponseAnalyser

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_279ecc9f_bfbc_4108_ae40_3c1c0f735e60

altLabel	FRA; FrequencyResponseAnalyzer
elucidation	analyzes the output signal of a stimulated system
subclassOf	Device

Note

based on the Fourier Transform analysis

---

Galvanostat

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_22725105_c941_4b14_a4a2_fcb627958607

altLabel	Amperostat
elucidation	instrument which controls the electric current between the working electrode and the auxiliary electrode
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvanostat
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5519411
subclassOf	Device

---

GalvanostaticCycling

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_79a8802e_8296_459a_b65d_6e5c79e1bf37

elucidation	a cycling protocol in which an electrochemical cell is subject to alternating galvanostatic charging and discharging processes
restrictions	hasTask some ConstantCurrentDischarging hasTask some ConstantCurrentCharging
subclassOf	CurrentControlledProcess, Cycling

---

GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechniqueData

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_ac2ffdd9_09cf_42a7_ba6a_1c6968e9a8a5

altLabel	GITTData
elucidation	a dataset resulting from a galvanostatic intermittent titration technique experiment or simulation
subclassOf	TimeSeriesElectricalDataSet

---

IncreasingPotentialPulses

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_77be01ef_49bd_4f2e_bec8_eec0894b8562

elucidation	Pulses of electric potential, of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms, which are superimposed on a constant initial potential.
subclassOf	ElectricPotentialSignal

---

LinearCurrentRamp

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_fa774456_718a_4a28_ba6a_6f828887c510

elucidation	signal where an electric current is varied linearly from an initial current, typically 0 A
subclassOf	ElectricCurrentSignal

---

LinearPotentialRamp

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_29f2a35a_8c09_429d_b9e8_33f3e1fc3671

elucidation	Signal where the electric potential is varied linearly from an initial potential.
subclassOf	ElectricPotentialSignal

---

MeasurementDataPostProcessing

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#MeasurementDataPostProcessing

elucidation	Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property.
subclassOf	DataPostProcessing
subclasses	CapacityCalculation, EnergyCalculation

Example

Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.)

Example

In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals.

---

NyquistPlot

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a2b01d05_b472_4cf5_b388_e0914db56324

altLabel	ComplexPlanePlot; NyquistDiagram
elucidation	plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested in an impedimetry measurement
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyquist_stability_criterion#Nyquist_plot
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333343
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalPlot

---

Overcharging

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_9ee6e728_e8f5_4b36_a045_d63da69dfc85

elucidation	continued charging of a fully charged secondary cell or battery
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-05-44
subclassOf	Charging

Note

overcharge is also the act of charging beyond a certain limit specified by the manufacturer

---

PotentialPulse

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_2dd44ff6_425a_4377_b86e_fa2bd567819f

elucidation	Rapid, transient change in the amplitude of an electric potential, from a baseline value to a higer or lower value, followed by a rapid return to the baseline value.
subclassOf	ElectricPotentialSignal

---

PotentialTimePlot

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_cd7d24a5_db31_4d76_97d9_367c809f099e

altLabel	ElectricPotentialTimeCurve; ElectricPotentialTimePlot; PotentialTimeCurve
elucidation	plot of the time-dependence of instantaneous electric potential following a change in applied current
subclassOf	ElectrochemicalPlot

---

PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_916b1863_f417_4b94_9407_9d749ada9ed5

altLabel	PSA
elucidation	two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential
subclassOf	CurrentControlledProcess

Note

historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury

Note

the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry

Note

the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution

Note

the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution

---

Potentiostat

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a9fc3f77_e48e_4bce_b118_044d608722f6

elucidation	measuring instrument for electric current that controls the potential difference between a working electrode and a reference electrode and measures the electric current between a working electrode and an auxiliary electrode.
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiostat
subclassOf	Device

---

PotentiostaticCycling

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_5a5ef74b_e4a7_4b85_ab21_ae0febebaf58

elucidation	electrochemical method where the voltage of an electrochemical device is held constant while measuring the current response over multiple charge-discharge cycles to evaluate its performance and stability
restrictions	hasTask some ConstantVoltageDischarging hasTask some ConstantVoltageCharging
subclassOf	VoltageControlledProcess, Cycling

---

PowerControlledProcess

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_dc1af38d_438e_40c2_8a68_0d631a8f46f2

elucidation	a process in which the electric power is controlled
subclassOf	Process
subclasses	PowerHold

---

PowerHold

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_87340877_e8ed_4061_ac2f_cb1c121e7193

altLabel	ConstantPowerOperation
elucidation	a process in which the electric power is kept constant
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=485-11-02
subclassOf	PowerControlledProcess
subclasses	ConstantPowerCharging, ConstantPowerDischarging

---

PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageData

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a49d9cd1_bec8_4d1d_9657_d47983e9135d

altLabel	POCVData; PseudoOCVData
elucidation	a dataset resulting from a pseudo-open-circuit voltage experiment or simulation
subclassOf	TimeSeriesElectricalDataSet

---

PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageTest

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_00244072_8d24_4e34_9f6a_c7b2b132b2c8

elucidation	a test where an electrochemical device is operated at a very low current, approximating equilibrium behaviour, in order to extract a pseudo-open-circuit-voltage profile
subclassOf	chameo.Electrochemical

---

PulseCharging

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_8372fdaa_dc01_4abf_9b75_442d0b28f263

elucidation	charging an electrochemical device at a given charging current for a defined short duration
restrictions	hasMeasurementParameter some PulseCurrent hasMeasurementParameter some PulseDuration
subclassOf	ConstantCurrentCharging, CurrentPulsing

---

PulseDischarging

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_acdedc56_61da_40ca_aa81_db4c06d82dd5

elucidation	discharging an electrochemical device at a given charging current for a defined short duration
restrictions	hasMeasurementParameter some PulseCurrent hasMeasurementParameter some PulseDuration
subclassOf	ConstantCurrentDischarging, CurrentPulsing

---

PulseResponseData

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_b7f05e67_d7e8_469f_971f_0cb4d4c7e857

elucidation	time series data that contains a controlled pulse and the response of a system
subclassOf	TimeSeriesElectricalDataSet

---

Record

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_59c041fc_eaa1_40fc_9b3e_1a6aca6119fd

elucidation	a measurement of one or more quantities, usually at a given time
subclassOf	Dataset

---

ReferencePerformanceTest

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c7e37e88_ed86_4acd_99ee_b6a2a5fcbd24

elucidation	a periodic assessment of battery degradation during life testing
subclassOf	Electrochemical

---

Resting

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_35469eeb_7fc3_4317_a4b5_b3be7015444b

elucidation	a step in an electrochemical testing workflow in which the electrochemical device is held at open-circuit conditions (i.e. cell current = 0 A) and occuring in series with at least one active (i.e. cell current ~= 0 A) step.
restrictions	hasMeasurementParameter some Duration
subclassOf	OpenCircuitHold, CurrentHold

---

SinusoidalCurrentWaveform

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d61deb36_b397_4811_bf7a_66d8e4578c6e

elucidation	alternating current consistent with a sinusoidal waveform
subclassOf	AlternatingCurrent

---

SinusoidalPotentialWaveform

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c74bb11c_e875_4112_b9cf_00d0890ef1f5

elucidation	Sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz).
subclassOf	ElectricPotentialSignal

---

SquareWavePotentialWaveform

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_0e33278b_639f_412d_9abd_64c3790026ef

elucidation	Periodic potential where the amplitude alternates at a steady frequency between fixed minimum and maximum values, with the same duration at minimum and maximum.
subclassOf	ElectricPotentialSignal

Note

In an ideal square wave, the transitions between minimum and maximum are instantaneous.

---

SquareWaveVoltammetryWaveform

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_210f3520_1ea3_4c86_aa89_4cd9a3bc5a5a

elucidation	Square wave potential waveform superimposed to a linear potential ramp or a staircase potential ramp.
subclassOf	ElectricPotentialSignal

---

StaircaseCurrentRamp

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_626f81db_ae4e_410a_96b8_0582aa2a9434

elucidation	Successive current steps that form a signal with a staircase waveform.
subclassOf	ElectricCurrentSignal

---

StaircasePotentialRamp

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_d359386f_ae2d_4ad4_9616_464e2111b67d

elucidation	Successive steps of electric potential that form a staircase waveform.
subclassOf	ElectricPotentialSignal

---

StorageTest

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_c91164b8_5e56_4c94_bad1_d7ada576b0e7

altLabel	SelfDischargeTest
elucidation	test carried out to measure the loss of capacity, open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current or other quantities after storage under specified conditions
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-03-45
restrictions	hasTask some OpenCircuitHold
subclassOf	Electrochemical

---

StrippingChronopotentiometry

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_bfbefff0_4df5_47c2_9943_5f42cf268e9e

elucidation	an electroanalytical technique that involves applying a constant current to a working electrode to strip previously deposited analyte from the electrode surface while measuring the potential change over time
subclassOf	CurrentControlledProcess

---

TimeData

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_58ad1d22_3803_4c95_a137_207cfebe242a

elucidation	time data, usually resulting from an electrochemical measurement process
restrictions	hasQuantity some Time
subclassOf	Vector, RawData

---

TimeMeasurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_7fdf65c1_b86a_4cbe_8c06_56321b425d4e

elucidation	measurement of time
restrictions	hasOutput some TimeData
subclassOf	Measurement

---

TimeMeasurementResult

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_496c8f31_9732_42c1_8eae_dd73979c06eb

elucidation	the reseult of a time measurement
subclassOf	MeasurementResult

---

TimeSeriesDataSet

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_7fa74f69_047f_4c86_a02c_e7805d6f5b77

elucidation	a series of data points indexed in time order
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_series
wikidataReference	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588
restrictions	hasConstituent some TimeData
subclassOf	Dataset, Matrix
subclasses	TimeSeriesElectricalDataSet

---

TimeSeriesElectricalDataSet

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_31e8052d_bede_43c6_8b41_d51bb24c9489

elucidation	a time series of electrical quantities
restrictions	hasConstituent some ElectricCurrentData hasConstituent some VoltageData hasConstituent some CelsiusTemperatureData
subclassOf	TimeSeriesDataSet
subclasses	GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechniqueData, PulseResponseData, PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageData

---

TriangularCurrentWaveform

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_09b9a369_2228_44bd_9b63_8abecfec8650

elucidation	Linear ramp of electric current followed by a reversal to the initial current (typically I=0), both at the same current change rate.
subclassOf	ElectricCurrentSignal

---

TriangularPotentialWaveform

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f9af8440_3629_4558_a944_9dfaf3dfd7ec

elucidation	Linear ramp of electric potential, followed by a reversal to the initial potential. Both forward and reversed signal ramps are applied at the same scan rate.
subclassOf	ElectricPotentialSignal

---

TwoStepCharging

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_aac51107_dbe5_4e63_b08a_9d6cf88f4b69

elucidation	charging method applied to a secondary battery using two levels of charge rate with feedback control to initiate the changeover from a high to a low charge rate
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=482-05-48
subclassOf	SerialWorkflow, Charging
subclasses	ConstantCurrentConstantVoltageCharging

---

VoltageControlledProcess

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_46957d35_0f8b_4d92_acb3_aded6ce774a1

elucidation	a process in which the voltage is controlled
subclassOf	Process
subclasses	PotentiostaticCycling, VoltageHold

---

VoltageData

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_4d09ddc4_7e71_4712_afab_b33d8df38983

elucidation	voltage data, usually resulting from an electrochemical measurement process
restrictions	hasQuantity some Voltage
subclassOf	Vector, RawData

---

VoltageHold

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_f07be701_9d6a_415b_ac6d_63202297a7a1

altLabel	PotentiostaticProcess
elucidation	a process in which the voltage is kept constant
restrictions	isParticipatedBy some Potentiostat
subclassOf	VoltageControlledProcess
subclasses	ConstantVoltageDischarging, FloatCharging, ConstantVoltageCharging

---

VoltageMeasurement

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_825a749f_dd07_46fb_947c_db286440911e

altLabel	ElectrochemicalCellVoltageMeasurement
elucidation	measurement of the electric potential between the terminals of an electrochemical cell
restrictions	hasParticipant some ElectrochemicalDevice hasOutput some VoltageData
subclassOf	Measurement

---

VoltageMeasurementResult

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_a76072fe_ca6e_48ad_8b4a_ab98a2bc9abb

elucidation	the result of a voltage measurement
subclassOf	MeasurementResult

---

Voltammogram

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_bbae1ef4_0a95_4e7d_9932_1bf939129eef

elucidation	current-potential curve in a voltammetry experiment
wikipediaReference	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry#Voltammograms
subclassOf	CurrentPotentialPlot

---

Voltmeter

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_1355816f_a2b5_4800_8001_fc888f5d6b1b

elucidation	instrument intended to measure the value of a voltage.
IEVReference	https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=313-01-03
subclassOf	MeasuringInstrument

---

hasControlParameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e55f2798_55c8_4fc5_9abb_2f8ac101f3b8

elucidation	a property that links a task to a parameter that is controlled during the task
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasInput

---

hasControlParameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e55f2798_55c8_4fc5_9abb_2f8ac101f3b8

elucidation	a property that links a task to a parameter that is controlled during the task
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasInput

---

hasTerminationParameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e6a7d617_a581_4782_8374_37d3305e0258

elucidation	a property that links a task to a parameter that determines the termination condition for that task
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasInput

---

hasTerminationParameter

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_e6a7d617_a581_4782_8374_37d3305e0258

elucidation	a property that links a task to a parameter that determines the termination condition for that task
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasInput

---

hasTestEquipment

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_52702560_2034_4369_ab7f_28e8bb32680c

elucidation	a property linking an electrochemical test to the equipment that is used to carry out the test.
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasInput

---

hasTestEquipment

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_52702560_2034_4369_ab7f_28e8bb32680c

elucidation	a property linking an electrochemical test to the equipment that is used to carry out the test.
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasInput

---

hasTestObject

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_5998f7c1_d8e3_4c55_8170_c358e1b0c93c

elucidation	a property linking an electrochemical test to the object being tested
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasInput

---

hasTestObject

IRI: https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_5998f7c1_d8e3_4c55_8170_c358e1b0c93c

elucidation	a property linking an electrochemical test to the object being tested
subclassOf	owl.ObjectProperty, hasInput

End of Document.